编码级别：中级
时长：15 分钟
项目类型：使用基于时间的触发器的自动化操作
目标
- 了解该解决方案的用途。
- 了解 Apps Script 服务在解决方案中的作用。
- 设置脚本。
- 运行脚本。
关于此解决方案
将 CSV 文件中的数据自动导入到一个 Google 表格电子表格中。 如果您要处理结构类似的多个 CSV 文件，可以使用此解决方案将数据集中到 Google 表格中。
工作原理
该脚本每天根据一个定时触发器运行。它会遍历指定文件夹中的 CSV 文件，并将每个文件的数据添加到一个电子表格中。默认情况下，该脚本会先移除每个 CSV 数据集的标题行，然后再将数据添加到表格的最后一行。此外，它还会发送一封摘要电子邮件，在其中列出已导入的文件，并将这些文件移至其他文件夹，以免出现重复处理的情况。
该脚本还包含用于设置示例 CSV 文件以演示此解决方案的函数。
Apps Script 服务
此解决方案使用以下服务：
- 脚本服务 - 创建基于时间的触发器。
- 云端硬盘服务 - 获取脚本用于存储已处理和未处理 CSV 文件的文件夹，如果这些文件夹不存在，则创建这些文件夹。获取要添加到摘要电子邮件中的 Apps 脚本项目网址。
- 电子表格服务 - 获取脚本将每个 CSV 文件中的数据添加到的电子表格。
- 基本服务 - 使用
Session类获取用户的电子邮件地址和脚本的时区。- 用户取决于运行脚本的用户。由于脚本是根据时间驱动型触发器运行的，因此用户被定义为创建触发器的人员。
- 该脚本会使用时区将脚本运行的日期和时间添加到摘要电子邮件中。
- 实用程序服务 - 将每个 CSV 文件解析为数组。设置脚本添加到摘要电子邮件中的日期的格式。
- 邮件服务 - 在 CSV 文件中的数据导入电子表格后，发送摘要电子邮件。
前提条件
如需使用此示例，您需要满足以下前提条件：
- Google 账号（Google Workspace 账号可能需要管理员批准）。
- 一个能够访问互联网的网络浏览器。
设置脚本
- 点击以下按钮，打开导入 CSV 数据 Apps 脚本项目。
打开项目 - 点击概览 info_outline。
- 在概览页面上，点击“复制”图标
。
运行脚本
- 在复制的 Apps Script 项目中，前往 SetupSample.gs 文件。
- 在函数下拉菜单中，选择 setupSample，然后点击 Run。此函数会创建基于时间的触发器、CSV 文件、电子表格以及脚本成功运行所需的文件夹。
根据提示为脚本授权。如果 OAuth 意见征求界面显示此应用未经验证警告，请依次选择高级 > 前往 {Project Name}（不安全）以继续操作。
如需在设置完成后查看基于时间的触发器，请点击触发器 alarm。
如需查看创建的文件，请在 Google 云端硬盘中打开 [Apps 脚本示例]导入 CSV 文件文件夹。
切换回 Apps 脚本项目，然后在编辑器中，前往 Code.gs 文件。
在函数下拉菜单中，选择 updateApplicationSheet，然后点击 Run。
如需查看包含导入数据的电子表格链接的摘要电子邮件，请查看您的电子邮件收件箱。
（可选）重置解决方案
您可以重置解决方案，以使用自己的数据对其进行更新，也可以重试演示。
- 在 Apps 脚本项目中，前往 SetupSample.gs 文件。
- 在函数下拉菜单中，选择 removeSample，然后点击 Run。此函数会删除上一部分中创建的触发器、文件和文件夹。
查看代码
如需查看此解决方案的 Apps 脚本代码，请点击下方的查看源代码：
查看源代码
Code.gs
solutions/automations/import-csv-sheets/Code.js
// To learn more about this script, refer to the documentation:
// https://developers.google.com/apps-script/samples/automations/import-csv-sheets
/*
Copyright 2022 Google LLC
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/
/**
* This file contains the main functions that import data from CSV files into a Google Spreadsheet.
*/
// Application constants
const APP_TITLE = 'Trigger-driven CSV import [App Script Sample]'; // Application name
const APP_FOLDER = '[App Script sample] Import CSVs'; // Application primary folder
const SOURCE_FOLDER = 'Inbound CSV Files'; // Folder for the update files.
const PROCESSED_FOLDER = 'Processed CSV Files'; // Folder to hold processed files.
const SHEET_REPORT_NAME = 'Import CSVs'; // Name of destination spreadsheet.
// Application settings
const CSV_HEADER_EXIST = true; // Set to true if CSV files have a header row, false if not.
const HANDLER_FUNCTION = 'updateApplicationSheet'; // Function called by installable trigger to run data processing.
/**
* Installs a time-driven trigger that runs daily to import CSVs into the main application spreadsheet.
* Prior to creating a new instance, removes any existing triggers to avoid duplication.
*
* Called by setupSample() or run directly setting up the application.
*/
function installTrigger() {
// Checks for an existing trigger to avoid creating duplicate instances.
// Removes existing if found.
const projectTriggers = ScriptApp.getProjectTriggers();
for (var i = 0; i < projectTriggers.length; i++) {
if (projectTriggers[i].getHandlerFunction() == HANDLER_FUNCTION) {
console.log(`Existing trigger with Handler Function of '${HANDLER_FUNCTION}' removed.`);
ScriptApp.deleteTrigger(projectTriggers[i]);
}
}
// Creates the new trigger.
let newTrigger = ScriptApp.newTrigger(HANDLER_FUNCTION)
.timeBased()
.atHour(23) // Runs at 11 PM in the time zone of this script.
.everyDays(1) // Runs once per day.
.create();
console.log(`New trigger with Handler Function of '${HANDLER_FUNCTION}' created.`);
}
/**
* Handler function called by the trigger created with the "installTrigger" function.
* Run this directly to execute the entire automation process of the application with a trigger.
*
* Process: Iterates through CSV files located in the source folder (SOURCE_FOLDER),
* and appends them to the end of destination spreadsheet (SHEET_REPORT_NAME).
* Successfully processed CSV files are moved to the processed folder (PROCESSED_FOLDER) to avoid duplication.
* Sends summary email with status of the import.
*/
function updateApplicationSheet() {
// Gets application & supporting folders.
const folderAppPrimary = getApplicationFolder_(APP_FOLDER);
const folderSource = getFolder_(SOURCE_FOLDER);
const folderProcessed = getFolder_(PROCESSED_FOLDER);
// Gets the application's destination spreadsheet {Spreadsheet object}
let objSpreadSheet = getSpreadSheet_(SHEET_REPORT_NAME, folderAppPrimary)
// Creates arrays to track every CSV file, categorized as processed sucessfully or not.
let filesProcessed = [];
let filesNotProcessed = [];
// Gets all CSV files found in the source folder.
let cvsFiles = folderSource.getFilesByType(MimeType.CSV);
// Iterates through each CSV file.
while (cvsFiles.hasNext()) {
let csvFile = cvsFiles.next();
let isSuccess;
// Appends the unprocessed CSV data into the Google Sheets spreadsheet.
isSuccess = processCsv_(objSpreadSheet, csvFile);
if (isSuccess) {
// Moves the processed file to the processed folder to prevent future duplicate data imports.
csvFile.moveTo(folderProcessed);
// Logs the successfully processed file to the filesProcessed array.
filesProcessed.push(csvFile.getName());
console.log(`Successfully processed: ${csvFile.getName()}`);
} else if (!isSuccess) {
// Doesn't move the unsuccesfully processed file so that it can be corrected and reprocessed later.
// Logs the unsuccessfully processed file to the filesNotProcessed array.
filesNotProcessed.push(csvFile.getName());
console.log(`Not processed: ${csvFile.getName()}`);
}
}
// Prepares summary email.
// Gets variables to link to this Apps Script project.
const scriptId = ScriptApp.getScriptId();
const scriptUrl = DriveApp.getFileById(scriptId).getUrl();
const scriptName = DriveApp.getFileById(scriptId).getName();
// Gets variables to link to the main application spreadsheet.
const sheetUrl = objSpreadSheet.getUrl()
const sheetName = objSpreadSheet.getName()
// Gets user email and timestamp.
const emailTo = Session.getEffectiveUser().getEmail();
const timestamp = Utilities.formatDate(new Date(), Session.getScriptTimeZone(), "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss zzzz");
// Prepares lists and counts of processed CSV files.
let processedList = "";
const processedCount = filesProcessed.length
for (const processed of filesProcessed) {
processedList += processed + '<br>'
};
const unProcessedCount = filesNotProcessed.length
let unProcessedList = "";
for (const unProcessed of filesNotProcessed) {
unProcessedList += unProcessed + '\n'
};
// Assembles email body as html.
const eMailBody = `${APP_TITLE} ran an automated process at ${timestamp}.<br><br>` +
`<b>Files successfully updated:</b> ${processedCount}<br>` +
`${processedList}<br>` +
`<b>Files not updated:</b> ${unProcessedCount}<br>` +
`${unProcessedList}<br>` +
`<br>View all updates in the Google Sheets spreadsheet ` +
`<b><a href= "${sheetUrl}" target=\"_blank\">${sheetName}</a></b>.<br>` +
`<br>*************<br>` +
`<br>This email was generated by Google Apps Script. ` +
`To learn more about this application or make changes, open the script project below: <br>` +
`<a href= "${scriptUrl}" target=\"_blank\">${scriptName}</a>`
MailApp.sendEmail({
to: emailTo,
subject: `Automated email from ${APP_TITLE}`,
htmlBody: eMailBody
});
console.log(`Email sent to ${emailTo}`);
}
/**
* Parses CSV data into an array and appends it after the last row in the destination spreadsheet.
*
* @return {boolean} true if the update is successful, false if unexpected errors occur.
*/
function processCsv_(objSpreadSheet, csvFile) {
try {
// Gets the first sheet of the destination spreadsheet.
let sheet = objSpreadSheet.getSheets()[0];
// Parses CSV file into data array.
let data = Utilities.parseCsv(csvFile.getBlob().getDataAsString());
// Omits header row if application variable CSV_HEADER_EXIST is set to 'true'.
if (CSV_HEADER_EXIST) {
data.splice(0, 1);
}
// Gets the row and column coordinates for next available range in the spreadsheet.
let startRow = sheet.getLastRow() + 1;
let startCol = 1;
// Determines the incoming data size.
let numRows = data.length;
let numColumns = data[0].length;
// Appends data into the sheet.
sheet.getRange(startRow, startCol, numRows, numColumns).setValues(data);
return true; // Success.
} catch {
return false; // Failure. Checks for CSV data file error.
}
}
SampleData.gs
solutions/automations/import-csv-sheets/SampleData.js
/**
* Copyright 2022 Google LLC
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
/**
* This file contains functions to access headings and data for sample files.
*
* Sample data is stored in the variable SAMPLE_DATA.
*/
// Fictitious sample data.
const SAMPLE_DATA = {
"headings": [
"PropertyName",
"LeaseID",
"LeaseLocation",
"OwnerName",
"SquareFootage",
"RenewDate",
"LastAmount",
"LastPaymentDate",
"Revenue"
],
"csvFiles": [
{
"name": "Sample One.CSV",
"rows": [
{
"PropertyName": "The Modern Building",
"LeaseID": "271312",
"LeaseLocation": "Mountain View CA 94045",
"OwnerName": "Yuri",
"SquareFootage": "17500",
"RenewDate": "12/15/2022",
"LastAmount": "100000",
"LastPaymentDate": "3/01/2022",
"Revenue": "12000"
},
{
"PropertyName": "Garage @ 45",
"LeaseID": "271320",
"LeaseLocation": "Mountain View CA 94045",
"OwnerName": "Luka",
"SquareFootage": "1000",
"RenewDate": "6/2/2022",
"LastAmount": "50000",
"LastPaymentDate": "4/01/2022",
"Revenue": "20000"
},
{
"PropertyName": "Office Park Deluxe",
"LeaseID": "271301",
"LeaseLocation": "Mountain View CA 94045",
"OwnerName": "Sasha",
"SquareFootage": "5000",
"RenewDate": "6/2/2022",
"LastAmount": "25000",
"LastPaymentDate": "4/01/2022",
"Revenue": "1200"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Sample Two.CSV",
"rows": [
{
"PropertyName": "Tours Jumelles Minuscules",
"LeaseID": "271260",
"LeaseLocation": "8 Rue du Nom Fictif 341 Paris",
"OwnerName": "Lucian",
"SquareFootage": "1000000",
"RenewDate": "7/14/2022",
"LastAmount": "1250000",
"LastPaymentDate": "5/01/2022",
"Revenue": "77777"
},
{
"PropertyName": "Barraca da Praia",
"LeaseID": "271281",
"LeaseLocation": "Avenida da Pastelaria 1903 Lisbon 1229-076",
"OwnerName": "Raha",
"SquareFootage": "1000",
"RenewDate": "6/2/2022",
"LastAmount": "50000",
"LastPaymentDate": "4/01/2022",
"Revenue": "20000"
}
]
},
{
"name": "Sample Three.CSV",
"rows": [
{
"PropertyName": "Round Building in the Square",
"LeaseID": "371260",
"LeaseLocation": "8 Rue du Nom Fictif 341 Paris",
"OwnerName": "Charlie",
"SquareFootage": "75000",
"RenewDate": "8/1/2022",
"LastAmount": "250000",
"LastPaymentDate": "6/01/2022",
"Revenue": "22222"
},
{
"PropertyName": "Square Building in the Round",
"LeaseID": "371281",
"LeaseLocation": "Avenida da Pastelaria 1903 Lisbon 1229-076",
"OwnerName": "Lee",
"SquareFootage": "10000",
"RenewDate": "6/2/2022",
"LastAmount": "5000",
"LastPaymentDate": "4/01/2022",
"Revenue": "1800"
}
]
}
]
}
/**
* Returns headings for use in destination spreadsheet and CSV files.
* @return {string[][]} array of each column heading as string.
*/
function getHeadings() {
let headings = [[]];
for (let i in SAMPLE_DATA.headings)
headings[0].push(SAMPLE_DATA.headings[i]);
return (headings)
}
/**
* Returns CSV file names and content to create sample CSV files.
* @return {object[]} {"file": ["name","csv"]}
*/
function getCSVFilesData() {
let files = [];
// Gets headings once - same for all files/rows.
let csvHeadings = "";
for (let i in SAMPLE_DATA.headings)
csvHeadings += (SAMPLE_DATA.headings[i] + ',');
// Gets data for each file by rows.
for (let i in SAMPLE_DATA.csvFiles) {
let sampleCSV = "";
sampleCSV += csvHeadings;
let fileName = SAMPLE_DATA.csvFiles[i].name
for (let j in SAMPLE_DATA.csvFiles[i].rows) {
sampleCSV += '\n'
for (let k in SAMPLE_DATA.csvFiles[i].rows[j]) {
sampleCSV += SAMPLE_DATA.csvFiles[i].rows[j][k] + ','
}
}
files.push({ name: fileName, csv: sampleCSV })
}
return (files)
}
/*
* Checks data functions are working as necessary.
*/
function test_getHeadings() {
let h = getHeadings()
console.log(h);
console.log(h[0].length);
}
function test_getCSVFilesData() {
const csvFiles = getCSVFilesData();
console.log(csvFiles)
for (const file of csvFiles) {
console.log(file.name)
console.log(file.csv)
}
}
SetupSample.gs
solutions/automations/import-csv-sheets/SetupSample.js
/**
* Copyright 2022 Google LLC
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
/**
* This file contains functions that set up the folders and sample files used to demo the application.
*
* Sample data for the application is stored in the SampleData.gs file.
*/
// Global variables for sample setup.
const INCLUDE_SAMPLE_DATA_FILES = true; // Set to true to create sample data files, false to skip.
/**
* Runs the setup for the sample.
* 1) Creates the application folder and subfolders for unprocessed/processed CSV files.
* from global variables APP_FOLDER | SOURCE_FOLDER | PROCESSED_FOLDER
* 2) Creates the sample Sheets spreadsheet in the application folder.
* from global variable SHEET_REPORT_NAME
* 3) Creates CSV files from sample data in the unprocessed files folder.
* from variable SAMPLE_DATA in SampleData.gs.
* 4) Creates an installable trigger to run process automatically at a specified time interval.
*/
function setupSample() {
console.log(`Application setup for: ${APP_TITLE}`)
// Creates application folder.
const folderAppPrimary = getApplicationFolder_(APP_FOLDER);
// Creates supporting folders.
const folderSource = getFolder_(SOURCE_FOLDER);
const folderProcessed = getFolder_(PROCESSED_FOLDER);
console.log(`Application folders: ${folderAppPrimary.getName()}, ${folderSource.getName()}, ${folderProcessed.getName()}`)
if (INCLUDE_SAMPLE_DATA_FILES) {
// Sets up primary destination spreadsheet
const sheet = setupPrimarySpreadsheet_(folderAppPrimary);
// Gets the CSV files data - refer to the SampleData.gs file to view.
const csvFiles = getCSVFilesData();
// Processes each CSV file.
for (const file of csvFiles) {
// Creates CSV file in source folder if it doesn't exist.
if (!fileExists_(file.name, folderSource)) {
let csvFileId = DriveApp.createFile(file.name, file.csv, MimeType.CSV);
console.log(`Created Sample CSV: ${file.name}`)
csvFileId.moveTo(folderSource);
}
}
}
// Installs (or recreates) project trigger
installTrigger()
console.log(`Setup completed for: ${APP_TITLE}`)
}
/**
*
*/
function setupPrimarySpreadsheet_(folderAppPrimary) {
// Creates the report destination spreadsheet if doesn't exist.
if (!fileExists_(SHEET_REPORT_NAME, folderAppPrimary)) {
// Creates new destination spreadsheet (report) with cell size of 20 x 10.
const sheet = SpreadsheetApp.create(SHEET_REPORT_NAME, 20, 10);
// Adds the sample data headings.
let sheetHeadings = getHeadings();
sheet.getSheets()[0].getRange(1, 1, 1, sheetHeadings[0].length).setValues(sheetHeadings);
SpreadsheetApp.flush();
// Moves to primary application root folder.
DriveApp.getFileById(sheet.getId()).moveTo(folderAppPrimary)
console.log(`Created file: ${SHEET_REPORT_NAME} In folder: ${folderAppPrimary.getName()}.`)
return sheet;
}
}
/**
* Moves sample content to Drive trash & uninstalls trigger.
* This function removes all folders and content related to this application.
*/
function removeSample() {
getApplicationFolder_(APP_FOLDER).setTrashed(true);
console.log(`'${APP_FOLDER}' contents have been moved to Drive Trash folder.`)
// Removes existing trigger if found.
const projectTriggers = ScriptApp.getProjectTriggers();
for (var i = 0; i < projectTriggers.length; i++) {
if (projectTriggers[i].getHandlerFunction() == HANDLER_FUNCTION) {
console.log(`Existing trigger with handler function of '${HANDLER_FUNCTION}' removed.`);
ScriptApp.deleteTrigger(projectTriggers[i]);
}
}
}
Utilities.gs
solutions/automations/import-csv-sheets/Utilities.js
/**
* Copyright 2022 Google LLC
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
/**
* This file contains utility functions that work with application's folder and files.
*/
/**
* Gets application destination spreadsheet from a given folder
* Returns new sample version if orignal is not found.
*
* @param {string} fileName - Name of the file to test for.
* @param {object} objFolder - Folder object in which to search.
* @return {object} Spreadsheet object.
*/
function getSpreadSheet_(fileName, objFolder) {
let files = objFolder.getFilesByName(fileName);
while (files.hasNext()) {
let file = files.next();
let fileId = file.getId();
const existingSpreadsheet = SpreadsheetApp.openById(fileId);
return existingSpreadsheet;
}
// If application destination spreadsheet is missing, creates a new sample version.
const folderAppPrimary = getApplicationFolder_(APP_FOLDER);
const sampleSheet = setupPrimarySpreadsheet_(folderAppPrimary);
return sampleSheet;
}
/**
* Tests if a file exists within a given folder.
*
* @param {string} fileName - Name of the file to test for.
* @param {object} objFolder - Folder object in which to search.
* @return {boolean} true if found in folder, false if not.
*/
function fileExists_(fileName, objFolder) {
let files = objFolder.getFilesByName(fileName);
while (files.hasNext()) {
let file = files.next();
console.log(`${file.getName()} already exists.`)
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* Returns folder named in folderName parameter.
* Checks if folder already exists, creates it if it doesn't.
*
* @param {string} folderName - Name of the Drive folder.
* @return {object} Google Drive Folder
*/
function getFolder_(folderName) {
// Gets the primary folder for the application.
const parentFolder = getApplicationFolder_();
// Iterates subfolders to check if folder already exists.
const subFolders = parentFolder.getFolders();
while (subFolders.hasNext()) {
let folder = subFolders.next();
// Returns the existing folder if found.
if (folder.getName() === folderName) {
return folder;
}
}
// Creates a new folder if one doesn't already exist.
return parentFolder.createFolder(folderName)
.setDescription(`Supporting folder created by ${APP_TITLE}.`);
}
/**
* Returns the primary folder as named by the APP_FOLDER variable in the Code.gs file.
* Checks if folder already exists to avoid duplication.
* Creates new instance if existing folder not found.
*
* @return {object} Google Drive Folder
*/
function getApplicationFolder_() {
// Gets root folder, currently set to 'My Drive'
const parentFolder = DriveApp.getRootFolder();
// Iterates through the subfolders to check if folder already exists.
const subFolders = parentFolder.getFolders();
while (subFolders.hasNext()) {
let folder = subFolders.next();
// Returns the existing folder if found.
if (folder.getName() === APP_FOLDER) {
return folder;
}
}
// Creates a new folder if one doesn't already exist.
return parentFolder.createFolder(APP_FOLDER)
.setDescription(`Main application folder created by ${APP_TITLE}.`);
}
/**
* Tests getApplicationFolder_ and getFolder_
* @logs details of created Google Drive folder.
*/
function test_getFolderByName() {
let folder = getApplicationFolder_()
console.log(`Name: ${folder.getName()}\rID: ${folder.getId()}\rURL:${folder.getUrl()}\rDescription: ${folder.getDescription()}`)
// Uncomment the following to automatically delete test folder.
// folder.setTrashed(true);
folder = getFolder_(SOURCE_FOLDER);
console.log(`Name: ${folder.getName()}\rID: ${folder.getId()}\rURL:${folder.getUrl()}\rDescription: ${folder.getDescription()}`)
// Uncomment the following to automatically delete test folder.
// folder.setTrashed(true);
folder = getFolder_(PROCESSED_FOLDER);
console.log(`Name: ${folder.getName()}\rID: ${folder.getId()}\rURL:${folder.getUrl()}\rDescription: ${folder.getDescription()}`)
// Uncomment the following to automatically delete test folder.
// folder.setTrashed(true);
}
贡献者
此示例由 Google 维护，并由 Google 开发者专家提供帮助。