使用 Gmail 和 Google 表格创建邮件合并

编码级别:初级
时长:10 分钟(
项目类型:使用自定义菜单实现自动化

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目标

  • 了解此解决方案的用途。
  • 了解 Apps 脚本服务在 解决方案。
  • 设置脚本。
  • 运行脚本。

关于此解决方案

使用 Google 表格中的数据自动填充电子邮件模板。通过 系统会通过您的 Gmail 账号发送电子邮件,以便您能够回复 收件人回复。

重要提示:此邮件合并示例受所述电子邮件限制的约束 Google 服务的配额部分。

邮件合并示例

工作原理

您创建了 Gmail 草稿模板 对应于 Google 表格电子表格中的数据。每个列标题 表示占位符标记。脚本会将 每个占位符从电子表格映射到相应占位符的位置。 占位符标记。

Apps 脚本服务

此解决方案使用以下服务:

前提条件

如需使用此示例,您需要满足以下前提条件:

  • Google 账号(Google Workspace 账号可能 需要管理员批准)。
  • 可以访问互联网的网络浏览器。

设置脚本

创建 Apps 脚本项目

  1. 点击以下按钮,复制 Gmail/表格邮件合并电子表格示例。 此 API 的 Apps 脚本项目 解决方案。
    复制
  2. 在复制的电子表格中,将“收件人”列更新为“电子邮件地址” 您想要在邮件合并中使用的地址。
  3. (可选)添加、修改或移除列,以自定义您需要的数据 添加到电子邮件模板中。

如果您更改收件人电子邮件 已发送列,则必须更新 Apps 脚本项目。您可以打开 Apps 脚本 从电子表格中创建项目的 点击扩展程序 > Apps 脚本

创建电子邮件模板

  1. 在您的 Gmail 账号中,创建电子邮件草稿。添加数据 从 电子表格,请使用与列名称对应的占位符 用大括号括起来,如 {{First name}}
    • 如果您为电子邮件中的文本设置了格式,则还必须设置占位符的格式 括号。
    • 占位符区分大小写,而且必须与列标题完全匹配。
  2. 复制电子邮件草稿的主题行。

运行脚本

  1. 在电子表格中,点击 Mail Merge(邮件合并)> 发送电子邮件。您可能需要刷新此自定义菜单的页面 。
  2. 出现提示时,为脚本授权。 如果 OAuth 同意屏幕显示以下警告:“此应用未经验证”, 选择高级 > 以继续操作 前往“{Project Name}”(不安全)

  3. 点击 Mail Merge(邮件合并)> Send Email(发送电子邮件) 。

  4. 粘贴电子邮件模板的主题行,然后点击确定

如果您对工作表应用了过滤器,脚本仍会通过电子邮件 但不会添加时间戳。

查看代码

如需查看此解决方案的 Apps 脚本代码,请点击 下面查看源代码

查看源代码

Code.gs

solutions/automations/mail-merge/Code.js
// To learn how to use this script, refer to the documentation:
// https://developers.google.com/apps-script/samples/automations/mail-merge

/*
Copyright 2022 Martin Hawksey

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

/**
 * @OnlyCurrentDoc
*/

/**
 * Change these to match the column names you are using for email 
 * recipient addresses and email sent column.
*/
const RECIPIENT_COL  = "Recipient";
const EMAIL_SENT_COL = "Email Sent";

/** 
 * Creates the menu item "Mail Merge" for user to run scripts on drop-down.
 */
function onOpen() {
  const ui = SpreadsheetApp.getUi();
  ui.createMenu('Mail Merge')
      .addItem('Send Emails', 'sendEmails')
      .addToUi();
}

/**
 * Sends emails from sheet data.
 * @param {string} subjectLine (optional) for the email draft message
 * @param {Sheet} sheet to read data from
*/
function sendEmails(subjectLine, sheet=SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSheet()) {
  // option to skip browser prompt if you want to use this code in other projects
  if (!subjectLine){
    subjectLine = Browser.inputBox("Mail Merge", 
                                      "Type or copy/paste the subject line of the Gmail " +
                                      "draft message you would like to mail merge with:",
                                      Browser.Buttons.OK_CANCEL);

    if (subjectLine === "cancel" || subjectLine == ""){ 
    // If no subject line, finishes up
    return;
    }
  }

  // Gets the draft Gmail message to use as a template
  const emailTemplate = getGmailTemplateFromDrafts_(subjectLine);

  // Gets the data from the passed sheet
  const dataRange = sheet.getDataRange();
  // Fetches displayed values for each row in the Range HT Andrew Roberts 
  // https://mashe.hawksey.info/2020/04/a-bulk-email-mail-merge-with-gmail-and-google-sheets-solution-evolution-using-v8/#comment-187490
  // @see https://developers.google.com/apps-script/reference/spreadsheet/range#getdisplayvalues
  const data = dataRange.getDisplayValues();

  // Assumes row 1 contains our column headings
  const heads = data.shift(); 

  // Gets the index of the column named 'Email Status' (Assumes header names are unique)
  // @see http://ramblings.mcpher.com/Home/excelquirks/gooscript/arrayfunctions
  const emailSentColIdx = heads.indexOf(EMAIL_SENT_COL);

  // Converts 2d array into an object array
  // See https://stackoverflow.com/a/22917499/1027723
  // For a pretty version, see https://mashe.hawksey.info/?p=17869/#comment-184945
  const obj = data.map(r => (heads.reduce((o, k, i) => (o[k] = r[i] || '', o), {})));

  // Creates an array to record sent emails
  const out = [];

  // Loops through all the rows of data
  obj.forEach(function(row, rowIdx){
    // Only sends emails if email_sent cell is blank and not hidden by a filter
    if (row[EMAIL_SENT_COL] == ''){
      try {
        const msgObj = fillInTemplateFromObject_(emailTemplate.message, row);

        // See https://developers.google.com/apps-script/reference/gmail/gmail-app#sendEmail(String,String,String,Object)
        // If you need to send emails with unicode/emoji characters change GmailApp for MailApp
        // Uncomment advanced parameters as needed (see docs for limitations)
        GmailApp.sendEmail(row[RECIPIENT_COL], msgObj.subject, msgObj.text, {
          htmlBody: msgObj.html,
          // bcc: 'a.bcc@email.com',
          // cc: 'a.cc@email.com',
          // from: 'an.alias@email.com',
          // name: 'name of the sender',
          // replyTo: 'a.reply@email.com',
          // noReply: true, // if the email should be sent from a generic no-reply email address (not available to gmail.com users)
          attachments: emailTemplate.attachments,
          inlineImages: emailTemplate.inlineImages
        });
        // Edits cell to record email sent date
        out.push([new Date()]);
      } catch(e) {
        // modify cell to record error
        out.push([e.message]);
      }
    } else {
      out.push([row[EMAIL_SENT_COL]]);
    }
  });

  // Updates the sheet with new data
  sheet.getRange(2, emailSentColIdx+1, out.length).setValues(out);

  /**
   * Get a Gmail draft message by matching the subject line.
   * @param {string} subject_line to search for draft message
   * @return {object} containing the subject, plain and html message body and attachments
  */
  function getGmailTemplateFromDrafts_(subject_line){
    try {
      // get drafts
      const drafts = GmailApp.getDrafts();
      // filter the drafts that match subject line
      const draft = drafts.filter(subjectFilter_(subject_line))[0];
      // get the message object
      const msg = draft.getMessage();

      // Handles inline images and attachments so they can be included in the merge
      // Based on https://stackoverflow.com/a/65813881/1027723
      // Gets all attachments and inline image attachments
      const allInlineImages = draft.getMessage().getAttachments({includeInlineImages: true,includeAttachments:false});
      const attachments = draft.getMessage().getAttachments({includeInlineImages: false});
      const htmlBody = msg.getBody(); 

      // Creates an inline image object with the image name as key 
      // (can't rely on image index as array based on insert order)
      const img_obj = allInlineImages.reduce((obj, i) => (obj[i.getName()] = i, obj) ,{});

      //Regexp searches for all img string positions with cid
      const imgexp = RegExp('<img.*?src="cid:(.*?)".*?alt="(.*?)"[^\>]+>', 'g');
      const matches = [...htmlBody.matchAll(imgexp)];

      //Initiates the allInlineImages object
      const inlineImagesObj = {};
      // built an inlineImagesObj from inline image matches
      matches.forEach(match => inlineImagesObj[match[1]] = img_obj[match[2]]);

      return {message: {subject: subject_line, text: msg.getPlainBody(), html:htmlBody}, 
              attachments: attachments, inlineImages: inlineImagesObj };
    } catch(e) {
      throw new Error("Oops - can't find Gmail draft");
    }

    /**
     * Filter draft objects with the matching subject linemessage by matching the subject line.
     * @param {string} subject_line to search for draft message
     * @return {object} GmailDraft object
    */
    function subjectFilter_(subject_line){
      return function(element) {
        if (element.getMessage().getSubject() === subject_line) {
          return element;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Fill template string with data object
   * @see https://stackoverflow.com/a/378000/1027723
   * @param {string} template string containing {{}} markers which are replaced with data
   * @param {object} data object used to replace {{}} markers
   * @return {object} message replaced with data
  */
  function fillInTemplateFromObject_(template, data) {
    // We have two templates one for plain text and the html body
    // Stringifing the object means we can do a global replace
    let template_string = JSON.stringify(template);

    // Token replacement
    template_string = template_string.replace(/{{[^{}]+}}/g, key => {
      return escapeData_(data[key.replace(/[{}]+/g, "")] || "");
    });
    return  JSON.parse(template_string);
  }

  /**
   * Escape cell data to make JSON safe
   * @see https://stackoverflow.com/a/9204218/1027723
   * @param {string} str to escape JSON special characters from
   * @return {string} escaped string
  */
  function escapeData_(str) {
    return str
      .replace(/[\\]/g, '\\\\')
      .replace(/[\"]/g, '\\\"')
      .replace(/[\/]/g, '\\/')
      .replace(/[\b]/g, '\\b')
      .replace(/[\f]/g, '\\f')
      .replace(/[\n]/g, '\\n')
      .replace(/[\r]/g, '\\r')
      .replace(/[\t]/g, '\\t');
  };
}

修改

您可以根据需要随意修改邮件合并自动化操作。 以下是您可以对源代码进行的一些可选更改。

添加“密送”、“抄送”、“回复”或“发件人”参数

示例代码包括许多其他参数,目前 这样,您就可以控制要发送电子邮件的账号的名称 发件人、回复电子邮件地址以及密送和抄送电子邮件地址。

移除正斜杠,激活要添加的参数 //

以下示例是 sendEmails 函数:

GmailApp.sendEmail(row[RECIPIENT_COL], msgObj.subject, msgObj.text, {
         htmlBody: msgObj.html,
         bcc: 'bcc@example.com',
         cc: 'cc@example.com',
         from: 'from.alias@example.com',
         name: 'name of the sender',
         replyTo: 'reply@example.com',
        // noReply: true, // if the email should be sent from a generic no-reply email address (not available to gmail.com users)

在上面的示例中,noReply 参数仍被注释掉 因为设置了 replyTo 参数。

在电子邮件中包含 Unicode 字符

如果您想在电子邮件中包含 Unicode 字符,例如表情符号,请按以下步骤操作: 必须更新代码才能使用邮件服务,而不是 Gmail 服务。

在示例代码中,更新以下行:

GmailApp.sendEmail(row[RECIPIENT_COL], msgObj.subject, msgObj.text, {

将该行替换为以下代码:

MailApp.sendEmail(row[RECIPIENT_COL], msgObj.subject, msgObj.text, {

贡献者

该样本由 Martin Hawksey(学习设计和技术主管) 爱丁堡期货研究所、博主和 Google 开发者专家。

  • 您可以在 Twitter (@mhawksey) 上联系 Martin。
  • 请阅读与马丁的 Google Apps 脚本相关的博文
  • 观看 Martin 的 YouTube 节目 Totally Unscripted

此示例由 Google 在 Google 开发者专家的帮助下进行维护。

后续步骤