Membangun aplikasi Google Chat di belakang firewall dengan Pub/Sub

Halaman ini menjelaskan cara membuat aplikasi Chat menggunakan Pub/Sub. Jenis arsitektur untuk aplikasi Chat ini berguna jika organisasi Anda memiliki firewall, yang dapat mencegah Chat mengirim pesan ke aplikasi Chat, atau jika aplikasi Chat menggunakan Google Workspace Events API. Namun, arsitektur ini memiliki batasan berikut karena aplikasi Chat ini hanya dapat mengirim dan menerima pesan asinkron:

  • Tidak dapat menggunakan dialog dalam pesan. Sebagai gantinya, gunakan pesan kartu.
  • Tidak dapat memperbarui setiap kartu dengan respons sinkron. Sebagai gantinya, perbarui seluruh pesan dengan memanggil metode patch.

Diagram berikut menunjukkan arsitektur aplikasi Chat yang dibuat dengan Pub/Sub:

Arsitektur aplikasi Chat yang diimplementasikan dengan Pub/Sub.

Dalam diagram sebelumnya, pengguna yang berinteraksi dengan aplikasi Chat Pub/Sub memiliki alur informasi berikut:

  1. Pengguna mengirim pesan di Chat ke aplikasi Chat, baik dalam pesan langsung maupun di ruang Chat, atau peristiwa terjadi di ruang Chat yang langganan-nya aktif di aplikasi Chat.

  2. Chat mengirim pesan ke topik Pub/Sub.

  3. Server aplikasi, yang merupakan sistem cloud atau on-premise yang berisi logika aplikasi Chat, berlangganan ke topik Pub/Sub untuk menerima pesan melalui firewall.

  4. Secara opsional, aplikasi Chat dapat memanggil Chat API untuk memposting pesan secara asinkron atau melakukan operasi lainnya.

Prasyarat

Java

Python

Node.js

Menyiapkan lingkungan

Sebelum menggunakan Google API, Anda harus mengaktifkannya di project Google Cloud. Anda dapat mengaktifkan satu atau beberapa API dalam satu project Google Cloud.

  • Di konsol Google Cloud, aktifkan Google Chat API dan Pub/Sub API.

    Aktifkan API

Menyiapkan Pub/Sub

  1. Buat topik Pub/Sub yang dapat menerima pesan dari Chat API. Sebaiknya gunakan satu topik per aplikasi Chat.

  2. Berikan izin Chat untuk memublikasikan ke topik dengan menetapkan peran Pub/Sub Publisher ke akun layanan berikut:

    chat-api-push@system.gserviceaccount.com

  3. Buat akun layanan agar aplikasi Chat dapat diotorisasi dengan Pub/Sub dan Chat, lalu simpan file kunci pribadi ke direktori kerja Anda.

  4. Buat langganan pull ke topik.

  5. Tetapkan Peran Pelanggan Pub/Sub di langganan untuk akun layanan yang Anda buat sebelumnya.

Menulis skrip

Java

  1. Di CLI, berikan kredensial akun layanan:

    export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE_PATH

  2. Di CLI, berikan project ID Google Cloud:

    export PROJECT_ID=PROJECT_ID

  3. Di CLI, berikan ID langganan untuk langganan Pub/Sub yang Anda buat sebelumnya:

    export SUBSCRIPTION_ID=SUBSCRIPTION_ID

  4. Di direktori kerja, buat file bernama pom.xml.

  5. Di file pom.xml, tempel kode berikut:

    java/pub-sub-app/pom.xml
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.google.chat</groupId>
  <artifactId>pub-sub-app</artifactId>
  <version>0.1.0</version>

  <name>pub-sub-app-java</name>

  <properties>
    <maven.compiler.release>21</maven.compiler.release>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <!-- Google Chat GAPIC library -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.google.api.grpc</groupId>
      <artifactId>proto-google-cloud-chat-v1</artifactId>
      <version>0.8.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.google.api</groupId>
      <artifactId>gax</artifactId>
      <version>2.48.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>google-cloud-chat</artifactId>
      <version>0.1.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Google Cloud Pub/Sub library -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>google-cloud-pubsub</artifactId>
    <version>1.125.8</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- JSON utilities -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
      <version>2.14.2</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

</project>

  6. Di direktori kerja Anda, buat struktur direktori src/main/java.

  7. Di direktori src/main/java, buat file bernama Main.java.

  8. Di Main.java, tempelkan kode berikut:

    java/pub-sub-app/src/main/java/Main.java
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.google.api.gax.core.FixedCredentialsProvider;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import com.google.chat.v1.ChatServiceClient;
import com.google.chat.v1.ChatServiceSettings;
import com.google.chat.v1.CreateMessageRequest;
import com.google.chat.v1.CreateMessageRequest.MessageReplyOption;
import com.google.chat.v1.Message;
import com.google.chat.v1.Thread;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.AckReplyConsumer;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.MessageReceiver;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.Subscriber;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.ProjectSubscriptionName;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.PubsubMessage;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.util.Collections;

public class Main {

  public static final String PROJECT_ID_ENV_PROPERTY = "PROJECT_ID";
  public static final String SUBSCRIPTION_ID_ENV_PROPERTY = "SUBSCRIPTION_ID";
  public static final String CREDENTIALS_PATH_ENV_PROPERTY = "GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS";

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    ProjectSubscriptionName subscriptionName = ProjectSubscriptionName.of(
      System.getenv(Main.PROJECT_ID_ENV_PROPERTY),
      System.getenv(Main.SUBSCRIPTION_ID_ENV_PROPERTY));

    // Instantiate app, which implements an asynchronous message receiver.
    EchoApp echoApp = new EchoApp();

    // Create a subscriber for <var>SUBSCRIPTION_ID</var> bound to the message receiver
    final Subscriber subscriber = Subscriber.newBuilder(subscriptionName, echoApp).build();
    System.out.println("Subscriber is listening to events...");
    subscriber.startAsync();

    // Wait for termination
    subscriber.awaitTerminated();
  }
}

/**
 * A demo app which implements {@link MessageReceiver} to receive messages. It simply echoes the
 * incoming messages.
 */
class EchoApp implements MessageReceiver {

  // Path to the private key JSON file of the service account to be used for posting response
  // messages to Google Chat.
  // In this demo, we are using the same service account for authorizing with Cloud Pub/Sub to
  // receive messages and authorizing with Google Chat to post messages. If you are using
  // different service accounts, please set the path to the private key JSON file of the service
  // account used to post messages to Google Chat here.
  private static final String SERVICE_ACCOUNT_KEY_PATH =
    System.getenv(Main.CREDENTIALS_PATH_ENV_PROPERTY);

  // Developer code for Google Chat API scope.
  private static final String GOOGLE_CHAT_API_SCOPE = "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/chat.bot";

  private static final String ADDED_RESPONSE = "Thank you for adding me!";

  ChatServiceClient chatServiceClient;

  EchoApp() throws Exception {
    GoogleCredentials credential = GoogleCredentials
      .fromStream(new FileInputStream(SERVICE_ACCOUNT_KEY_PATH))
      .createScoped(Collections.singleton(GOOGLE_CHAT_API_SCOPE));

    // Create the ChatServiceSettings with the app credentials
    ChatServiceSettings chatServiceSettings = ChatServiceSettings.newBuilder()
      .setCredentialsProvider(FixedCredentialsProvider.create(credential)).build();

    // Set the Chat service client
    chatServiceClient = ChatServiceClient.create(chatServiceSettings);
  }

  // Called when a message is received by the subscriber.
  @Override
  public void receiveMessage(PubsubMessage pubsubMessage, AckReplyConsumer consumer) {
    System.out.println("Id : " + pubsubMessage.getMessageId());
    // Handle incoming message, then ack/nack the received message
    try {
      ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
      JsonNode dataJson = mapper.readTree(pubsubMessage.getData().toStringUtf8());
      System.out.println("Data : " + dataJson.toString());
      handle(dataJson);
      consumer.ack();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      System.out.println(e);
      consumer.nack();
    }
  }

  // Send message to Google Chat based on the type of event.
  public void handle(JsonNode eventJson) throws Exception {
    CreateMessageRequest createMessageRequest;
    switch (eventJson.get("type").asText()) {
      case "ADDED_TO_SPACE":
        // An app can also be added to a space by @mentioning it in a message. In that case, we fall
        // through to the MESSAGE case and let the app respond. If the app was added using the
        // invite flow, we just post a thank you message in the space.
        if (!eventJson.has("message")) {
          createMessageRequest = CreateMessageRequest.newBuilder()
            .setParent(eventJson.get("space").get("name").asText())
            .setMessage(Message.newBuilder().setText(ADDED_RESPONSE).build()).build();
          break;
        }
      case "MESSAGE":
        // In case of message, post the response in the same thread.
        createMessageRequest = CreateMessageRequest.newBuilder()
          .setParent(eventJson.get("space").get("name").asText())
          .setMessageReplyOption(MessageReplyOption.REPLY_MESSAGE_FALLBACK_TO_NEW_THREAD)
          .setMessage(Message.newBuilder()
            .setText("You said: `" + eventJson.get("message").get("text").asText() + "`")
            .setThread(Thread.newBuilder()
              .setName(eventJson.get("message").get("thread").get("name").asText())
              .build()).build()).build();
        break;
      case "REMOVED_FROM_SPACE":
      default:
        // Do nothing
        return;
    }

    // Post the response to Google Chat.
    chatServiceClient.createMessage(createMessageRequest);
  }
}

Python

  1. Di CLI, berikan kredensial akun layanan:

    export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE_PATH

  2. Di CLI, berikan project ID Google Cloud:

    export PROJECT_ID=PROJECT_ID

  3. Di CLI, berikan ID langganan untuk langganan Pub/Sub yang Anda buat sebelumnya:

    export SUBSCRIPTION_ID=SUBSCRIPTION_ID

  4. Di direktori kerja, buat file bernama requirements.txt.

  5. Di file requirements.txt, tempel kode berikut:

    python/pub-sub-app/requirements.txt
    google-cloud-pubsub>=2.23.0
google-apps-chat==0.1.9

  6. Di direktori kerja, buat file bernama app.py.

  7. Di app.py, tempelkan kode berikut:

    python/pub-sub-app/app.py
    import json
import logging
import os
import sys
import time
from google.apps import chat_v1 as google_chat
from google.cloud import pubsub_v1
from google.oauth2.service_account import Credentials


def receive_messages():
  """Receives messages from a pull subscription."""

  scopes = ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/chat.bot']
  service_account_key_path = os.environ.get(
    'GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS')
  creds = Credentials.from_service_account_file(
    service_account_key_path)
  chat = google_chat.ChatServiceClient(
    credentials = creds,
    client_options = {
      "scopes": scopes
    })

  project_id = os.environ.get('PROJECT_ID')
  subscription_id = os.environ.get('SUBSCRIPTION_ID')
  subscriber = pubsub_v1.SubscriberClient()
  subscription_path = subscriber.subscription_path(
      project_id, subscription_id)

  # Handle incoming message, then ack/nack the received message
  def callback(message):
    event = json.loads(message.data)
    logging.info('Data : %s', event)
    space_name = event['space']['name']

    # Post the response to Google Chat.
    request = format_request(event)
    if request is not None:
      chat.create_message(request)

    # Ack the message.
    message.ack()

  subscriber.subscribe(subscription_path, callback = callback)
  logging.info('Listening for messages on %s', subscription_path)

  # Keep main thread from exiting while waiting for messages
  while True:
    time.sleep(60)


def format_request(event):
  """Send message to Google Chat based on the type of event.
  Args:
    event: A dictionary with the event data.
  """
  space_name = event['space']['name']
  event_type = event['type']

  # If the app was removed, we don't respond.
  if event['type'] == 'REMOVED_FROM_SPACE':
    logging.info('App removed rom space %s', space_name)
    return
  elif event_type == 'ADDED_TO_SPACE' and 'message' not in event:
    # An app can also be added to a space by @mentioning it in a
    # message. In that case, we fall through to the message case
    # and let the app respond. If the app was added using the
    # invite flow, we just post a thank you message in the space.
    return google_chat.CreateMessageRequest(
        parent = space_name,
        message = {
          'text': 'Thank you for adding me!'
        }
    )
  elif event_type in ['ADDED_TO_SPACE', 'MESSAGE']:
    # In case of message, post the response in the same thread.
    return google_chat.CreateMessageRequest(
        parent = space_name,
        message_reply_option = google_chat.CreateMessageRequest.MessageReplyOption.REPLY_MESSAGE_FALLBACK_TO_NEW_THREAD,
        message = {
          'text': 'You said: `' + event['message']['text'] + '`',
          'thread': {
            'name': event['message']['thread']['name']
          }
        }
    )


if __name__ == '__main__':
  if 'PROJECT_ID' not in os.environ:
    logging.error('Missing PROJECT_ID env var.')
    sys.exit(1)

  if 'SUBSCRIPTION_ID' not in os.environ:
    logging.error('Missing SUBSCRIPTION_ID env var.')
    sys.exit(1)

  if 'GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS' not in os.environ:
    logging.error('Missing GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS env var.')
    sys.exit(1)

  logging.basicConfig(
      level=logging.INFO,
      style='{',
      format='{levelname:.1}{asctime} {filename}:{lineno}] {message}')
  receive_messages()

Node.js

  1. Di CLI, berikan kredensial akun layanan:

    export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE_PATH

  2. Di CLI, berikan project ID Google Cloud:

    export PROJECT_ID=PROJECT_ID

  3. Di CLI, berikan ID langganan untuk langganan Pub/Sub yang Anda buat sebelumnya:

    export SUBSCRIPTION_ID=SUBSCRIPTION_ID

  4. Di direktori kerja, buat file bernama package.json.

  5. Di file package.json, tempel kode berikut:

    node/pub-sub-app/package.json
    {
  "name": "pub-sub-app",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "Google Chat App that listens for messages via Cloud Pub/Sub",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "node index.js",
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@google-apps/chat": "^0.4.0",
    "@google-cloud/pubsub": "^4.5.0"
  },
  "license": "Apache-2.0"
}

  6. Di direktori kerja, buat file bernama index.js.

  7. Di index.js, tempelkan kode berikut:

    node/pub-sub-app/index.js
    const {ChatServiceClient} = require('@google-apps/chat');
const {MessageReplyOption} = require('@google-apps/chat').protos.google.chat.v1.CreateMessageRequest;
const {PubSub} = require('@google-cloud/pubsub');
const {SubscriberClient} = require('@google-cloud/pubsub/build/src/v1');

// Receives messages from a pull subscription.
function receiveMessages() {
  const chat = new ChatServiceClient({
    keyFile: process.env.GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS,
    scopes: ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/chat.bot'],
  });

  const subscriptionPath = new SubscriberClient()
    .subscriptionPath(process.env.PROJECT_ID, process.env.SUBSCRIPTION_ID)
  const subscription = new PubSub()
    .subscription(subscriptionPath);

  // Handle incoming message, then ack/nack the received message
  const messageHandler = message => {
    console.log(`Id : ${message.id}`);
    const event = JSON.parse(message.data);
    console.log(`Data : ${JSON.stringify(event)}`);

    // Post the response to Google Chat.
    const request = formatRequest(event);
    if (request != null) {
      chat.createMessage(request);
    }

    // Ack the message.
    message.ack();
  }

  subscription.on('message', messageHandler);
  console.log(`Listening for messages on ${subscriptionPath}`);

  // Keep main thread from exiting while waiting for messages
  setTimeout(() => {
    subscription.removeListener('message', messageHandler);
    console.log(`Stopped listening for messages.`);
  }, 60 * 1000);
}

// Send message to Google Chat based on the type of event
function formatRequest(event) {
  const spaceName = event.space.name;
  const eventType = event.type;

  // If the app was removed, we don't respond.
  if (event.type == 'REMOVED_FROM_SPACE') {
    console.log(`App removed rom space ${spaceName}`);
    return null;
  } else if (eventType == 'ADDED_TO_SPACE' && !eventType.message) {
    // An app can also be added to a space by @mentioning it in a
    // message. In that case, we fall through to the message case
    // and let the app respond. If the app was added using the
    // invite flow, we just post a thank you message in the space.
    return {
      parent: spaceName,
      message: { text: 'Thank you for adding me!' }
    };
  } else if (eventType == 'ADDED_TO_SPACE' || eventType == 'MESSAGE') {
    // In case of message, post the response in the same thread.
    return {
      parent: spaceName,
      messageReplyOption: MessageReplyOption.REPLY_MESSAGE_FALLBACK_TO_NEW_THREAD,
      message: {
        text: 'You said: `' + event.message.text + '`',
        thread: { name: event.message.thread.name }
      }
    };
  }
}

if (!process.env.PROJECT_ID) {
  console.log('Missing PROJECT_ID env var.');
  process.exit(1);
}
if (!process.env.SUBSCRIPTION_ID) {
  console.log('Missing SUBSCRIPTION_ID env var.');
  process.exit(1);
}
if (!process.env.GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS) {
  console.log('Missing GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS env var.');
  process.exit(1);
}

receiveMessages();

Memublikasikan aplikasi ke Chat

  1. Di konsol Google Cloud, buka Menu > API & Layanan > API & Layanan yang Diaktifkan > Google Chat API > Konfigurasi.

    Buka Configuration

  2. Konfigurasikan aplikasi Chat untuk Pub/Sub:

    1. Di App name, masukkan Quickstart App.
    2. Di Avatar URL, masukkan https://developers.google.com/chat/images/quickstart-app-avatar.png.
    3. Di Deskripsi, masukkan Quickstart app.
    4. Di bagian Functionality, pilih Receive 1:1 messages dan Join spaces and group conversations.
    5. Di bagian Connection settings, pilih Cloud Pub/Sub dan tempelkan nama topik Pub/Sub yang sebelumnya Anda buat.
    6. Di bagian Visibilitas, pilih Buat aplikasi Google Chat ini tersedia untuk orang dan grup tertentu di domain Anda, lalu masukkan alamat email Anda.
    7. Di bagian Logs, pilih Log errors to Logging.

  3. Klik Simpan.

Aplikasi siap menerima dan membalas pesan di Chat.

Jalankan skrip:

Di CLI, beralihlah ke direktori kerja Anda dan jalankan skrip:

Java

mvn compile exec:java -Dexec.mainClass=Main

Python

python -m venv env
source env/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt -U
python app.py

Node.js

npm install
npm start

Saat Anda menjalankan kode, aplikasi akan mulai memproses pesan yang dipublikasikan ke topik Pub/Sub.

Menguji aplikasi Chat

Untuk menguji aplikasi Chat, buka ruang pesan langsung dengan aplikasi Chat dan kirim pesan:

  1. Buka Google Chat menggunakan akun Google Workspace yang Anda berikan saat menambahkan diri sebagai penguji tepercaya.

    Buka Google Chat

  2. Klik Chat baru.
  3. Di kolom Tambahkan 1 orang atau lebih, ketik nama aplikasi Chat Anda.

  4. Pilih aplikasi Chat Anda dari hasil. Pesan langsung akan terbuka.

  5. Di pesan langsung baru dengan aplikasi, ketik Hello, lalu tekan enter.

Untuk menambahkan penguji tepercaya dan mempelajari lebih lanjut cara menguji fitur interaktif, lihat Menguji fitur interaktif untuk aplikasi Google Chat.

Memecahkan masalah

Saat aplikasi Google Chat atau kartu menampilkan error, antarmuka Chat akan menampilkan pesan yang bertuliskan "Terjadi masalah". atau "Tidak dapat memproses permintaan Anda". Terkadang UI Chat tidak menampilkan pesan error, tetapi aplikasi atau kartu Chat menghasilkan hasil yang tidak terduga; misalnya, pesan kartu mungkin tidak muncul.

Meskipun pesan error mungkin tidak ditampilkan di UI Chat, pesan error deskriptif dan data log tersedia untuk membantu Anda memperbaiki error saat logging error untuk aplikasi Chat diaktifkan. Untuk mendapatkan bantuan dalam melihat, men-debug, dan memperbaiki error, lihat Memecahkan masalah dan memperbaiki error Google Chat.

Pembersihan

Agar tidak menimbulkan biaya pada akun Google Cloud Anda untuk resource yang digunakan dalam tutorial ini, sebaiknya hapus project Cloud.

  1. Di Konsol Google Cloud, buka halaman Manage resources. Klik Menu > IAM & Admin > Kelola Resource.

    Buka Resource Manager

  2. Dalam daftar project, pilih project yang ingin Anda hapus, lalu klik Hapus .
  3. Pada dialog, ketik project ID, lalu klik Shut down untuk menghapus project.