由于 Google Ads API 使用 Protobuf 作为其默认载荷格式,因此在使用 API 时,请务必了解一些 Protobuf 惯例和类型。
可选字段
Google Ads API 中的许多字段被标记为 optional
。这样,您就可以区分字段值为空,还是服务器未发回该字段值的情况。这些字段的行为与常规字段类似,只不过它们还提供了额外的方法来清除字段和检查字段是否已设置。
例如,Campaign
对象的 Name
字段被标记为可选。因此,您可以使用以下方法来处理此字段。
// Get the name.
string name = campaign.Name;
// Set the name.
campaign.Name = name;
// Check if the campaign object has the name field set.
bool hasName = campaign.HasName();
// Clear the name field. Use this method to exclude Name field from
// being sent to the server in a subsequent API call.
campaign.ClearName();
// Set the campaign to empty string value. This value will be
// sent to the server if you use this object in a subsequent API call.
campaign.Name = "";
// This will throw a runtime error. Use ClearName() instead.
campaign.Name = null;
重复的类型
字段数组在 Google Ads API 中表示为只读 RepeatedField
。
例如,广告系列的 url_custom_parameters
字段是重复字段,因此在 .NET 客户端库中表示为只读 RepeatedField<CustomParameter>
。
RepeatedField
实现了 IList<T>
接口。
填充 RepeatedField
字段有两种方法。
旧版 C#:使用 AddRange 方法添加值
相关示例如下。
Campaign campaign = new Campaign()
{
ResourceName = ResourceNames.Campaign(customerId, campaignId),
Status = CampaignStatus.Paused,
};
// Add values to UrlCustomParameters using AddRange method.
campaign.UrlCustomParameters.AddRange(new CustomParameter[]
{
new CustomParameter { Key = "season", Value = "christmas" },
new CustomParameter { Key = "promocode", Value = "NY123" }
});
较新的 C# 版本:使用集合初始化程序语法
// Option 1: Initialize the field directly.
Campaign campaign = new Campaign()
{
ResourceName = ResourceNames.Campaign(customerId, campaignId),
Status = CampaignStatus.Paused,
// Directly initialize the field.
UrlCustomParameters =
{
new CustomParameter { Key = "season", Value = "christmas" },
new CustomParameter { Key = "promocode", Value = "NY123" }
}
};
// Option 2: Initialize using an intermediate variable.
CustomParameter[] parameters = new CustomParameter[]
{
new CustomParameter { Key = "season", Value = "christmas" },
new CustomParameter { Key = "promocode", Value = "NY123" }
}
Campaign campaign1 = new Campaign()
{
ResourceName = ResourceNames.Campaign(customerId, campaignId),
Status = CampaignStatus.Paused,
// Initialize from an existing array.
UrlCustomParameters = { parameters }
};
类型之一
Google Ads API 中的某些字段标记为 OneOf
字段,这意味着该字段在给定时间可以存储不同的类型,但只有一个值。OneOf 字段类似于 C 中的联合类型。
.NET 库通过为可以保存在 OneOf 字段中的每种类型的值提供一个属性,并更新共享类字段的所有属性来实现 OneOf 字段。
例如,广告系列的 campaign_bidding_strategy
被标记为 OneOf 字段。此类的实现方式如下(为简洁起见而进行了简化的代码):
public sealed partial class Campaign : pb::IMessage<Campaign>
{
object campaignBiddingStrategy_ = null;
CampaignBiddingStrategyOneofCase campaignBiddingStrategyCase_;
public ManualCpc ManualCpc
{
get
{
return campaignBiddingStrategyCase_ == CampaignBiddingStrategyOneofCase.ManualCpc ?
(ManualCpc) campaignBiddingStrategy_ : null;
}
set
{
campaignBiddingStrategy_ = value;
campaignBiddingStrategyCase_ = CampaignBiddingStrategyOneofCase.ManualCpc;
}
}
public ManualCpm ManualCpm
{
get
{
return campaignBiddingStrategyCase_ == CampaignBiddingStrategyOneofCase.ManualCpm ?
(ManualCpm) campaignBiddingStrategy_ : null;
}
set
{
campaignBiddingStrategy_ = value;
campaignBiddingStrategyCase_ = CampaignBiddingStrategyOneofCase.ManualCpm;
}
}
public CampaignBiddingStrategyOneofCase CampaignBiddingStrategyCase
{
get { return campaignBiddingStrategyCase_; }
}
}
由于 OneOf 属性共享存储空间,因此一次分配可能会覆盖之前的分配,从而导致细微 bug。例如,
Campaign campaign = new Campaign()
{
ManualCpc = new ManualCpc()
{
EnhancedCpcEnabled = true
},
ManualCpm = new ManualCpm()
{
}
};
在本例中,campaign.ManualCpc
现在为 null
,因为初始化 campaign.ManualCpm
字段会覆盖之前的 campaign.ManualCpc
初始化。
转换为其他格式
您可以轻松将 protobuf 对象转换为 JSON 格式,反之亦然。在构建需要与需要基于文本格式(如 JSON 或 XML)数据的其他系统进行交互时,这非常有用。
GoogleAdsRow row = new GoogleAdsRow()
{
Campaign = new Campaign()
{
Id = 123,
Name = "Campaign 1",
ResourceName = ResourceNames.Campaign(1234567890, 123)
}
};
// Serialize to JSON and back.
string json = JsonFormatter.Default.Format(row);
row = GoogleAdsRow.Parser.ParseJson(json);
您还可以将对象序列化为字节,然后再返回。与 JSON 格式相比,二进制序列化的内存和存储效率更高。
GoogleAdsRow row = new GoogleAdsRow()
{
Campaign = new Campaign()
{
Id = 123,
Name = "Campaign 1",
ResourceName = ResourceNames.Campaign(1234567890, 123)
}
};
// Serialize to bytes and back.
byte[] bytes = row.ToByteArray();
row = GoogleAdsRow.Parser.ParseFrom(bytes);