编码级别：初级
时长：15 分钟
项目类型：使用基于时间的触发器的自动化操作
目标
- 了解该解决方案的用途。
- 了解 Apps Script 服务在解决方案中的作用。
- 设置脚本。
- 运行脚本。
关于此解决方案
共享的休假日历是一款非常有用的协作工具，任何人都可以一目了然地了解谁外出办公。借助此解决方案，您可以查看同事的外出时间，无需手动输入任何内容。
工作原理
此解决方案会根据 Google 群组中每个人的个人日历来填充共享的休假日历。当用户预约休假时，他们会使用“休假”或“外出”等关键字将活动添加到个人 Google 日历中。
该脚本每小时会扫描群组成员的日历，并将相应活动同步到共享日历。您可以更改脚本扫描新事件的频率。
此解决方案仅会访问您的同事通过其隐私设置向您公开的日历活动。
Apps Script 服务
此解决方案使用以下服务：
前提条件
如需使用此示例，您需要满足以下前提条件：
- Google 账号（Google Workspace 账号可能需要管理员批准）。
- 一个能够访问互联网的网络浏览器。
设置脚本
创建团队休假日历
- 打开 Google 日历。
- 创建一个名为“团队休假”的新日历。
- 在日历的设置中，点击集成日历下方的复制按钮，复制日历 ID。
创建 Apps 脚本项目
- 点击以下按钮打开 Vacation Calendar Apps 脚本项目。
打开项目
- 点击概览 info_outline。
- 在概览页面上，点击“复制”图标
。
- 在复制的 Apps Script 项目中，将变量
TEAM_CALENDAR_ID 设置为您之前创建的日历的 ID。
- 将变量
GROUP_EMAIL 设置为包含团队成员的 Google 群组的电子邮件地址。
- 点击“服务”旁边的“添加服务”图标 add。
- 选择 Google Calendar API，然后点击添加。
运行脚本
- 在复制的 Apps 脚本项目中，从函数下拉列表中选择 setup。
- 点击运行。
根据提示为脚本授权。如果 OAuth 意见征求界面显示此应用未经验证警告，请依次选择高级 >
前往 {Project Name}（不安全）以继续操作。
完成后，返回日历，确认“团队休假”日历中已填充活动。
查看代码
如需查看此解决方案的 Apps 脚本代码，请点击下方的查看源代码：
查看源代码
Code.gs
// To learn how to use this script, refer to the documentation:
// https://developers.google.com/apps-script/samples/automations/vacation-calendar
/*
Copyright 2022 Google LLC
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/
// Set the ID of the team calendar to add events to. You can find the calendar's
// ID on the settings page.
let TEAM_CALENDAR_ID = 'ENTER_TEAM_CALENDAR_ID_HERE';
// Set the email address of the Google Group that contains everyone in the team.
// Ensure the group has less than 500 members to avoid timeouts.
// Change to an array in order to add indirect members frrm multiple groups, for example:
// let GROUP_EMAIL = ['ENTER_GOOGLE_GROUP_EMAIL_HERE', 'ENTER_ANOTHER_GOOGLE_GROUP_EMAIL_HERE'];
let GROUP_EMAIL = 'ENTER_GOOGLE_GROUP_EMAIL_HERE';
let ONLY_DIRECT_MEMBERS = false;
let KEYWORDS = ['vacation', 'ooo', 'out of office', 'offline'];
let MONTHS_IN_ADVANCE = 3;
/**
* Sets up the script to run automatically every hour.
*/
function setup() {
let triggers = ScriptApp.getProjectTriggers();
if (triggers.length > 0) {
throw new Error('Triggers are already setup.');
}
ScriptApp.newTrigger('sync').timeBased().everyHours(1).create();
// Runs the first sync immediately.
sync();
}
/**
* Looks through the group members' public calendars and adds any
* 'vacation' or 'out of office' events to the team calendar.
*/
function sync() {
// Defines the calendar event date range to search.
let today = new Date();
let maxDate = new Date();
maxDate.setMonth(maxDate.getMonth() + MONTHS_IN_ADVANCE);
// Determines the time the the script was last run.
let lastRun = PropertiesService.getScriptProperties().getProperty('lastRun');
lastRun = lastRun ? new Date(lastRun) : null;
// Gets the list of users in the Google Group.
let users = getAllMembers(GROUP_EMAIL);
if (ONLY_DIRECT_MEMBERS){
users = GroupsApp.getGroupByEmail(GROUP_EMAIL).getUsers();
} else if (Array.isArray(GROUP_EMAIL)) {
users = getUsersFromGroups(GROUP_EMAIL);
}
// For each user, finds events having one or more of the keywords in the event
// summary in the specified date range. Imports each of those to the team
// calendar.
let count = 0;
users.forEach(function(user) {
let username = user.getEmail().split('@')[0];
KEYWORDS.forEach(function(keyword) {
let events = findEvents(user, keyword, today, maxDate, lastRun);
events.forEach(function(event) {
importEvent(username, event);
count++;
}); // End foreach event.
}); // End foreach keyword.
}); // End foreach user.
PropertiesService.getScriptProperties().setProperty('lastRun', today);
console.log('Imported ' + count + ' events');
}
/**
* Imports the given event from the user's calendar into the shared team
* calendar.
* @param {string} username The team member that is attending the event.
* @param {Calendar.Event} event The event to import.
*/
function importEvent(username, event) {
event.summary = '[' + username + '] ' + event.summary;
event.organizer = {
id: TEAM_CALENDAR_ID,
};
event.attendees = [];
// If the event is not of type 'default', it can't be imported, so it needs
// to be changed.
if (event.eventType != 'default') {
event.eventType = 'default';
delete event.outOfOfficeProperties;
delete event.focusTimeProperties;
}
console.log('Importing: %s', event.summary);
try {
Calendar.Events.import(event, TEAM_CALENDAR_ID);
} catch (e) {
console.error('Error attempting to import event: %s. Skipping.',
e.toString());
}
}
/**
* In a given user's calendar, looks for occurrences of the given keyword
* in events within the specified date range and returns any such events
* found.
* @param {Session.User} user The user to retrieve events for.
* @param {string} keyword The keyword to look for.
* @param {Date} start The starting date of the range to examine.
* @param {Date} end The ending date of the range to examine.
* @param {Date} optSince A date indicating the last time this script was run.
* @return {Calendar.Event[]} An array of calendar events.
*/
function findEvents(user, keyword, start, end, optSince) {
let params = {
q: keyword,
timeMin: formatDateAsRFC3339(start),
timeMax: formatDateAsRFC3339(end),
showDeleted: true,
};
if (optSince) {
// This prevents the script from examining events that have not been
// modified since the specified date (that is, the last time the
// script was run).
params.updatedMin = formatDateAsRFC3339(optSince);
}
let pageToken = null;
let events = [];
do {
params.pageToken = pageToken;
let response;
try {
response = Calendar.Events.list(user.getEmail(), params);
} catch (e) {
console.error('Error retriving events for %s, %s: %s; skipping',
user, keyword, e.toString());
continue;
}
events = events.concat(response.items.filter(function(item) {
return shouldImportEvent(user, keyword, item);
}));
pageToken = response.nextPageToken;
} while (pageToken);
return events;
}
/**
* Determines if the given event should be imported into the shared team
* calendar.
* @param {Session.User} user The user that is attending the event.
* @param {string} keyword The keyword being searched for.
* @param {Calendar.Event} event The event being considered.
* @return {boolean} True if the event should be imported.
*/
function shouldImportEvent(user, keyword, event) {
// Filters out events where the keyword did not appear in the summary
// (that is, the keyword appeared in a different field, and are thus
// is not likely to be relevant).
if (event.summary.toLowerCase().indexOf(keyword) < 0) {
return false;
}
if (!event.organizer || event.organizer.email == user.getEmail()) {
// If the user is the creator of the event, always imports it.
return true;
}
// Only imports events the user has accepted.
if (!event.attendees) return false;
let matching = event.attendees.filter(function(attendee) {
return attendee.self;
});
return matching.length > 0 && matching[0].responseStatus == 'accepted';
}
/**
* Returns an RFC3339 formated date String corresponding to the given
* Date object.
* @param {Date} date a Date.
* @return {string} a formatted date string.
*/
function formatDateAsRFC3339(date) {
return Utilities.formatDate(date, 'UTC', 'yyyy-MM-dd\'T\'HH:mm:ssZ');
}
/**
* Get both direct and indirect members (and delete duplicates).
* @param {string} the e-mail address of the group.
* @return {object} direct and indirect members.
*/
function getAllMembers(groupEmail) {
var group = GroupsApp.getGroupByEmail(groupEmail);
var users = group.getUsers();
var childGroups = group.getGroups();
for (var i = 0; i < childGroups.length; i++) {
var childGroup = childGroups[i];
users = users.concat(getAllMembers(childGroup.getEmail()));
}
// Remove duplicate members
var uniqueUsers = [];
var userEmails = {};
for (var i = 0; i < users.length; i++) {
var user = users[i];
if (!userEmails[user.getEmail()]) {
uniqueUsers.push(user);
userEmails[user.getEmail()] = true;
}
}
return uniqueUsers;
}
/**
* Get indirect members from multiple groups (and delete duplicates).
* @param {array} the e-mail addresses of multiple groups.
* @return {object} indirect members of multiple groups.
*/
function getUsersFromGroups(groupEmails) {
let users = [];
for (let groupEmail of groupEmails) {
let groupUsers = GroupsApp.getGroupByEmail(groupEmail).getUsers();
for (let user of groupUsers) {
if (!users.some(u => u.getEmail() === user.getEmail())) {
users.push(user);
}
}
}
return users;
}
修改
您可以根据需要随意修改团队休假日历自动化操作。下面是修改触发器的可选更改。
更改脚本扫描新事件的频率
如需更改脚本的运行频率，请按以下步骤操作：
- 在 Apps 脚本项目中，点击 Triggers（触发器）alarm。
- 点击触发器旁边的“修改触发器”图标 edit。
- 选择所做更改，然后点击保存。
贡献者
此示例由 Google 维护，并由 Google 开发者专家提供帮助。
后续步骤
