使用 Gmail API 管理别名和签名

本文档介绍了如何在 Gmail API 中配置“以其他地址发送”别名和电子邮件签名。

“发件人别名”是指账号可用来发送邮件的电子邮件地址。每个账号始终至少有一个别名，用于表示账号的主要电子邮件地址。

“用以下地址发送邮件”别名对应于 Gmail 网页界面中的“用以下地址发送邮件”功能。

别名还可用于管理账号的签名。您必须对“以其他地址发送邮件”别名有基本的了解，才能更改电子邮件签名。

如需了解如何创建、列出、获取、更新或删除别名，请参阅 settings.SendAs 资源。

创建和验证别名

您必须先创建别名，然后才能使用它们。在某些情况下，用户还必须验证别名的所有权。

如果 Gmail 要求用户验证别名，则返回的别名会带有 pending 的 VerificationStatus。系统会自动向目标电子邮件地址发送一封验证邮件。电子邮件地址的所有者必须先完成验证流程，然后才能使用该地址。

无需验证的别名的验证状态为 accepted。

如果需要，请使用 settings.sendAs.verify 方法重新发送验证请求。

SMTP 设置

外部地址的别名应通过远程 SMTP 邮件发送代理 (MSA) 发送邮件。如需为别名配置 SMTP MSA，请使用 smtpMsa 字段提供连接详细信息。

管理签名

您还可以为每个别名配置电子邮件签名。以下代码示例展示了如何为用户的主地址设置签名：

Java

gmail/snippets/src/main/java/UpdateSignature.java

在 GitHub 上查看

import com.google.api.client.googleapis.json.GoogleJsonError;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.json.GoogleJsonResponseException;
import com.google.api.client.http.HttpRequestInitializer;
import com.google.api.client.http.javanet.NetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.gson.GsonFactory;
import com.google.api.services.gmail.Gmail;
import com.google.api.services.gmail.GmailScopes;
import com.google.api.services.gmail.model.ListSendAsResponse;
import com.google.api.services.gmail.model.SendAs;
import com.google.auth.http.HttpCredentialsAdapter;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import java.io.IOException;

/* Class to demonstrate the use of Gmail Update Signature API */
public class UpdateSignature {
  /**
   * Update the gmail signature.
   *
   * @return the updated signature id , {@code null} otherwise.
   * @throws IOException - if service account credentials file not found.
   */
  public static String updateGmailSignature() throws IOException {
        /* Load pre-authorized user credentials from the environment.
           TODO(developer) - See https://developers.google.com/identity for
            guides on implementing OAuth2 for your application. */
    GoogleCredentials credentials = GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
        .createScoped(GmailScopes.GMAIL_SETTINGS_BASIC);
    HttpRequestInitializer requestInitializer = new HttpCredentialsAdapter(credentials);

    // Create the gmail API client
    Gmail service = new Gmail.Builder(new NetHttpTransport(),
        GsonFactory.getDefaultInstance(),
        requestInitializer)
        .setApplicationName("Gmail samples")
        .build();

    try {
      SendAs primaryAlias = null;
      ListSendAsResponse aliases = service.users().settings().sendAs().list("me").execute();
      for (SendAs alias : aliases.getSendAs()) {
        if (alias.getIsPrimary()) {
          primaryAlias = alias;
          break;
        }
      }
      // Updating a new signature
      SendAs aliasSettings = new SendAs().setSignature("Automated Signature");
      SendAs result = service.users().settings().sendAs().patch(
              "me",
              primaryAlias.getSendAsEmail(),
              aliasSettings)
          .execute();
      //Prints the updated signature
      System.out.println("Updated signature - " + result.getSignature());
      return result.getSignature();
    } catch (GoogleJsonResponseException e) {
      // TODO(developer) - handle error appropriately
      GoogleJsonError error = e.getDetails();
      if (error.getCode() == 403) {
        System.err.println("Unable to update signature: " + e.getDetails());
      } else {
        throw e;
      }
    }
    return null;
  }
}

Python

gmail/snippet/settings snippets/update_signature.py

在 GitHub 上查看

import google.auth
from googleapiclient.discovery import build
from googleapiclient.errors import HttpError


def update_signature():
  """Create and update signature in gmail.
  Returns:Draft object, including updated signature.

  Load pre-authorized user credentials from the environment.
  TODO(developer) - See https://developers.google.com/identity
  for guides on implementing OAuth2 for the application.
  """
  creds, _ = google.auth.default()

  try:
    # create gmail api client
    service = build("gmail", "v1", credentials=creds)

    primary_alias = None

    # pylint: disable=E1101
    aliases = service.users().settings().sendAs().list(userId="me").execute()
    for alias in aliases.get("sendAs"):
      if alias.get("isPrimary"):
        primary_alias = alias
        break

    send_as_configuration = {
        "displayName": primary_alias.get("sendAsEmail"),
        "signature": "Automated Signature",
    }

    # pylint: disable=E1101
    result = (
        service.users()
        .settings()
        .sendAs()
        .patch(
            userId="me",
            sendAsEmail=primary_alias.get("sendAsEmail"),
            body=send_as_configuration,
        )
        .execute()
    )
    print(f'Updated signature for: {result.get("displayName")}')

  except HttpError as error:
    print(f"An error occurred: {error}")
    result = None

  return result.get("signature")


if __name__ == "__main__":
  update_signature()