Java
// Copyright 2018 Google LLC // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. // You may obtain a copy of the License at // // https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 // // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and // limitations under the License. package com.google.ads.googleads.examples.basicoperations; import com.beust.jcommander.Parameter; import com.google.ads.googleads.examples.utils.ArgumentNames; import com.google.ads.googleads.examples.utils.CodeSampleParams; import com.google.ads.googleads.lib.GoogleAdsClient; import com.google.ads.googleads.lib.utils.FieldMasks; import com.google.ads.googleads.v18.enums.AdGroupStatusEnum.AdGroupStatus; import com.google.ads.googleads.v18.errors.GoogleAdsError; import com.google.ads.googleads.v18.errors.GoogleAdsException; import com.google.ads.googleads.v18.resources.AdGroup; import com.google.ads.googleads.v18.services.AdGroupOperation; import com.google.ads.googleads.v18.services.AdGroupServiceClient; import com.google.ads.googleads.v18.services.MutateAdGroupResult; import com.google.ads.googleads.v18.services.MutateAdGroupsResponse; import com.google.ads.googleads.v18.utils.ResourceNames; import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; /** Updates the CPC bid and status for a given ad group. To get ad groups, run GetAdGroups.java. */ public class UpdateAdGroup { private static class UpdateAdGroupParams extends CodeSampleParams { @Parameter(names = ArgumentNames.CUSTOMER_ID, required = true) private Long customerId; @Parameter(names = ArgumentNames.AD_GROUP_ID, required = true) private Long adGroupId; @Parameter(names = ArgumentNames.CPC_BID_MICRO_AMOUNT, required = true) private Long cpcBidMicroAmount; } public static void main(String[] args) { UpdateAdGroupParams params = new UpdateAdGroupParams(); if (!params.parseArguments(args)) { // Either pass the required parameters for this example on the command line, or insert them // into the code here. See the parameter class definition above for descriptions. params.customerId = Long.parseLong("INSERT_CUSTOMER_ID_HERE"); params.adGroupId = Long.parseLong("INSERT_AD_GROUP_ID_HERE"); params.cpcBidMicroAmount = Long.parseLong("INSERT_CPC_BID_MICRO_AMOUNT_HERE"); } GoogleAdsClient googleAdsClient = null; try { googleAdsClient = GoogleAdsClient.newBuilder().fromPropertiesFile().build(); } catch (FileNotFoundException fnfe) { System.err.printf( "Failed to load GoogleAdsClient configuration from file. Exception: %s%n", fnfe); System.exit(1); } catch (IOException ioe) { System.err.printf("Failed to create GoogleAdsClient. Exception: %s%n", ioe); System.exit(1); } try { new UpdateAdGroup() .runExample( googleAdsClient, params.customerId, params.adGroupId, params.cpcBidMicroAmount); } catch (GoogleAdsException gae) { // GoogleAdsException is the base class for most exceptions thrown by an API request. // Instances of this exception have a message and a GoogleAdsFailure that contains a // collection of GoogleAdsErrors that indicate the underlying causes of the // GoogleAdsException. System.err.printf( "Request ID %s failed due to GoogleAdsException. Underlying errors:%n", gae.getRequestId()); int i = 0; for (GoogleAdsError googleAdsError : gae.getGoogleAdsFailure().getErrorsList()) { System.err.printf(" Error %d: %s%n", i++, googleAdsError); } System.exit(1); } } /** * Runs the example. * * @param googleAdsClient the Google Ads API client. * @param customerId the client customer ID. * @param adGroupId the ID of the ad group to update. * @param bidMicroAmount the bid amount in micros to use for the ad group bid. * @throws GoogleAdsException if an API request failed with one or more service errors. */ private void runExample( GoogleAdsClient googleAdsClient, long customerId, long adGroupId, long bidMicroAmount) { try (AdGroupServiceClient adGroupServiceClient = googleAdsClient.getLatestVersion().createAdGroupServiceClient()) { // Creates an ad group object with the proper resource name and any other changes. AdGroup adGroup = AdGroup.newBuilder() .setResourceName(ResourceNames.adGroup(customerId, adGroupId)) .setCpcBidMicros(bidMicroAmount) .setStatus(AdGroupStatus.PAUSED) .build(); // Constructs an operation that will update the ad group, using the FieldMasks utility to // derive the update mask. This mask tells the Google Ads API which attributes of the // ad group you want to change. AdGroupOperation operation = AdGroupOperation.newBuilder() .setUpdate(adGroup) .setUpdateMask(FieldMasks.allSetFieldsOf(adGroup)) .build(); // Sends the operation in a mutate request. MutateAdGroupsResponse response = adGroupServiceClient.mutateAdGroups( Long.toString(customerId), ImmutableList.of(operation)); // Prints the resource name of each updated object. for (MutateAdGroupResult mutateAdGroupResult : response.getResultsList()) { System.out.printf( "Updated ad group with resourceName: '%s'.%n", mutateAdGroupResult.getResourceName()); } } } }
C#
// Copyright 2019 Google LLC // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. // You may obtain a copy of the License at // // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 // // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and // limitations under the License. using CommandLine; using Google.Ads.Gax.Examples; using Google.Ads.Gax.Util; using Google.Ads.GoogleAds.Lib; using Google.Ads.GoogleAds.V18.Enums; using Google.Ads.GoogleAds.V18.Errors; using Google.Ads.GoogleAds.V18.Resources; using Google.Ads.GoogleAds.V18.Services; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace Google.Ads.GoogleAds.Examples.V18 { /// <summary> /// This code example illustrates how to update an ad group, setting its status to 'PAUSED', /// and its CPC bid to a new value if specified. To create an ad group, run AddAdGroup.cs. /// </summary> public class UpdateAdGroup : ExampleBase { /// <summary> /// Command line options for running the <see cref="UpdateAdGroup"/> example. /// </summary> public class Options : OptionsBase { /// <summary> /// The Google Ads customer ID for which the call is made. /// </summary> [Option("customerId", Required = true, HelpText = "The Google Ads customer ID for which the call is made.")] public long CustomerId { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Id of the ad group to be updated. /// </summary> [Option("adGroupId", Required = true, HelpText = "Id of the ad group to be updated.")] public long AdGroupId { get; set; } /// <summary> /// The CPC bid amount for the ad group in micros. /// </summary> [Option("cpcBidMicroAmount", Required = false, HelpText = "The CPC bid amount for the ad group in micros.")] public long? CpcBidMicroAmount { get; set; } } /// <summary> /// Main method, to run this code example as a standalone application. /// </summary> /// <param name="args">The command line arguments.</param> public static void Main(string[] args) { Options options = ExampleUtilities.ParseCommandLine<Options>(args); UpdateAdGroup codeExample = new UpdateAdGroup(); Console.WriteLine(codeExample.Description); codeExample.Run(new GoogleAdsClient(), options.CustomerId, options.AdGroupId, options.CpcBidMicroAmount); } /// <summary> /// Returns a description about the code example. /// </summary> public override string Description => " This code example illustrates how to update an ad group, setting its status to " + "'PAUSED', and its CPC bid to a new value if specified. To create an ad group, run " + "AddAdGroup.cs."; /// <summary> /// Runs the code example. /// </summary> /// <param name="client">The Google Ads client.</param> /// <param name="customerId">The Google Ads customer ID for which the call is made.</param> /// <param name="adGroupId">Id of the ad group to be updated.</param> /// <param name="cpcBidMicroAmount">The CPC bid amount for the ad group in micros.</param> public void Run(GoogleAdsClient client, long customerId, long adGroupId, long? cpcBidMicroAmount) { AdGroupServiceClient adGroupService = client.GetService(Services.V18.AdGroupService); // Create an ad group with the specified ID. AdGroup adGroup = new AdGroup(); adGroup.ResourceName = ResourceNames.AdGroup(customerId, adGroupId); // Pause the ad group. adGroup.Status = AdGroupStatusEnum.Types.AdGroupStatus.Paused; // Update the CPC bid if specified. if (cpcBidMicroAmount != null) { adGroup.CpcBidMicros = cpcBidMicroAmount.Value; } // Create the operation. AdGroupOperation operation = new AdGroupOperation() { Update = adGroup, UpdateMask = FieldMasks.AllSetFieldsOf(adGroup) }; try { // Update the ad group. MutateAdGroupsResponse retVal = adGroupService.MutateAdGroups( customerId.ToString(), new AdGroupOperation[] { operation }); // Display the results. MutateAdGroupResult adGroupResult = retVal.Results[0]; Console.WriteLine($"Ad group with resource name '{adGroupResult.ResourceName}' " + "was updated."); } catch (GoogleAdsException e) { Console.WriteLine("Failure:"); Console.WriteLine($"Message: {e.Message}"); Console.WriteLine($"Failure: {e.Failure}"); Console.WriteLine($"Request ID: {e.RequestId}"); throw; } } } }
PHP
<?php /** * Copyright 2018 Google LLC * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ namespace Google\Ads\GoogleAds\Examples\BasicOperations; require __DIR__ . '/../../vendor/autoload.php'; use GetOpt\GetOpt; use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\Examples\Utils\ArgumentNames; use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\Examples\Utils\ArgumentParser; use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\Lib\V18\GoogleAdsClient; use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\Lib\V18\GoogleAdsClientBuilder; use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\Lib\V18\GoogleAdsException; use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\Lib\OAuth2TokenBuilder; use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\Util\FieldMasks; use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\Util\V18\ResourceNames; use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\V18\Enums\AdGroupStatusEnum\AdGroupStatus; use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\V18\Errors\GoogleAdsError; use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\V18\Resources\AdGroup; use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\V18\Services\AdGroupOperation; use Google\Ads\GoogleAds\V18\Services\MutateAdGroupsRequest; use Google\ApiCore\ApiException; /** * This example updates the CPC bid and status for a given ad group. To get ad groups, run * GetAdGroups.php. */ class UpdateAdGroup { private const CUSTOMER_ID = 'INSERT_CUSTOMER_ID_HERE'; private const AD_GROUP_ID = 'INSERT_AD_GROUP_ID_HERE'; private const CPC_BID_MICRO_AMOUNT = 'INSERT_CPC_BID_MICRO_AMOUNT_HERE'; public static function main() { // Either pass the required parameters for this example on the command line, or insert them // into the constants above. $options = (new ArgumentParser())->parseCommandArguments([ ArgumentNames::CUSTOMER_ID => GetOpt::REQUIRED_ARGUMENT, ArgumentNames::AD_GROUP_ID => GetOpt::REQUIRED_ARGUMENT, ArgumentNames::CPC_BID_MICRO_AMOUNT => GetOpt::REQUIRED_ARGUMENT ]); // Generate a refreshable OAuth2 credential for authentication. $oAuth2Credential = (new OAuth2TokenBuilder())->fromFile()->build(); // Construct a Google Ads client configured from a properties file and the // OAuth2 credentials above. $googleAdsClient = (new GoogleAdsClientBuilder())->fromFile() ->withOAuth2Credential($oAuth2Credential) ->build(); try { self::runExample( $googleAdsClient, $options[ArgumentNames::CUSTOMER_ID] ?: self::CUSTOMER_ID, $options[ArgumentNames::AD_GROUP_ID] ?: self::AD_GROUP_ID, $options[ArgumentNames::CPC_BID_MICRO_AMOUNT] ?: self::CPC_BID_MICRO_AMOUNT ); } catch (GoogleAdsException $googleAdsException) { printf( "Request with ID '%s' has failed.%sGoogle Ads failure details:%s", $googleAdsException->getRequestId(), PHP_EOL, PHP_EOL ); foreach ($googleAdsException->getGoogleAdsFailure()->getErrors() as $error) { /** @var GoogleAdsError $error */ printf( "\t%s: %s%s", $error->getErrorCode()->getErrorCode(), $error->getMessage(), PHP_EOL ); } exit(1); } catch (ApiException $apiException) { printf( "ApiException was thrown with message '%s'.%s", $apiException->getMessage(), PHP_EOL ); exit(1); } } /** * Runs the example. * * @param GoogleAdsClient $googleAdsClient the Google Ads API client * @param int $customerId the customer ID * @param int $adGroupId the ID of ad group to update * @param int $bidMicroAmount the bid amount in micros to use for the ad group bid */ public static function runExample( GoogleAdsClient $googleAdsClient, int $customerId, int $adGroupId, $bidMicroAmount ) { // Creates an ad group object with the specified resource name and other changes. $adGroup = new AdGroup([ 'resource_name' => ResourceNames::forAdGroup($customerId, $adGroupId), 'cpc_bid_micros' => $bidMicroAmount, 'status' => AdGroupStatus::PAUSED ]); // Constructs an operation that will update the ad group with the specified resource name, // using the FieldMasks utility to derive the update mask. This mask tells the Google Ads // API which attributes of the ad group you want to change. $adGroupOperation = new AdGroupOperation(); $adGroupOperation->setUpdate($adGroup); $adGroupOperation->setUpdateMask(FieldMasks::allSetFieldsOf($adGroup)); // Issues a mutate request to update the ad group. $adGroupServiceClient = $googleAdsClient->getAdGroupServiceClient(); $response = $adGroupServiceClient->mutateAdGroups(MutateAdGroupsRequest::build( $customerId, [$adGroupOperation] )); // Prints the resource name of the updated ad group. /** @var AdGroup $updatedAdGroup */ $updatedAdGroup = $response->getResults()[0]; printf( "Updated ad group with resource name: '%s'%s", $updatedAdGroup->getResourceName(), PHP_EOL ); } } UpdateAdGroup::main();
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python # Copyright 2018 Google LLC # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """This example updates an ad group. To get ad groups, run get_ad_groups.py. """ import argparse import sys from google.ads.googleads.client import GoogleAdsClient from google.ads.googleads.errors import GoogleAdsException from google.api_core import protobuf_helpers def main(client, customer_id, ad_group_id, cpc_bid_micro_amount): ad_group_service = client.get_service("AdGroupService") # Create ad group operation. ad_group_operation = client.get_type("AdGroupOperation") ad_group = ad_group_operation.update ad_group.resource_name = ad_group_service.ad_group_path( customer_id, ad_group_id ) ad_group.status = client.enums.AdGroupStatusEnum.PAUSED ad_group.cpc_bid_micros = cpc_bid_micro_amount client.copy_from( ad_group_operation.update_mask, protobuf_helpers.field_mask(None, ad_group._pb), ) # Update the ad group. ad_group_response = ad_group_service.mutate_ad_groups( customer_id=customer_id, operations=[ad_group_operation] ) print(f"Updated ad group {ad_group_response.results[0].resource_name}.") if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser( description=( "Updates an ad group for specified customer and campaign " "id with the given bid micro amount." ) ) # The following argument(s) should be provided to run the example. parser.add_argument( "-c", "--customer_id", type=str, required=True, help="The Google Ads customer ID.", ) parser.add_argument( "-a", "--ad_group_id", type=str, required=True, help="The ad group ID." ) parser.add_argument( "-b", "--cpc_bid_micro_amount", type=int, required=True, help="The cpc bid micro amount.", ) args = parser.parse_args() # GoogleAdsClient will read the google-ads.yaml configuration file in the # home directory if none is specified. googleads_client = GoogleAdsClient.load_from_storage(version="v18") try: main( googleads_client, args.customer_id, args.ad_group_id, args.cpc_bid_micro_amount, ) except GoogleAdsException as ex: print( f'Request with ID "{ex.request_id}" failed with status ' f'"{ex.error.code().name}" and includes the following errors:' ) for error in ex.failure.errors: print(f'\tError with message "{error.message}".') if error.location: for field_path_element in error.location.field_path_elements: print(f"\t\tOn field: {field_path_element.field_name}") sys.exit(1)
Ruby
#!/usr/bin/env ruby # Encoding: utf-8 # # Copyright 2018 Google LLC # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. # # This example updates an ad group. To get ad groups, run get_ad_groups.rb. require 'optparse' require 'google/ads/google_ads' def update_ad_group(customer_id, ad_group_id, bid_micro_amount) # GoogleAdsClient will read a config file from # ENV['HOME']/google_ads_config.rb when called without parameters client = Google::Ads::GoogleAds::GoogleAdsClient.new resource_name = client.path.ad_group(customer_id, ad_group_id) operation = client.operation.update_resource.ad_group(resource_name) do |ag| ag.status = :PAUSED ag.cpc_bid_micros = bid_micro_amount end response = client.service.ad_group.mutate_ad_groups( customer_id: customer_id, operations: [operation], ) puts "Ad group with resource name = '#{response.results.first.resource_name}' was updated." end if __FILE__ == $0 options = {} # The following parameter(s) should be provided to run the example. You can # either specify these by changing the INSERT_XXX_ID_HERE values below, or on # the command line. # # Parameters passed on the command line will override any parameters set in # code. # # Running the example with -h will print the command line usage. options[:customer_id] = 'INSERT_CUSTOMER_ID_HERE' options[:ad_group_id] = 'INSERT_AD_GROUP_ID_HERE' options[:bid_micro_amount] = 1_000_000 OptionParser.new do |opts| opts.banner = sprintf('Usage: %s [options]', File.basename(__FILE__)) opts.separator '' opts.separator 'Options:' opts.on('-C', '--customer-id CUSTOMER-ID', String, 'Customer ID') do |v| options[:customer_id] = v end opts.on('-A', '--ad-group-id AD-GROUP-ID', String, 'Ad Group ID') do |v| options[:ad_group_id] = v end opts.on('-b', '--cpc-bid-micro-amount CPC-BID-MICRO-AMOUNT', Integer, 'Bid Micro Amount') do |v| options[:bid_micro_amount] = v end opts.separator '' opts.separator 'Help:' opts.on_tail('-h', '--help', 'Show this message') do puts opts exit end end.parse! begin update_ad_group(options.fetch(:customer_id).tr("-", ""), options[:ad_group_id], options[:bid_micro_amount]) rescue Google::Ads::GoogleAds::Errors::GoogleAdsError => e e.failure.errors.each do |error| STDERR.printf("Error with message: %s\n", error.message) if error.location error.location.field_path_elements.each do |field_path_element| STDERR.printf("\tOn field: %s\n", field_path_element.field_name) end end error.error_code.to_h.each do |k, v| next if v == :UNSPECIFIED STDERR.printf("\tType: %s\n\tCode: %s\n", k, v) end end raise end end
Perl
#!/usr/bin/perl -w # # Copyright 2019, Google LLC # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. # # This example updates the CPC bid and status for a given ad group. To get ad # groups, run get_ad_groups.pl. use strict; use warnings; use utf8; use FindBin qw($Bin); use lib "$Bin/../../lib"; use Google::Ads::GoogleAds::Client; use Google::Ads::GoogleAds::Utils::GoogleAdsHelper; use Google::Ads::GoogleAds::Utils::FieldMasks; use Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V18::Resources::AdGroup; use Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V18::Enums::AdGroupStatusEnum qw(PAUSED); use Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V18::Services::AdGroupService::AdGroupOperation; use Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V18::Utils::ResourceNames; use Getopt::Long qw(:config auto_help); use Pod::Usage; use Cwd qw(abs_path); # The following parameter(s) should be provided to run the example. You can # either specify these by changing the INSERT_XXX_ID_HERE values below, or on # the command line. # # Parameters passed on the command line will override any parameters set in # code. # # Running the example with -h will print the command line usage. my $customer_id = "INSERT_CUSTOMER_ID_HERE"; my $ad_group_id = "INSERT_AD_GROUP_ID_HERE"; my $cpc_bid_micro_amount = "INSERT_CPC_BID_MICRO_AMOUNT_HERE"; sub update_ad_group { my ($api_client, $customer_id, $ad_group_id, $cpc_bid_micro_amount) = @_; # Create an ad group with the proper resource name and any other changes. my $ad_group = Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V18::Resources::AdGroup->new({ resourceName => Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V18::Utils::ResourceNames::ad_group( $customer_id, $ad_group_id ), status => PAUSED, cpcBidMicros => $cpc_bid_micro_amount }); # Create an ad group operation for update, using the FieldMasks utility to # derive the update mask. my $ad_group_operation = Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V18::Services::AdGroupService::AdGroupOperation-> new({ update => $ad_group, updateMask => all_set_fields_of($ad_group)}); # Update the ad group. my $ad_groups_response = $api_client->AdGroupService()->mutate({ customerId => $customer_id, operations => [$ad_group_operation]}); printf "Updated ad group with resource name: '%s'.\n", $ad_groups_response->{results}[0]{resourceName}; return 1; } # Don't run the example if the file is being included. if (abs_path($0) ne abs_path(__FILE__)) { return 1; } # Get Google Ads Client, credentials will be read from ~/googleads.properties. my $api_client = Google::Ads::GoogleAds::Client->new(); # By default examples are set to die on any server returned fault. $api_client->set_die_on_faults(1); # Parameters passed on the command line will override any parameters set in code. GetOptions( "customer_id=s" => \$customer_id, "ad_group_id=i" => \$ad_group_id, "cpc_bid_micro_amount=i" => \$cpc_bid_micro_amount ); # Print the help message if the parameters are not initialized in the code nor # in the command line. pod2usage(2) if not check_params($customer_id, $ad_group_id, $cpc_bid_micro_amount); # Call the example. update_ad_group($api_client, $customer_id =~ s/-//gr, $ad_group_id, $cpc_bid_micro_amount); =pod =head1 NAME update_ad_group =head1 DESCRIPTION This example updates the CPC bid and status for a given ad group. To get ad groups, run get_ad_groups.pl. =head1 SYNOPSIS update_ad_group.pl [options] -help Show the help message. -customer_id The Google Ads customer ID. -ad_group_id The ad group ID. -cpc_bid_micro_amount The CPC bid micro amount. =cut