管理別名

「以別名傳送」別名代表帳戶可從中傳送郵件的電子郵件地址。每個帳戶至少都會有一個別名，代表帳戶的主要電子郵件地址。

寄件者身分別名對應於網頁介面中的「選擇寄件地址」功能。

別名也可用於管理帳戶的簽名。如要變更電子郵件簽名，您必須先瞭解「以別名傳送郵件」功能。上述影片說明如何逐一查看「以其他地址或別名傳送郵件」別名，並修改使用者主要電子郵件地址的簽名。

如要瞭解如何建立、列出、取得、更新或刪除別名，請參閱 SendAs 參考資料。

建立及驗證別名

您必須先建立別名，才能使用別名。在某些情況下，使用者也必須驗證別名的擁有權。

如果 Gmail 要求驗證別名使用者，系統會傳回狀態為 pending 的別名。系統會自動將驗證郵件傳送到目標電子郵件地址。電子郵件地址擁有者必須完成驗證程序，才能使用該地址。

不需要驗證的別名驗證狀態為 accepted。

如有需要，請使用 verify 方法重新傳送驗證要求。

SMTP 設定

外部地址的別名應透過遠端 SMTP 郵件傳送代理程式 (MSA) 傳送郵件。如要為別名設定 SMTP MSA，請使用 smtpMsa 欄位提供連線詳細資料。

管理簽名

您也可以為每個別名設定電子郵件簽名。舉例來說，如要為使用者的主要地址設定簽名檔，請執行下列操作：

Java

gmail/snippets/src/main/java/UpdateSignature.java
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.json.GoogleJsonError;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.json.GoogleJsonResponseException;
import com.google.api.client.http.HttpRequestInitializer;
import com.google.api.client.http.javanet.NetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.gson.GsonFactory;
import com.google.api.services.gmail.Gmail;
import com.google.api.services.gmail.GmailScopes;
import com.google.api.services.gmail.model.ListSendAsResponse;
import com.google.api.services.gmail.model.SendAs;
import com.google.auth.http.HttpCredentialsAdapter;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import java.io.IOException;

/* Class to demonstrate the use of Gmail Update Signature API */
public class UpdateSignature {
  /**
   * Update the gmail signature.
   *
   * @return the updated signature id , {@code null} otherwise.
   * @throws IOException - if service account credentials file not found.
   */
  public static String updateGmailSignature() throws IOException {
        /* Load pre-authorized user credentials from the environment.
           TODO(developer) - See https://developers.google.com/identity for
            guides on implementing OAuth2 for your application. */
    GoogleCredentials credentials = GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
        .createScoped(GmailScopes.GMAIL_SETTINGS_BASIC);
    HttpRequestInitializer requestInitializer = new HttpCredentialsAdapter(credentials);

    // Create the gmail API client
    Gmail service = new Gmail.Builder(new NetHttpTransport(),
        GsonFactory.getDefaultInstance(),
        requestInitializer)
        .setApplicationName("Gmail samples")
        .build();

    try {
      SendAs primaryAlias = null;
      ListSendAsResponse aliases = service.users().settings().sendAs().list("me").execute();
      for (SendAs alias : aliases.getSendAs()) {
        if (alias.getIsPrimary()) {
          primaryAlias = alias;
          break;
        }
      }
      // Updating a new signature
      SendAs aliasSettings = new SendAs().setSignature("Automated Signature");
      SendAs result = service.users().settings().sendAs().patch(
              "me",
              primaryAlias.getSendAsEmail(),
              aliasSettings)
          .execute();
      //Prints the updated signature
      System.out.println("Updated signature - " + result.getSignature());
      return result.getSignature();
    } catch (GoogleJsonResponseException e) {
      // TODO(developer) - handle error appropriately
      GoogleJsonError error = e.getDetails();
      if (error.getCode() == 403) {
        System.err.println("Unable to update signature: " + e.getDetails());
      } else {
        throw e;
      }
    }
    return null;
  }
}

Python

gmail/snippet/settings snippets/update_signature.py
import google.auth
from googleapiclient.discovery import build
from googleapiclient.errors import HttpError


def update_signature():
  """Create and update signature in gmail.
  Returns:Draft object, including updated signature.

  Load pre-authorized user credentials from the environment.
  TODO(developer) - See https://developers.google.com/identity
  for guides on implementing OAuth2 for the application.
  """
  creds, _ = google.auth.default()

  try:
    # create gmail api client
    service = build("gmail", "v1", credentials=creds)

    primary_alias = None

    # pylint: disable=E1101
    aliases = service.users().settings().sendAs().list(userId="me").execute()
    for alias in aliases.get("sendAs"):
      if alias.get("isPrimary"):
        primary_alias = alias
        break

    send_as_configuration = {
        "displayName": primary_alias.get("sendAsEmail"),
        "signature": "Automated Signature",
    }

    # pylint: disable=E1101
    result = (
        service.users()
        .settings()
        .sendAs()
        .patch(
            userId="me",
            sendAsEmail=primary_alias.get("sendAsEmail"),
            body=send_as_configuration,
        )
        .execute()
    )
    print(f'Updated signature for: {result.get("displayName")}')

  except HttpError as error:
    print(f"An error occurred: {error}")
    result = None

  return result.get("signature")


if __name__ == "__main__":
  update_signature()