程式設計層級:新手
時間長度:10 分鐘
專案類型:使用自訂選單的自動化動作
目標
- 瞭解解決方案的功能。
- 瞭解 Apps Script 服務在這個解決方案中的功能。
- 設定指令碼。
- 執行指令碼。
認識這項解決方案
在電子郵件範本中自動填入 Google 試算表的資料。這些電子郵件會從您的 Gmail 帳戶傳送,方便您回覆收件者的回覆。
重要事項:這個郵件合併樣本適用 Google 服務的配額中所述的電子郵件限制。
運作方式
您需要建立 Gmail 草稿範本,且範本的預留位置會與試算表試算表中的資料對應。工作表中的每個欄標題都代表一個預留位置標記。指令碼會將試算表中每個預留位置的資訊,傳送至電子郵件草稿中對應預留位置標記的位置。
Apps Script 服務
這項解決方案使用下列服務:
先備知識
如要使用這個範例,您必須具備下列先決條件:
- Google 帳戶 (Google Workspace 帳戶可能需要管理員核准)。
- 可存取網際網路的網路瀏覽器。
設定指令碼
建立 Apps Script 專案
- 按一下下列按鈕,建立 Gmail/試算表郵件合併範例試算表的副本。這個解決方案的 Apps Script 專案已附加至試算表。
建立副本
- 在複製的試算表中,將「Recipients」欄更新為要在郵件合併中使用的電子郵件地址。
- (選用) 新增、編輯或移除資料欄,自訂您要納入電子郵件範本的資料。
如果您變更「Recipient」或「Email Sent」欄的名稱,則必須更新 Apps Script 專案中的對應程式碼。依序按一下「Extensions」>「Apps Script」,即可從試算表開啟 Apps Script 專案。
建立電子郵件範本
- 在 Gmail 帳戶中建立電子郵件草稿。如要在電子郵件中加入試算表的資料,請使用與以大括號括住的資料欄名稱對應的預留位置,例如
{{First name}}
。
- 如果要設定電子郵件中的文字格式,也必須設定預留位置括號的格式。
- 預留位置區分大小寫,且必須與欄標題完全相符。
- 複製電子郵件草稿的主旨行。
執行指令碼
- 在試算表中,依序按一下「郵件合併」>「傳送電子郵件」。您可能需要重新整理頁面,這個自訂選單才會顯示。
系統顯示提示時,請授權指令碼。
如果 OAuth 同意畫面顯示「這個應用程式未驗證」警告,請依序選取「Advanced」>「Go to {Project Name} (unsafe)」。
再次依序點選「郵件合併」>「傳送電子郵件」。
貼上電子郵件範本的主旨行,然後按一下「確定」。
如果在工作表套用篩選器,指令碼仍會傳送電子郵件給篩選出的參與者,但不會新增時間戳記。
查看程式碼
如要查看這個解決方案的 Apps Script 程式碼,請點選下方的「查看原始碼」:
查看原始碼
Code.gs
// To learn how to use this script, refer to the documentation:
// https://developers.google.com/apps-script/samples/automations/mail-merge
/*
Copyright 2022 Martin Hawksey
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/
/**
* @OnlyCurrentDoc
*/
/**
* Change these to match the column names you are using for email
* recipient addresses and email sent column.
*/
const RECIPIENT_COL = "Recipient";
const EMAIL_SENT_COL = "Email Sent";
/**
* Creates the menu item "Mail Merge" for user to run scripts on drop-down.
*/
function onOpen() {
const ui = SpreadsheetApp.getUi();
ui.createMenu('Mail Merge')
.addItem('Send Emails', 'sendEmails')
.addToUi();
}
/**
* Sends emails from sheet data.
* @param {string} subjectLine (optional) for the email draft message
* @param {Sheet} sheet to read data from
*/
function sendEmails(subjectLine, sheet=SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSheet()) {
// option to skip browser prompt if you want to use this code in other projects
if (!subjectLine){
subjectLine = Browser.inputBox("Mail Merge",
"Type or copy/paste the subject line of the Gmail " +
"draft message you would like to mail merge with:",
Browser.Buttons.OK_CANCEL);
if (subjectLine === "cancel" || subjectLine == ""){
// If no subject line, finishes up
return;
}
}
// Gets the draft Gmail message to use as a template
const emailTemplate = getGmailTemplateFromDrafts_(subjectLine);
// Gets the data from the passed sheet
const dataRange = sheet.getDataRange();
// Fetches displayed values for each row in the Range HT Andrew Roberts
// https://mashe.hawksey.info/2020/04/a-bulk-email-mail-merge-with-gmail-and-google-sheets-solution-evolution-using-v8/#comment-187490
// @see https://developers.google.com/apps-script/reference/spreadsheet/range#getdisplayvalues
const data = dataRange.getDisplayValues();
// Assumes row 1 contains our column headings
const heads = data.shift();
// Gets the index of the column named 'Email Status' (Assumes header names are unique)
// @see http://ramblings.mcpher.com/Home/excelquirks/gooscript/arrayfunctions
const emailSentColIdx = heads.indexOf(EMAIL_SENT_COL);
// Converts 2d array into an object array
// See https://stackoverflow.com/a/22917499/1027723
// For a pretty version, see https://mashe.hawksey.info/?p=17869/#comment-184945
const obj = data.map(r => (heads.reduce((o, k, i) => (o[k] = r[i] || '', o), {})));
// Creates an array to record sent emails
const out = [];
// Loops through all the rows of data
obj.forEach(function(row, rowIdx){
// Only sends emails if email_sent cell is blank and not hidden by a filter
if (row[EMAIL_SENT_COL] == ''){
try {
const msgObj = fillInTemplateFromObject_(emailTemplate.message, row);
// See https://developers.google.com/apps-script/reference/gmail/gmail-app#sendEmail(String,String,String,Object)
// If you need to send emails with unicode/emoji characters change GmailApp for MailApp
// Uncomment advanced parameters as needed (see docs for limitations)
GmailApp.sendEmail(row[RECIPIENT_COL], msgObj.subject, msgObj.text, {
htmlBody: msgObj.html,
// bcc: 'a.bcc@email.com',
// cc: 'a.cc@email.com',
// from: 'an.alias@email.com',
// name: 'name of the sender',
// replyTo: 'a.reply@email.com',
// noReply: true, // if the email should be sent from a generic no-reply email address (not available to gmail.com users)
attachments: emailTemplate.attachments,
inlineImages: emailTemplate.inlineImages
});
// Edits cell to record email sent date
out.push([new Date()]);
} catch(e) {
// modify cell to record error
out.push([e.message]);
}
} else {
out.push([row[EMAIL_SENT_COL]]);
}
});
// Updates the sheet with new data
sheet.getRange(2, emailSentColIdx+1, out.length).setValues(out);
/**
* Get a Gmail draft message by matching the subject line.
* @param {string} subject_line to search for draft message
* @return {object} containing the subject, plain and html message body and attachments
*/
function getGmailTemplateFromDrafts_(subject_line){
try {
// get drafts
const drafts = GmailApp.getDrafts();
// filter the drafts that match subject line
const draft = drafts.filter(subjectFilter_(subject_line))[0];
// get the message object
const msg = draft.getMessage();
// Handles inline images and attachments so they can be included in the merge
// Based on https://stackoverflow.com/a/65813881/1027723
// Gets all attachments and inline image attachments
const allInlineImages = draft.getMessage().getAttachments({includeInlineImages: true,includeAttachments:false});
const attachments = draft.getMessage().getAttachments({includeInlineImages: false});
const htmlBody = msg.getBody();
// Creates an inline image object with the image name as key
// (can't rely on image index as array based on insert order)
const img_obj = allInlineImages.reduce((obj, i) => (obj[i.getName()] = i, obj) ,{});
//Regexp searches for all img string positions with cid
const imgexp = RegExp('<img.*?src="cid:(.*?)".*?alt="(.*?)"[^\>]+>', 'g');
const matches = [...htmlBody.matchAll(imgexp)];
//Initiates the allInlineImages object
const inlineImagesObj = {};
// built an inlineImagesObj from inline image matches
matches.forEach(match => inlineImagesObj[match[1]] = img_obj[match[2]]);
return {message: {subject: subject_line, text: msg.getPlainBody(), html:htmlBody},
attachments: attachments, inlineImages: inlineImagesObj };
} catch(e) {
throw new Error("Oops - can't find Gmail draft");
}
/**
* Filter draft objects with the matching subject linemessage by matching the subject line.
* @param {string} subject_line to search for draft message
* @return {object} GmailDraft object
*/
function subjectFilter_(subject_line){
return function(element) {
if (element.getMessage().getSubject() === subject_line) {
return element;
}
}
}
}
/**
* Fill template string with data object
* @see https://stackoverflow.com/a/378000/1027723
* @param {string} template string containing {{}} markers which are replaced with data
* @param {object} data object used to replace {{}} markers
* @return {object} message replaced with data
*/
function fillInTemplateFromObject_(template, data) {
// We have two templates one for plain text and the html body
// Stringifing the object means we can do a global replace
let template_string = JSON.stringify(template);
// Token replacement
template_string = template_string.replace(/{{[^{}]+}}/g, key => {
return escapeData_(data[key.replace(/[{}]+/g, "")] || "");
});
return JSON.parse(template_string);
}
/**
* Escape cell data to make JSON safe
* @see https://stackoverflow.com/a/9204218/1027723
* @param {string} str to escape JSON special characters from
* @return {string} escaped string
*/
function escapeData_(str) {
return str
.replace(/[\\]/g, '\\\\')
.replace(/[\"]/g, '\\\"')
.replace(/[\/]/g, '\\/')
.replace(/[\b]/g, '\\b')
.replace(/[\f]/g, '\\f')
.replace(/[\n]/g, '\\n')
.replace(/[\r]/g, '\\r')
.replace(/[\t]/g, '\\t');
};
}
修正規則
您可以根據需求,視需要編輯自動合併郵件功能。
你可以視需要變更原始碼,
新增密件副本、副本、回覆或寄件者電子郵件參數
程式碼範例包含許多其他參數 (目前已有註解),可讓您控制要寄出電子郵件的帳戶名稱、回覆電子郵件地址,以及密件副本和副本的電子郵件地址。
移除每個參數前方的正斜線 //
,即可啟用您要新增的參數。
以下範例顯示 sendEmails
函式的摘錄內容,可啟用大多數電子郵件參數:
GmailApp.sendEmail(row[RECIPIENT_COL], msgObj.subject, msgObj.text, {
htmlBody: msgObj.html,
bcc: 'bcc@example.com',
cc: 'cc@example.com',
from: 'from.alias@example.com',
name: 'name of the sender',
replyTo: 'reply@example.com',
// noReply: true, // if the email should be sent from a generic no-reply email address (not available to gmail.com users)
在上述範例中,由於 replyTo
參數已設定,因此 noReply
參數仍會加註。
在電子郵件中加入萬國碼 (Unicode) 字元
如要在電子郵件中加入 Unicode 字元 (例如表情符號),則必須更新程式碼,使用郵件服務,而非 Gmail 服務。
在程式碼範例中,更新以下這行內容:
GmailApp.sendEmail(row[RECIPIENT_COL], msgObj.subject, msgObj.text, {
將這一行替換為以下程式碼:
MailApp.sendEmail(row[RECIPIENT_COL], msgObj.subject, msgObj.text, {
協作者
此範例是由愛丁堡未來研究所 (Edinburgh Futures Institute)、網誌作者和 Google 開發人員專家的學習設計與技術主管 Martin Hawksey 所建立。
這個範例是由 Google 在 Google Developers 專家的協助下維護。
後續步驟