בחירת המקום הנוכחי והצגת פרטים במפה

איך מוצאים את המיקום הנוכחי של מכשיר Android ומציגים פרטים על המקום (עסק או נקודת עניין אחרת) במיקום הזה. במדריך הזה נסביר איך לפתח אפליקציה ל-Android באמצעות Maps SDK ל-Android, Places SDK ל-Android וספק המיקום המשולב (FLP) בממשקי ה-API של Google Play Services למיקום.

קבל את הקוד

משכפלים או מורידים את מאגר הדוגמאות של Google Maps Android API v2 מ-GitHub.

הצגת גרסת ה-Java של הפעילות:

    // Copyright 2020 Google LLC
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package com.example.currentplacedetailsonmap;

import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.location.Location;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.util.TypedValue;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.FrameLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AlertDialog;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;
import androidx.core.graphics.Insets;
import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat;
import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat;
import com.google.android.gms.location.FusedLocationProviderClient;
import com.google.android.gms.location.LocationServices;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.CameraUpdateFactory;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.GoogleMap;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.OnMapReadyCallback;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.SupportMapFragment;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.model.CameraPosition;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.model.LatLng;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.model.Marker;
import com.google.android.gms.maps.model.MarkerOptions;
import com.google.android.gms.tasks.OnCompleteListener;
import com.google.android.gms.tasks.Task;
import com.google.android.libraries.places.api.Places;
import com.google.android.libraries.places.api.model.CircularBounds;
import com.google.android.libraries.places.api.model.Place;
import com.google.android.libraries.places.api.net.PlacesClient;
import com.google.android.libraries.places.api.net.SearchNearbyRequest;
import com.google.android.libraries.places.api.net.SearchNearbyResponse;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

/** An activity that displays a map showing the place at the device's current location. */
public class MapsActivityCurrentPlace extends AppCompatActivity implements OnMapReadyCallback {

    private static final String TAG = MapsActivityCurrentPlace.class.getSimpleName();
    private GoogleMap map;
    private CameraPosition cameraPosition;

    // The entry point to the Places API.
    private PlacesClient placesClient;

    // The entry point to the Fused Location Provider.
    private FusedLocationProviderClient fusedLocationProviderClient;

    // A default location (Sydney, Australia) and default zoom to use when location permission is
    // not granted.
    private final LatLng defaultLocation = new LatLng(-33.8523341, 151.2106085);
    private static final int DEFAULT_ZOOM = 15;
    private static final int PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = 1;
    private boolean locationPermissionGranted;

    // The geographical location where the device is currently located. That is, the last-known
    // location retrieved by the Fused Location Provider or set via long press.
    Location lastKnownLocation;

    // Keys for storing activity state.
    private static final String KEY_CAMERA_POSITION = "camera_position";
    private static final String KEY_LOCATION = "location";

    // Used for selecting the current place.
    private static final int M_MAX_ENTRIES = 5;
    private static final double SEARCH_RADIUS_METERS = 100.0;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        // Retrieve location and camera position from saved instance state.
        if (savedInstanceState != null) {
            lastKnownLocation = savedInstanceState.getParcelable(KEY_LOCATION);
            cameraPosition = savedInstanceState.getParcelable(KEY_CAMERA_POSITION);
        }

        // Retrieve the content view that renders the map.
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_maps);

        ViewCompat.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener(
                getWindow().getDecorView(),
                (v, insets) -> {
                    Insets systemBars =
                            insets.getInsets(
                                    WindowInsetsCompat.Type.systemBars()
                                            | WindowInsetsCompat.Type.displayCutout());
                    View actionBarContainer =
                            getWindow()
                                    .getDecorView()
                                    .findViewById(androidx.appcompat.R.id.action_bar_container);
                    if (actionBarContainer != null) {
                        actionBarContainer.setPadding(
                                actionBarContainer.getPaddingLeft(),
                                systemBars.top,
                                actionBarContainer.getPaddingRight(),
                                actionBarContainer.getPaddingBottom());
                    }
                    TypedValue typedValue = new TypedValue();
                    int actionBarHeight =
                            getTheme()
                                            .resolveAttribute(
                                                    android.R.attr.actionBarSize, typedValue, true)
                                    ? TypedValue.complexToDimensionPixelSize(
                                            typedValue.data, getResources().getDisplayMetrics())
                                    : 0;
                    if (map != null) {
                        map.setPadding(0, systemBars.top + actionBarHeight, 0, systemBars.bottom);
                    }
                    return insets;
                });
        // Construct a PlacesClient
        Places.initializeWithNewPlacesApiEnabled(getApplicationContext(), BuildConfig.MAPS_API_KEY);
        placesClient = Places.createClient(this);

        // Construct a FusedLocationProviderClient.
        fusedLocationProviderClient = LocationServices.getFusedLocationProviderClient(this);

        // Build the map.
        SupportMapFragment mapFragment =
                (SupportMapFragment) getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.map);
        mapFragment.getMapAsync(this);
    }


    /** Saves the state of the map when the activity is paused. */
    @Override
    protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
        if (map != null) {
            outState.putParcelable(KEY_CAMERA_POSITION, map.getCameraPosition());
            outState.putParcelable(KEY_LOCATION, lastKnownLocation);
        }
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
    }


    /**
     * Sets up the options menu.
     *
     * @param menu The options menu.
     * @return Boolean.
     */
    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.current_place_menu, menu);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Handles a click on the menu option to get a place.
     *
     * @param item The menu item to handle.
     * @return Boolean.
     */
    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        if (item.getItemId() == R.id.option_get_place) {
            showCurrentPlace();
        }
        return true;
    }


    /**
     * Manipulates the map when it's available. This callback is triggered when the map is ready to
     * be used.
     */
    @Override
    public void onMapReady(GoogleMap map) {
        this.map = map;

        // Use a custom info window adapter to handle multiple lines of text in the
        // info window contents.
        this.map.setInfoWindowAdapter(
                new GoogleMap.InfoWindowAdapter() {

                    @Override
                    // Return null here, so that getInfoContents() is called next.
                    public View getInfoWindow(Marker arg0) {
                        return null;
                    }

                    @Override
                    public View getInfoContents(Marker marker) {
                        // Inflate the layouts for the info window, title and snippet.
                        View infoWindow =
                                getLayoutInflater()
                                        .inflate(
                                                R.layout.custom_info_contents,
                                                (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.map),
                                                false);

                        TextView title = infoWindow.findViewById(R.id.title);
                        title.setText(marker.getTitle());

                        TextView snippet = infoWindow.findViewById(R.id.snippet);
                        snippet.setText(marker.getSnippet());

                        return infoWindow;
                    }
                });

        // Allow moving the current location with a long press on the map to easily
        // demo and discover nearby places anywhere in the world.
        this.map.setOnMapLongClickListener(this::setCustomLocation);

        // Prompt the user for permission.
        getLocationPermission();

        WindowInsetsCompat rootInsets = ViewCompat.getRootWindowInsets(getWindow().getDecorView());
        if (rootInsets != null) {
            Insets systemBars =
                    rootInsets.getInsets(
                            WindowInsetsCompat.Type.systemBars()
                                    | WindowInsetsCompat.Type.displayCutout());
            TypedValue typedValue = new TypedValue();
            int actionBarHeight =
                    getTheme().resolveAttribute(android.R.attr.actionBarSize, typedValue, true)
                            ? TypedValue.complexToDimensionPixelSize(
                                    typedValue.data, getResources().getDisplayMetrics())
                            : 0;
            this.map.setPadding(0, systemBars.top + actionBarHeight, 0, systemBars.bottom);
        }

        // Turn on the My Location layer and the related control on the map.
        updateLocationUI();

        // Get the current location of the device and set the position of the map.
        getDeviceLocation();
    }


    /** Gets the current location of the device, and positions the map's camera. */
    private void getDeviceLocation() {
        /*
         * Get the best and most recent location of the device, which may be null in rare
         * cases when a location is not available.
         */
        try {
            if (locationPermissionGranted) {
                Task<Location> locationResult = fusedLocationProviderClient.getLastLocation();
                locationResult.addOnCompleteListener(
                        this,
                        new OnCompleteListener<Location>() {
                            @Override
                            public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<Location> task) {
                                if (task.isSuccessful()) {
                                    // Set the map's camera position to the current location of the
                                    // device.
                                    lastKnownLocation = task.getResult();
                                    if (lastKnownLocation != null) {
                                        map.moveCamera(
                                                CameraUpdateFactory.newLatLngZoom(
                                                        new LatLng(
                                                                lastKnownLocation.getLatitude(),
                                                                lastKnownLocation.getLongitude()),
                                                        DEFAULT_ZOOM));
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    Log.d(TAG, "Current location is null. Using defaults.");
                                    Log.e(TAG, "Exception: %s", task.getException());
                                    map.moveCamera(
                                            CameraUpdateFactory.newLatLngZoom(
                                                    defaultLocation, DEFAULT_ZOOM));
                                    map.getUiSettings().setMyLocationButtonEnabled(false);
                                }
                            }
                        });
            }
        } catch (SecurityException e) {
            Log.e("Exception: %s", e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }


    /** Prompts the user for permission to use the device location. */
    private void getLocationPermission() {
        /*
         * Request location permission, so that we can get the location of the
         * device. The result of the permission request is handled by a callback,
         * onRequestPermissionsResult.
         */
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(
                        this.getApplicationContext(),
                        android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)
                == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            locationPermissionGranted = true;
        } else {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(
                    this,
                    new String[] {android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION},
                    PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
        }
    }


    /** Handles the result of the request for location permissions. */
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(
            int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        locationPermissionGranted = false;
        if (requestCode
                == PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) { // If request is cancelled, the
            // result arrays are empty.
            if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                locationPermissionGranted = true;
            }
        } else {
            super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        }
        updateLocationUI();
    }


    /**
     * UI representation of a place item to display in the selection dialog and map marker.
     *
     * <p>It is good practice to decouple the external data/backend model ({@link Place}) from the
     * UI layer. The UI should be as free of logic as possible: it receives presentation-ready data
     * (non-null coordinates, ready-to-display title and snippet strings) so that dialogs and map
     * overlays remain simple, predictable, and testable.
     */
    static class PlaceItemUiModel {
        final String title;
        final String snippet;
        final LatLng position;

        PlaceItemUiModel(String title, String snippet, LatLng position) {
            this.title = title;
            this.snippet = snippet;
            this.position = position;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Maps an external {@link Place} domain model into a display-ready {@link PlaceItemUiModel}.
     *
     * <p>The mapper encapsulates all data normalization, default value fallbacks (such as fallback
     * titles), and string formatting (such as appending third-party attributions to the address).
     * Keeping this transformation logic in the mapper prevents business and formatting logic from
     * leaking into the UI components. Returns {@code null} if essential coordinates are missing.
     */
    private PlaceItemUiModel toUiModel(Place place) {
        return toUiModel(place, getString(R.string.default_info_title));
    }

    static PlaceItemUiModel toUiModel(Place place, String defaultTitle) {
        if (place.getLocation() == null) {
            return null;
        }
        String title = place.getDisplayName() != null ? place.getDisplayName() : defaultTitle;

        StringBuilder snippet = new StringBuilder();
        if (place.getFormattedAddress() != null) {
            snippet.append(place.getFormattedAddress());
        }
        if (place.getAttributions() != null && !place.getAttributions().isEmpty()) {
            if (snippet.length() > 0) {
                snippet.append("\n");
            }
            snippet.append(String.join("\n", place.getAttributions()));
        }
        return new PlaceItemUiModel(title, snippet.toString(), place.getLocation());
    }


    /**
     * Prompts the user to select the current place from a list of likely places, and shows the
     * current place on the map - provided the user has granted location permission.
     */
    private void showCurrentPlace() {
        if (map == null) {
            return;
        }

        if (lastKnownLocation != null && "manual".equals(lastKnownLocation.getProvider())) {
            locationPermissionGranted = true;
        }

        if (locationPermissionGranted) {
            // Use fields to define the data types to return.
            List<Place.Field> placeFields =
                    Arrays.asList(
                            Place.Field.DISPLAY_NAME,
                            Place.Field.FORMATTED_ADDRESS,
                            Place.Field.LOCATION);

            // Search around the device's last-known location, falling back to the center of the
            // map if the location is not available yet.
            LatLng center =
                    lastKnownLocation != null
                            ? new LatLng(
                                    lastKnownLocation.getLatitude(),
                                    lastKnownLocation.getLongitude())
                            : map.getCameraPosition().target;
            CircularBounds searchArea = CircularBounds.newInstance(center, SEARCH_RADIUS_METERS);

            // Use the builder to create a SearchNearbyRequest that returns the closest places
            // first.
            SearchNearbyRequest request =
                    SearchNearbyRequest.builder(searchArea, placeFields)
                            .setMaxResultCount(M_MAX_ENTRIES)
                            .setRankPreference(SearchNearbyRequest.RankPreference.DISTANCE)
                            .build();

            // Get the likely places - that is, the businesses and other points of interest that
            // are closest to the device's current location.
            final Task<SearchNearbyResponse> placeResult = placesClient.searchNearby(request);
            placeResult.addOnCompleteListener(
                    new OnCompleteListener<SearchNearbyResponse>() {
                        @Override
                        public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<SearchNearbyResponse> task) {
                            if (task.isSuccessful() && task.getResult() != null) {
                                List<Place> responsePlaces = task.getResult().getPlaces();
                                int count = Math.min(responsePlaces.size(), M_MAX_ENTRIES);
                                List<PlaceItemUiModel> likelyPlaces = new ArrayList<>();
                                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                                    PlaceItemUiModel model = toUiModel(responsePlaces.get(i));
                                    if (model != null) {
                                        likelyPlaces.add(model);
                                    }
                                }

                                // Show a dialog offering the user the list of likely places, and
                                // add a marker at the selected place.
                                MapsActivityCurrentPlace.this.openPlacesDialog(likelyPlaces);
                            } else {
                                Log.e(TAG, "Exception: %s", task.getException());
                            }
                        }
                    });
        } else {
            // The user has not granted permission.
            Log.i(TAG, "The user did not grant location permission.");

            // Add a default marker, because the user hasn't selected a place.
            map.addMarker(
                    new MarkerOptions()
                            .title(getString(R.string.default_info_title))
                            .position(defaultLocation)
                            .snippet(getString(R.string.default_info_snippet)));

            // Prompt the user for permission.
            getLocationPermission();
        }
    }


    /** Displays a form allowing the user to select a place from a list of likely places. */
    void openPlacesDialog(List<PlaceItemUiModel> likelyPlaces) {
        if (likelyPlaces.isEmpty()) {
            Toast.makeText(
                            this,
                            "No places found nearby. Long-press on the map to choose another location.",
                            Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
                    .show();
            return;
        }
        // Ask the user to choose the place where they are now.
        DialogInterface.OnClickListener listener =
                new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        // The "which" argument contains the position of the selected item.
                        PlaceItemUiModel selectedPlace = likelyPlaces.get(which);

                        // Add a marker for the selected place, with an info window
                        // showing information about that place.
                        map.addMarker(
                                new MarkerOptions()
                                        .title(selectedPlace.title)
                                        .position(selectedPlace.position)
                                        .snippet(selectedPlace.snippet));

                        // Position the map's camera at the location of the marker.
                        map.moveCamera(
                                CameraUpdateFactory.newLatLngZoom(
                                        selectedPlace.position, DEFAULT_ZOOM));
                    }
                };

        // Display the dialog.
        String[] titles = new String[likelyPlaces.size()];
        for (int i = 0; i < likelyPlaces.size(); i++) {
            titles[i] = likelyPlaces.get(i).title;
        }
        new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
                .setTitle(R.string.pick_place)
                .setItems(titles, listener)
                .show();
    }


    /** Updates the map's UI settings based on whether the user has granted location permission. */
    private void updateLocationUI() {
        if (map == null) {
            return;
        }
        try {
            if (locationPermissionGranted) {
                map.setMyLocationEnabled(true);
                map.getUiSettings().setMyLocationButtonEnabled(true);
            } else {
                map.setMyLocationEnabled(false);
                map.getUiSettings().setMyLocationButtonEnabled(false);
                lastKnownLocation = null;
            }
        } catch (SecurityException e) {
            Log.e("Exception: %s", e.getMessage());
        }
    }


    /** Updates the current location and searches for places around the specified coordinate. */
    void setCustomLocation(LatLng latLng) {
        Location location = new Location("manual");
        location.setLatitude(latLng.latitude);
        location.setLongitude(latLng.longitude);
        lastKnownLocation = location;
        if (map != null) {
            map.animateCamera(CameraUpdateFactory.newLatLng(latLng));
        }
        showCurrentPlace();
    }
}

    

צפייה בגרסת Kotlin של הפעילות:

    // Copyright 2020 Google LLC
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package com.example.currentplacedetailsonmap

import android.Manifest
import android.annotation.SuppressLint
import android.content.DialogInterface
import android.content.pm.PackageManager
import android.location.Location
import android.os.Bundle
import android.util.Log
import android.util.TypedValue
import android.view.Menu
import android.view.MenuItem
import android.view.View
import android.widget.FrameLayout
import android.widget.TextView
import android.widget.Toast
import androidx.appcompat.app.AlertDialog
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat
import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat
import com.google.android.gms.location.FusedLocationProviderClient
import com.google.android.gms.location.LocationServices
import com.google.android.gms.maps.CameraUpdateFactory
import com.google.android.gms.maps.GoogleMap
import com.google.android.gms.maps.GoogleMap.InfoWindowAdapter
import com.google.android.gms.maps.OnMapReadyCallback
import com.google.android.gms.maps.SupportMapFragment
import com.google.android.gms.maps.model.CameraPosition
import com.google.android.gms.maps.model.LatLng
import com.google.android.gms.maps.model.Marker
import com.google.android.gms.maps.model.MarkerOptions
import com.google.android.libraries.places.api.Places
import com.google.android.libraries.places.api.model.CircularBounds
import com.google.android.libraries.places.api.model.Place
import com.google.android.libraries.places.api.net.PlacesClient
import com.google.android.libraries.places.api.net.SearchNearbyRequest

/**
 * An activity that displays a map showing the place at the device's current location.
 */
class MapsActivityCurrentPlace :
    AppCompatActivity(),
    OnMapReadyCallback {
    private var map: GoogleMap? = null
    private var cameraPosition: CameraPosition? = null
    internal var selectedMarker: Marker? = null

    // The entry point to the Places API.
    private lateinit var placesClient: PlacesClient

    // The entry point to the Fused Location Provider.
    private lateinit var fusedLocationProviderClient: FusedLocationProviderClient

    // A default location (Sydney, Australia) and default zoom to use when location permission is
    // not granted.
    private val defaultLocation = LatLng(-33.8523341, 151.2106085)
    private var locationPermissionGranted = false

    // The geographical location where the device is currently located. That is, the last-known
    // location retrieved by the Fused Location Provider or set via long press.
    internal var lastKnownLocation: Location? = null

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

        // Retrieve location and camera position from saved instance state.
        if (savedInstanceState != null) {
            lastKnownLocation = savedInstanceState.getParcelable(KEY_LOCATION)
            cameraPosition = savedInstanceState.getParcelable(KEY_CAMERA_POSITION)
        }

        // Retrieve the content view that renders the map.
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_maps)

        ViewCompat.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener(window.decorView) { _, insets ->
            val systemBars = insets.getInsets(
                WindowInsetsCompat.Type.systemBars() or WindowInsetsCompat.Type.displayCutout(),
            )
            val actionBarContainer = window.decorView.findViewById<View>(androidx.appcompat.R.id.action_bar_container)
            actionBarContainer?.setPadding(
                actionBarContainer.paddingLeft,
                systemBars.top,
                actionBarContainer.paddingRight,
                actionBarContainer.paddingBottom,
            )
            val typedValue = TypedValue()
            val actionBarHeight = if (theme.resolveAttribute(android.R.attr.actionBarSize, typedValue, true)) {
                TypedValue.complexToDimensionPixelSize(typedValue.data, resources.displayMetrics)
            } else {
                0
            }
            map?.setPadding(0, systemBars.top + actionBarHeight, 0, systemBars.bottom)
            insets
        }
        // Construct a PlacesClient
        Places.initializeWithNewPlacesApiEnabled(applicationContext, BuildConfig.MAPS_API_KEY)
        placesClient = Places.createClient(this)

        // Construct a FusedLocationProviderClient.
        fusedLocationProviderClient = LocationServices.getFusedLocationProviderClient(this)

        // Build the map.
        val mapFragment = supportFragmentManager
            .findFragmentById(R.id.map) as SupportMapFragment?
        mapFragment?.getMapAsync(this)
    }

    /**
     * Saves the state of the map when the activity is paused.
     */
    override fun onSaveInstanceState(outState: Bundle) {
        map?.let { map ->
            outState.putParcelable(KEY_CAMERA_POSITION, map.cameraPosition)
            outState.putParcelable(KEY_LOCATION, lastKnownLocation)
        }
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState)
    }

    /**
     * Sets up the options menu.
     * @param menu The options menu.
     * @return Boolean.
     */
    override fun onCreateOptionsMenu(menu: Menu): Boolean {
        menuInflater.inflate(R.menu.current_place_menu, menu)
        return true
    }

    /**
     * Handles a click on the menu option to get a place.
     * @param item The menu item to handle.
     * @return Boolean.
     */
    override fun onOptionsItemSelected(item: MenuItem): Boolean {
        if (item.itemId == R.id.option_get_place) {
            showCurrentPlace()
        }
        return true
    }

    /**
     * Manipulates the map when it's available.
     * This callback is triggered when the map is ready to be used.
     */
    override fun onMapReady(map: GoogleMap) {
        this.map = map

        // Use a custom info window adapter to handle multiple lines of text in the
        // info window contents.
        this.map?.setInfoWindowAdapter(object : InfoWindowAdapter {
            // Return null here, so that getInfoContents() is called next.
            override fun getInfoWindow(arg0: Marker): View? = null

            override fun getInfoContents(marker: Marker): View {
                // Inflate the layouts for the info window, title and snippet.
                val infoWindow = layoutInflater.inflate(
                    R.layout.custom_info_contents,
                    findViewById<FrameLayout>(R.id.map),
                    false,
                )
                val title = infoWindow.findViewById<TextView>(R.id.title)
                title.text = marker.title
                val snippet = infoWindow.findViewById<TextView>(R.id.snippet)
                snippet.text = marker.snippet
                return infoWindow
            }
        })

        // Allow moving the current location with a long press on the map to easily
        // demo and discover nearby places anywhere in the world.
        this.map?.setOnMapLongClickListener { latLng ->
            setCustomLocation(latLng)
        }

        // Prompt the user for permission.
        getLocationPermission()

        val insets = ViewCompat.getRootWindowInsets(window.decorView)
            ?.getInsets(WindowInsetsCompat.Type.systemBars() or WindowInsetsCompat.Type.displayCutout())
        val topInset = insets?.top ?: 0
        val bottomInset = insets?.bottom ?: 0
        val typedValue = TypedValue()
        val actionBarHeight = if (theme.resolveAttribute(android.R.attr.actionBarSize, typedValue, true)) {
            TypedValue.complexToDimensionPixelSize(typedValue.data, resources.displayMetrics)
        } else {
            0
        }
        this.map?.setPadding(0, topInset + actionBarHeight, 0, bottomInset)

        // Turn on the My Location layer and the related control on the map.
        updateLocationUI()

        // Get the current location of the device and set the position of the map.
        getDeviceLocation()
    }

    /**
     * Gets the current location of the device, and positions the map's camera.
     */
    @SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
    private fun getDeviceLocation() {
        /*
         * Get the best and most recent location of the device, which may be null in rare
         * cases when a location is not available.
         */
        try {
            if (locationPermissionGranted) {
                val locationResult = fusedLocationProviderClient.lastLocation
                locationResult.addOnCompleteListener(this) { task ->
                    if (task.isSuccessful) {
                        // Set the map's camera position to the current location of the device.
                        lastKnownLocation = task.result
                        if (lastKnownLocation != null) {
                            map?.moveCamera(
                                CameraUpdateFactory.newLatLngZoom(
                                    LatLng(
                                        lastKnownLocation!!.latitude,
                                        lastKnownLocation!!.longitude,
                                    ),
                                    DEFAULT_ZOOM.toFloat(),
                                ),
                            )
                        }
                    } else {
                        Log.d(TAG, "Current location is null. Using defaults.")
                        Log.e(TAG, "Exception: %s", task.exception)
                        map?.moveCamera(
                            CameraUpdateFactory
                                .newLatLngZoom(defaultLocation, DEFAULT_ZOOM.toFloat()),
                        )
                        map?.uiSettings?.isMyLocationButtonEnabled = false
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (e: SecurityException) {
            Log.e("Exception: %s", e.message, e)
        }
    }

    /**
     * Prompts the user for permission to use the device location.
     */
    private fun getLocationPermission() {
        /*
         * Request location permission, so that we can get the location of the
         * device. The result of the permission request is handled by a callback,
         * onRequestPermissionsResult.
         */
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(
                this.applicationContext,
                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
            )
            == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
        ) {
            locationPermissionGranted = true
        } else {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(
                this,
                arrayOf(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION),
                PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
            )
        }
    }

    /**
     * Handles the result of the request for location permissions.
     */
    override fun onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode: Int, permissions: Array<String>, grantResults: IntArray) {
        locationPermissionGranted = false
        when (requestCode) {
            PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION -> {
                // If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.
                if (grantResults.isNotEmpty() &&
                    grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                ) {
                    locationPermissionGranted = true
                }
            }

            else -> super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults)
        }
        updateLocationUI()
    }

    private fun Place.toUiModel(): PlaceItemUiModel? = toPlaceItemUiModel(this, getString(R.string.default_info_title))

    /**
     * Prompts the user to select the current place from a list of likely places, and shows the
     * current place on the map - provided the user has granted location permission.
     */
    private fun showCurrentPlace() {
        val map = map ?: return
        if (lastKnownLocation?.provider == "manual") {
            locationPermissionGranted = true
        }
        if (locationPermissionGranted) {
            // Use fields to define the data types to return.
            val placeFields = listOf(
                Place.Field.DISPLAY_NAME,
                Place.Field.FORMATTED_ADDRESS,
                Place.Field.LOCATION,
            )

            // Search around the device's last-known location, falling back to the center of
            // the map if the location is not available yet.
            val center = lastKnownLocation?.let { LatLng(it.latitude, it.longitude) }
                ?: map.cameraPosition.target
            val searchArea = CircularBounds.newInstance(center, SEARCH_RADIUS_METERS)

            // Use the builder to create a SearchNearbyRequest that returns the closest places
            // first.
            val request = SearchNearbyRequest.builder(searchArea, placeFields)
                .setMaxResultCount(M_MAX_ENTRIES)
                .setRankPreference(SearchNearbyRequest.RankPreference.DISTANCE)
                .build()

            // Get the likely places - that is, the businesses and other points of interest that
            // are closest to the device's current location.
            val placeResult = placesClient.searchNearby(request)
            placeResult.addOnCompleteListener { task ->
                if (task.isSuccessful && task.result != null) {
                    val likelyPlaces = task.result.places
                        .take(M_MAX_ENTRIES)
                        .mapNotNull { it.toUiModel() }

                    // Show a dialog offering the user the list of likely places, and add a
                    // marker at the selected place.
                    openPlacesDialog(likelyPlaces)
                } else {
                    Log.e(TAG, "Exception: %s", task.exception)
                }
            }
        } else {
            // The user has not granted permission.
            Log.i(TAG, "The user did not grant location permission.")

            // Add a default marker, because the user hasn't selected a place.
            map.addMarker(
                MarkerOptions()
                    .title(getString(R.string.default_info_title))
                    .position(defaultLocation)
                    .snippet(getString(R.string.default_info_snippet)),
            )

            // Prompt the user for permission.
            getLocationPermission()
        }
    }

    /**
     * Displays a form allowing the user to select a place from a list of likely places.
     */
    internal fun openPlacesDialog(likelyPlaces: List<PlaceItemUiModel>) {
        if (likelyPlaces.isEmpty()) {
            Toast.makeText(
                this,
                "No places found nearby. Long-press on the map to choose another location.",
                Toast.LENGTH_LONG,
            ).show()
            return
        }
        // Ask the user to choose the place where they are now.
        val listener = DialogInterface.OnClickListener { _, which ->
            // The "which" argument contains the position of the selected item.
            val selectedPlace = likelyPlaces[which]

            // Add a marker for the selected place, with an info window
            // showing information about that place.
            selectedMarker = map?.addMarker(
                MarkerOptions()
                    .title(selectedPlace.title)
                    .position(selectedPlace.position)
                    .snippet(selectedPlace.snippet),
            )

            // Position the map's camera at the location of the marker.
            map?.moveCamera(
                CameraUpdateFactory.newLatLngZoom(
                    selectedPlace.position,
                    DEFAULT_ZOOM.toFloat(),
                ),
            )
        }

        // Display the dialog.
        val titles = likelyPlaces.map { it.title }.toTypedArray()
        AlertDialog.Builder(this)
            .setTitle(R.string.pick_place)
            .setItems(titles, listener)
            .show()
    }

    /**
     * Updates the map's UI settings based on whether the user has granted location permission.
     */
    @SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
    private fun updateLocationUI() {
        if (map == null) {
            return
        }
        try {
            if (locationPermissionGranted) {
                map?.isMyLocationEnabled = true
                map?.uiSettings?.isMyLocationButtonEnabled = true
            } else {
                map?.isMyLocationEnabled = false
                map?.uiSettings?.isMyLocationButtonEnabled = false
                lastKnownLocation = null
                getLocationPermission()
            }
        } catch (e: SecurityException) {
            Log.e("Exception: %s", e.message, e)
        }
    }

    /**
     * Updates the current location and searches for places around the specified coordinate.
     */
    internal fun setCustomLocation(latLng: LatLng) {
        val location = Location("manual").apply {
            latitude = latLng.latitude
            longitude = latLng.longitude
        }
        lastKnownLocation = location
        map?.animateCamera(CameraUpdateFactory.newLatLng(latLng))
        showCurrentPlace()
    }

    companion object {
        private val TAG = MapsActivityCurrentPlace::class.java.simpleName
        private const val DEFAULT_ZOOM = 15
        private const val PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = 1

        // Keys for storing activity state.
        private const val KEY_CAMERA_POSITION = "camera_position"
        private const val KEY_LOCATION = "location"

        // Used for selecting the current place.
        private const val M_MAX_ENTRIES = 5
        private const val SEARCH_RADIUS_METERS = 100.0
    }
}


/**
 * UI representation of a place item to display in the selection dialog and map marker.
 *
 * It is good practice to decouple the external data/backend model ([Place]) from the UI layer.
 * The UI should be as free of logic as possible: it receives presentation-ready data (non-null
 * coordinates, ready-to-display title and snippet strings) so that dialogs and map overlays
 * remain simple, predictable, and testable.
 */
internal data class PlaceItemUiModel(val title: String, val snippet: String, val position: LatLng)

/**
 * Maps an external [Place] domain model into a display-ready [PlaceItemUiModel].
 *
 * The mapper encapsulates all data normalization, default value fallbacks (such as fallback
 * titles), and string formatting (such as appending third-party attributions to the address).
 * Keeping this transformation logic in the mapper prevents business and formatting logic
 * from leaking into the UI components. Returns `null` if essential coordinates are missing.
 */
internal fun toPlaceItemUiModel(place: Place, defaultTitle: String): PlaceItemUiModel? {
    val position = place.location ?: return null
    val title = place.displayName ?: defaultTitle
    val snippet = buildString {
        place.formattedAddress?.let { append(it) }
        place.attributions?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() }?.let {
            if (isNotEmpty()) append("\n")
            append(it.joinToString("\n"))
        }
    }
    return PlaceItemUiModel(title = title, snippet = snippet, position = position)
}

    

הגדרת פרויקט הפיתוח

כדי ליצור את פרויקט המדריך ב-Android Studio, פועלים לפי השלבים הבאים.

  1. הורד/י את Android Studio והתקן/י אותו.
  2. מוסיפים את החבילה Google Play Services ל-Android Studio.
  3. משכפלים או מורידים את מאגר הדוגמאות של Google Maps Android API v2, אם לא עשיתם את זה כשהתחלתם לקרוא את המדריך הזה.
  4. מייבאים את פרויקט המדריך:

    • ב-Android Studio, לוחצים על File > ‏New > ‏Import Project (קובץ > חדש > ייבוא פרויקט).
    • עוברים למיקום שבו שמרתם את מאגר הדוגמאות של Google Maps Android API v2 אחרי שהורדתם אותו.
    • מאתרים את הפרויקט CurrentPlaceDetailsOnMap במיקום הזה:
      PATH-TO-SAVED-REPO/android-samples/tutorials/java/CurrentPlaceDetailsOnMap (Java) או
      PATH-TO-SAVED-REPO/android-samples/tutorials/kotlin/CurrentPlaceDetailsOnMap (Kotlin)
    • בוחרים את ספריית הפרויקט ולוחצים על Open. ‫Android Studio יוצר עכשיו את הפרויקט באמצעות כלי ה-build של Gradle.

הפעלת ממשקי ה-API הנדרשים וקבלת מפתח API

כדי להשלים את המדריך הזה, אתם צריכים פרויקט ב-Google Cloud עם ממשקי ה-API הנדרשים, ומפתח API שמורשה להשתמש ב-SDK של מפות ל-Android. לפרטים נוספים:

כדי לראות את ממשקי ה-API שהפעלתם, נכנסים לדף של Google Maps Platform במסוף Cloud ובוחרים את הפרויקט:

לדף של הפלטפורמה של מפות Google

אם Places API לא מופעל בפרויקט, צריך להפעיל אותו:

הפעלת Places API

אם מוסיפים הגבלות למפתח ה-API, חשוב להוסיף את Places API למפתח. מידע נוסף זמין במאמר שימוש במפתחות API.

הוספת מפתח ה-API לאפליקציה

  1. פותחים את הקובץ local.properties של הפרויקט.
  2. מוסיפים את המחרוזת הבאה ומחליפים את YOUR_API_KEY בערך של מפתח ה-API:

    MAPS_API_KEY=YOUR_API_KEY

    כשיוצרים את האפליקציה, הפלאגין Secrets Gradle ל-Android מעתיק את מפתח ה-API והופך אותו לזמין כמשתנה build במניפסט של Android.

יוצרים ומריצים את האפליקציה

  1. מחברים מכשיר Android למחשב. פועלים לפי ההוראות כדי להפעיל את אפשרויות המפתח במכשיר Android ולהגדיר את המערכת לזיהוי המכשיר.

    לחלופין, אתם יכולים להשתמש ב-Android Virtual Device (AVD) Manager כדי להגדיר מכשיר וירטואלי. כשבוחרים אמולטור, חשוב לבחור קובץ אימג' שכולל את Google APIs. פרטים נוספים זמינים במאמר הגדרת פרויקט ב-Android Studio.

  2. ב-Android Studio, לוחצים על האפשרות Run בתפריט (או על סמל ההפעלה). בוחרים מכשיר לפי ההנחיות.

‫Android Studio מפעיל את Gradle כדי ליצור את האפליקציה, ואז מריץ את האפליקציה במכשיר או באמולטור. אמורה להופיע מפה עם כמה סמנים, כשהמיקום הנוכחי שלכם במרכז, בדומה לתמונה שבדף הזה.

  1. בוחרים באפשרות Get Place (קבלת מקום) כדי לפתוח רשימה של מקומות (עסק או נקודת עניין אחרת) ליד המיקום הנוכחי. כדי לראות את רשימת המקומות, צריך לתת הרשאת מיקום כשמוצגת בקשה לכך.
  2. בוחרים מקום מהרשימה. סמן נוסף למפה במקום שנבחר.

פתרון בעיות:

  • אם המפה לא מוצגת, צריך לוודא שקיבלתם מפתח API והוספתם אותו לאפליקציה, כמו שמתואר למעלה. בודקים אם יש הודעות שגיאה לגבי מפתח ה-API ביומן של Android Monitor ב-Android Studio.
  • אם במפה מוצג רק סמן אחד שנמצא בגשר נמל סידני (מיקום ברירת המחדל שצוין באפליקציה), צריך לוודא שנתתם לאפליקציה הרשאת מיקום. האפליקציה מבקשת הרשאת מיקום בזמן הריצה, לפי התבנית שמתוארת במדריך להרשאות ב-Android. שימו לב שאפשר גם להגדיר הרשאות ישירות במכשיר, בדרך הבאה: הגדרות > אפליקציות > שם האפליקציה > הרשאות > מיקום. כדי לדעת איך לטפל בהרשאות בקוד, עיינו במדריך שבהמשך בנושא בקשת הרשאת מיקום באפליקציה.
  • משתמשים בכלים לניפוי באגים של Android Studio כדי להציג יומנים ולנפות באגים באפליקציה.

הבנת הקוד

בחלק הזה של המדריך מוסברים החלקים החשובים ביותר באפליקציה CurrentPlaceDetailsOnMap, כדי לעזור לכם להבין איך ליצור אפליקציה דומה.

יצירת מופע של לקוח Places API

האובייקטים האלה הם נקודות הכניסה העיקריות ל-Places SDK ל-Android:

  • הכיתה Places יוצרת ומנהלת לקוחות של Places SDK ל-Android.
  • הממשק PlacesClient מאחזר את המיקום הנוכחי של המכשיר ואת המקומות שנמצאים בקרבת המיקום.

הממשק LocationServices הוא נקודת הכניסה הראשית לשירותי המיקום של Android.

כדי להשתמש בממשקי ה-API, מבצעים את הפעולות הבאות ב-method‏ onCreate() של המקטע או הפעילות:

  1. מאתחלים אובייקט Places.
  2. יוצרים אובייקט PlacesClient.
  3. יוצרים אובייקט FusedLocationProviderClient.

לדוגמה:

Java

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    // ...

    // Retrieve the content view that renders the map.
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_maps);

    // Construct a PlacesClient
    Places.initialize(getApplicationContext(), getString(R.string.maps_api_key));
    placesClient = Places.createClient(this);

    // Construct a FusedLocationProviderClient.
    fusedLocationProviderClient = LocationServices.getFusedLocationProviderClient(this);
}

Kotlin

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

    // ...

    // Retrieve the content view that renders the map.
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_maps)

    // Construct a PlacesClient
    Places.initialize(applicationContext, getString(R.string.maps_api_key))
    placesClient = Places.createClient(this)

    // Construct a FusedLocationProviderClient.
    fusedLocationProviderClient = LocationServices.getFusedLocationProviderClient(this)

}

שליחת בקשה להרשאת מיקום

האפליקציה צריכה לבקש הרשאת מיקום כדי לקבוע את מיקום המכשיר ולאפשר למשתמש ללחוץ על הכפתור המיקום שלי במפה.

במדריך הזה מופיע הקוד שצריך כדי לבקש הרשאת מיקום מדויק. פרטים נוספים זמינים במדריך בנושא הרשאות ב-Android.

  1. מוסיפים את ההרשאה כצאצא של הרכיב <manifest> במניפסט של Android:

    <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        package="com.example.currentplacedetailsonmap">
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
    </manifest>
  2. מבקשים הרשאות בתחילת ההפעלה של האפליקציה, כדי לתת למשתמשים אפשרות לאשר או לדחות את הרשאת המיקום. הקוד הבא בודק אם המשתמש נתן הרשאה למיקום מדויק. אם לא, היא מבקשת את ההרשאה:

    Java

    private void getLocationPermission() {
        /*
         * Request location permission, so that we can get the location of the
         * device. The result of the permission request is handled by a callback,
         * onRequestPermissionsResult.
         */
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(
                        this.getApplicationContext(),
                        android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)
                == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            locationPermissionGranted = true;
        } else {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(
                    this,
                    new String[] {android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION},
                    PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
        }
    }
    

    Kotlin

    private fun getLocationPermission() {
        /*
         * Request location permission, so that we can get the location of the
         * device. The result of the permission request is handled by a callback,
         * onRequestPermissionsResult.
         */
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(
                this.applicationContext,
                Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
            )
            == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
        ) {
            locationPermissionGranted = true
        } else {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(
                this,
                arrayOf(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION),
                PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
            )
        }
    }
  3. מבטלים את הקריאה החוזרת (callback) של onRequestPermissionsResult() כדי לטפל בתוצאה של בקשת ההרשאה:

    Java

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(
            int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        locationPermissionGranted = false;
        if (requestCode
                == PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) { // If request is cancelled, the
            // result arrays are empty.
            if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                locationPermissionGranted = true;
            }
        } else {
            super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        }
        updateLocationUI();
    }
    

    Kotlin

    override fun onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode: Int, permissions: Array<String>, grantResults: IntArray) {
        locationPermissionGranted = false
        when (requestCode) {
            PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION -> {
                // If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.
                if (grantResults.isNotEmpty() &&
                    grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                ) {
                    locationPermissionGranted = true
                }
            }
    
            else -> super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults)
        }
        updateLocationUI()
    }

    בהמשך המדריך נתאר את השיטה updateLocationUI().

הוספת מפה

להציג מפה באמצעות ה-SDK של מפות ל-Android.

  1. מוסיפים רכיב <fragment> לקובץ הפריסה של הפעילות, activity_maps.xml. הרכיב הזה מגדיר SupportMapFragment שישמש כמאגר למפה ויספק גישה לאובייקט GoogleMap. במדריך נעשה שימוש בגרסה של ספריית התמיכה של Android של קטע המפה, כדי להבטיח תאימות לדורות קודמים של Android framework.

    <!--
     Copyright 2020 Google LLC
    
     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
     You may obtain a copy of the License at
    
          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    
     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
     limitations under the License.
    -->
    
    <fragment xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
        android:id="@+id/map"
        android:name="com.google.android.gms.maps.SupportMapFragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        tools:context="com.example.currentplacedetailsonmap.MapsActivityCurrentPlace" />
  2. ב-method onCreate() של הפעילות, מגדירים את קובץ הפריסה בתור תצוגת התוכן:

    Java

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    
    
        // Retrieve the content view that renders the map.
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_maps);
    
    }
    

    Kotlin

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
    
    
        // Retrieve the content view that renders the map.
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_maps)
    
    }
  3. מטמיעים את הממשק OnMapReadyCallback ומבטלים את השיטה onMapReady() כדי להגדיר את המפה כשהאובייקט GoogleMap זמין:

    Java

    @Override
    public void onMapReady(GoogleMap map) {
        this.map = map;
    
        // ...
    
        // Turn on the My Location layer and the related control on the map.
        updateLocationUI();
    
        // Get the current location of the device and set the position of the map.
        getDeviceLocation();
    }
    

    Kotlin

    override fun onMapReady(map: GoogleMap) {
        this.map = map
    
        // ...
    
        // Turn on the My Location layer and the related control on the map.
        updateLocationUI()
    
        // Get the current location of the device and set the position of the map.
        getDeviceLocation()
    }
  4. בשיטה onCreate() של הפעילות, מקבלים נקודת אחיזה ל-fragment של המפה על ידי קריאה ל-FragmentManager.findFragmentById(). לאחר מכן, משתמשים ב-getMapAsync() כדי להירשם לקריאה החוזרת (callback) של המפה:

    Java

    SupportMapFragment mapFragment =
            (SupportMapFragment) getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.map);
    mapFragment.getMapAsync(this);

    Kotlin

    val mapFragment = supportFragmentManager
        .findFragmentById(R.id.map) as SupportMapFragment?
    mapFragment?.getMapAsync(this)
  5. כותבים שיטת updateLocationUI() כדי להגדיר את פקדי המיקום במפה. אם המשתמש נתן הרשאת מיקום, מפעילים את שכבת "המיקום שלי" ואת הפקד הקשור במפה. אחרת, משביתים את השכבה ואת הפקד, ומגדירים את המיקום הנוכחי כ-null:

    Java

    private void updateLocationUI() {
        if (map == null) {
            return;
        }
        try {
            if (locationPermissionGranted) {
                map.setMyLocationEnabled(true);
                map.getUiSettings().setMyLocationButtonEnabled(true);
            } else {
                map.setMyLocationEnabled(false);
                map.getUiSettings().setMyLocationButtonEnabled(false);
                lastKnownLocation = null;
            }
        } catch (SecurityException e) {
            Log.e("Exception: %s", e.getMessage());
        }
    }
    

    Kotlin

    @SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
    private fun updateLocationUI() {
        if (map == null) {
            return
        }
        try {
            if (locationPermissionGranted) {
                map?.isMyLocationEnabled = true
                map?.uiSettings?.isMyLocationButtonEnabled = true
            } else {
                map?.isMyLocationEnabled = false
                map?.uiSettings?.isMyLocationButtonEnabled = false
                lastKnownLocation = null
                getLocationPermission()
            }
        } catch (e: SecurityException) {
            Log.e("Exception: %s", e.message, e)
        }
    }

קבלת המיקום של מכשיר Android ומיקום המפה

משתמשים בספק המיקום המשולב כדי למצוא את המיקום האחרון הידוע של המכשיר, ואז משתמשים במיקום הזה כדי למקם את המפה. הקוד שאתם צריכים מופיע במדריך. לפרטים נוספים על קבלת המיקום של המכשיר, עיינו במדריך בנושא ספק מיקום משולב (FLP) בממשקי ה-API של Google Play Services למיקום.

Java

private void getDeviceLocation() {
    /*
     * Get the best and most recent location of the device, which may be null in rare
     * cases when a location is not available.
     */
    try {
        if (locationPermissionGranted) {
            Task<Location> locationResult = fusedLocationProviderClient.getLastLocation();
            locationResult.addOnCompleteListener(
                    this,
                    new OnCompleteListener<Location>() {
                        @Override
                        public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<Location> task) {
                            if (task.isSuccessful()) {
                                // Set the map's camera position to the current location of the
                                // device.
                                lastKnownLocation = task.getResult();
                                if (lastKnownLocation != null) {
                                    map.moveCamera(
                                            CameraUpdateFactory.newLatLngZoom(
                                                    new LatLng(
                                                            lastKnownLocation.getLatitude(),
                                                            lastKnownLocation.getLongitude()),
                                                    DEFAULT_ZOOM));
                                }
                            } else {
                                Log.d(TAG, "Current location is null. Using defaults.");
                                Log.e(TAG, "Exception: %s", task.getException());
                                map.moveCamera(
                                        CameraUpdateFactory.newLatLngZoom(
                                                defaultLocation, DEFAULT_ZOOM));
                                map.getUiSettings().setMyLocationButtonEnabled(false);
                            }
                        }
                    });
        }
    } catch (SecurityException e) {
        Log.e("Exception: %s", e.getMessage(), e);
    }
}

Kotlin

@SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
private fun getDeviceLocation() {
    /*
     * Get the best and most recent location of the device, which may be null in rare
     * cases when a location is not available.
     */
    try {
        if (locationPermissionGranted) {
            val locationResult = fusedLocationProviderClient.lastLocation
            locationResult.addOnCompleteListener(this) { task ->
                if (task.isSuccessful) {
                    // Set the map's camera position to the current location of the device.
                    lastKnownLocation = task.result
                    if (lastKnownLocation != null) {
                        map?.moveCamera(
                            CameraUpdateFactory.newLatLngZoom(
                                LatLng(
                                    lastKnownLocation!!.latitude,
                                    lastKnownLocation!!.longitude,
                                ),
                                DEFAULT_ZOOM.toFloat(),
                            ),
                        )
                    }
                } else {
                    Log.d(TAG, "Current location is null. Using defaults.")
                    Log.e(TAG, "Exception: %s", task.exception)
                    map?.moveCamera(
                        CameraUpdateFactory
                            .newLatLngZoom(defaultLocation, DEFAULT_ZOOM.toFloat()),
                    )
                    map?.uiSettings?.isMyLocationButtonEnabled = false
                }
            }
        }
    } catch (e: SecurityException) {
        Log.e("Exception: %s", e.message, e)
    }
}

איך מקבלים את המיקום הנוכחי

אתם יכולים להשתמש ב-Places SDK ל-Android כדי לקבל רשימה של מקומות סבירים במיקום הנוכחי של המכשיר. בהקשר הזה, מקום הוא עסק או נקודת עניין אחרת.

במדריך הזה, המיקום הנוכחי מתקבל כשהמשתמש לוחץ על הלחצן Get Place. היא מציעה למשתמש רשימה של מקומות סבירים לבחירה, ואז מוסיפה סמן במפה במיקום של המקום שנבחר. במדריך מופיע הקוד שצריך כדי ליצור אינטראקציה עם Places SDK ל-Android. מידע נוסף זמין במדריך בנושא קבלת המיקום הנוכחי.

  1. כדי להגדיר את תפריט האפשרויות, יוצרים קובץ פריסה (current_place_menu.xml) לתפריט האפשרויות ומבטלים את השיטה onCreateOptionsMenu(). הקוד מופיע באפליקציה לדוגמה שמצורפת.
  2. משנים את השיטה onOptionsItemSelected() כדי לקבל את המיקום הנוכחי כשהמשתמש לוחץ על האפשרות Get Place:

    Java

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        if (item.getItemId() == R.id.option_get_place) {
            showCurrentPlace();
        }
        return true;
    }
    

    Kotlin

    override fun onOptionsItemSelected(item: MenuItem): Boolean {
        if (item.itemId == R.id.option_get_place) {
            showCurrentPlace()
        }
        return true
    }
  3. יוצרים שיטה מסוג showCurrentPlace() כדי לקבל רשימה של מקומות סבירים במיקום הנוכחי של המכשיר:

    Java

    private void showCurrentPlace() {
        if (map == null) {
            return;
        }
    
        // ...
    
        if (locationPermissionGranted) {
            // Use fields to define the data types to return.
            List<Place.Field> placeFields =
                    Arrays.asList(
                            Place.Field.DISPLAY_NAME,
                            Place.Field.FORMATTED_ADDRESS,
                            Place.Field.LOCATION);
    
            // Search around the device's last-known location, falling back to the center of the
            // map if the location is not available yet.
            LatLng center =
                    lastKnownLocation != null
                            ? new LatLng(
                                    lastKnownLocation.getLatitude(),
                                    lastKnownLocation.getLongitude())
                            : map.getCameraPosition().target;
            CircularBounds searchArea = CircularBounds.newInstance(center, SEARCH_RADIUS_METERS);
    
            // Use the builder to create a SearchNearbyRequest that returns the closest places
            // first.
            SearchNearbyRequest request =
                    SearchNearbyRequest.builder(searchArea, placeFields)
                            .setMaxResultCount(M_MAX_ENTRIES)
                            .setRankPreference(SearchNearbyRequest.RankPreference.DISTANCE)
                            .build();
    
            // Get the likely places - that is, the businesses and other points of interest that
            // are closest to the device's current location.
            final Task<SearchNearbyResponse> placeResult = placesClient.searchNearby(request);
            placeResult.addOnCompleteListener(
                    new OnCompleteListener<SearchNearbyResponse>() {
                        @Override
                        public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<SearchNearbyResponse> task) {
                            if (task.isSuccessful() && task.getResult() != null) {
                                List<Place> responsePlaces = task.getResult().getPlaces();
                                int count = Math.min(responsePlaces.size(), M_MAX_ENTRIES);
                                List<PlaceItemUiModel> likelyPlaces = new ArrayList<>();
                                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                                    PlaceItemUiModel model = toUiModel(responsePlaces.get(i));
                                    if (model != null) {
                                        likelyPlaces.add(model);
                                    }
                                }
    
                                // Show a dialog offering the user the list of likely places, and
                                // add a marker at the selected place.
                                MapsActivityCurrentPlace.this.openPlacesDialog(likelyPlaces);
                            } else {
                                Log.e(TAG, "Exception: %s", task.getException());
                            }
                        }
                    });
        } else {
            // The user has not granted permission.
            Log.i(TAG, "The user did not grant location permission.");
    
            // Add a default marker, because the user hasn't selected a place.
            map.addMarker(
                    new MarkerOptions()
                            .title(getString(R.string.default_info_title))
                            .position(defaultLocation)
                            .snippet(getString(R.string.default_info_snippet)));
    
            // Prompt the user for permission.
            getLocationPermission();
        }
    }
    

    Kotlin

    private fun showCurrentPlace() {
        val map = map ?: return
        // ...
        if (locationPermissionGranted) {
            // Use fields to define the data types to return.
            val placeFields = listOf(
                Place.Field.DISPLAY_NAME,
                Place.Field.FORMATTED_ADDRESS,
                Place.Field.LOCATION,
            )
    
            // Search around the device's last-known location, falling back to the center of
            // the map if the location is not available yet.
            val center = lastKnownLocation?.let { LatLng(it.latitude, it.longitude) }
                ?: map.cameraPosition.target
            val searchArea = CircularBounds.newInstance(center, SEARCH_RADIUS_METERS)
    
            // Use the builder to create a SearchNearbyRequest that returns the closest places
            // first.
            val request = SearchNearbyRequest.builder(searchArea, placeFields)
                .setMaxResultCount(M_MAX_ENTRIES)
                .setRankPreference(SearchNearbyRequest.RankPreference.DISTANCE)
                .build()
    
            // Get the likely places - that is, the businesses and other points of interest that
            // are closest to the device's current location.
            val placeResult = placesClient.searchNearby(request)
            placeResult.addOnCompleteListener { task ->
                if (task.isSuccessful && task.result != null) {
                    val likelyPlaces = task.result.places
                        .take(M_MAX_ENTRIES)
                        .mapNotNull { it.toUiModel() }
    
                    // Show a dialog offering the user the list of likely places, and add a
                    // marker at the selected place.
                    openPlacesDialog(likelyPlaces)
                } else {
                    Log.e(TAG, "Exception: %s", task.exception)
                }
            }
        } else {
            // The user has not granted permission.
            Log.i(TAG, "The user did not grant location permission.")
    
            // Add a default marker, because the user hasn't selected a place.
            map.addMarker(
                MarkerOptions()
                    .title(getString(R.string.default_info_title))
                    .position(defaultLocation)
                    .snippet(getString(R.string.default_info_snippet)),
            )
    
            // Prompt the user for permission.
            getLocationPermission()
        }
    }
  4. יוצרים שיטת openPlacesDialog() כדי להציג טופס שמאפשר למשתמש לבחור מקום מתוך רשימה של מקומות סבירים. מוסיפים סמן במפה למקום שנבחר. תוכן הסמן כולל את השם והכתובת של המקום, וכל שיוך (Attribution) שה-API מספק:

    Java

    void openPlacesDialog(List<PlaceItemUiModel> likelyPlaces) {
        // ...
        // Ask the user to choose the place where they are now.
        DialogInterface.OnClickListener listener =
                new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        // The "which" argument contains the position of the selected item.
                        PlaceItemUiModel selectedPlace = likelyPlaces.get(which);
    
                        // Add a marker for the selected place, with an info window
                        // showing information about that place.
                        map.addMarker(
                                new MarkerOptions()
                                        .title(selectedPlace.title)
                                        .position(selectedPlace.position)
                                        .snippet(selectedPlace.snippet));
    
                        // Position the map's camera at the location of the marker.
                        map.moveCamera(
                                CameraUpdateFactory.newLatLngZoom(
                                        selectedPlace.position, DEFAULT_ZOOM));
                    }
                };
    
        // Display the dialog.
        String[] titles = new String[likelyPlaces.size()];
        for (int i = 0; i < likelyPlaces.size(); i++) {
            titles[i] = likelyPlaces.get(i).title;
        }
        new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
                .setTitle(R.string.pick_place)
                .setItems(titles, listener)
                .show();
    }
    

    Kotlin

    internal fun openPlacesDialog(likelyPlaces: List<PlaceItemUiModel>) {
        // ...
        // Ask the user to choose the place where they are now.
        val listener = DialogInterface.OnClickListener { _, which ->
            // The "which" argument contains the position of the selected item.
            val selectedPlace = likelyPlaces[which]
    
            // Add a marker for the selected place, with an info window
            // showing information about that place.
            selectedMarker = map?.addMarker(
                MarkerOptions()
                    .title(selectedPlace.title)
                    .position(selectedPlace.position)
                    .snippet(selectedPlace.snippet),
            )
    
            // Position the map's camera at the location of the marker.
            map?.moveCamera(
                CameraUpdateFactory.newLatLngZoom(
                    selectedPlace.position,
                    DEFAULT_ZOOM.toFloat(),
                ),
            )
        }
    
        // Display the dialog.
        val titles = likelyPlaces.map { it.title }.toTypedArray()
        AlertDialog.Builder(this)
            .setTitle(R.string.pick_place)
            .setItems(titles, listener)
            .show()
    }
  5. יוצרים פריסה בהתאמה אישית לתוכן של חלון המידע. כך אפשר להציג כמה שורות של תוכן בחלון המידע. קודם כל, מוסיפים קובץ פריסה בפורמט XML,‏ custom_info_contents.xml, שמכיל תצוגת טקסט לכותרת של חלון המידע ותצוגת טקסט נוספת לתקציר (כלומר, התוכן הטקסטואלי של חלון המידע):

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <!--
     Copyright 2020 Google LLC
    
     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
     You may obtain a copy of the License at
    
          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    
     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
     limitations under the License.
    -->
    
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layoutDirection="locale"
        android:orientation="vertical">
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/title"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
            android:textColor="#ff000000"
            android:textStyle="bold" />
    
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/snippet"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textColor="#ff7f7f7f" />
    </LinearLayout>
  6. מטמיעים את הממשק InfoWindowAdapter כדי להרחיב את הפריסה ולטעון את התוכן של חלון המידע:

    Java

    // Use a custom info window adapter to handle multiple lines of text in the
    // info window contents.
    this.map.setInfoWindowAdapter(
            new GoogleMap.InfoWindowAdapter() {
    
                @Override
                // Return null here, so that getInfoContents() is called next.
                public View getInfoWindow(Marker arg0) {
                    return null;
                }
    
                @Override
                public View getInfoContents(Marker marker) {
                    // Inflate the layouts for the info window, title and snippet.
                    View infoWindow =
                            getLayoutInflater()
                                    .inflate(
                                            R.layout.custom_info_contents,
                                            (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.map),
                                            false);
    
                    TextView title = infoWindow.findViewById(R.id.title);
                    title.setText(marker.getTitle());
    
                    TextView snippet = infoWindow.findViewById(R.id.snippet);
                    snippet.setText(marker.getSnippet());
    
                    return infoWindow;
                }
            });

    Kotlin

    // Use a custom info window adapter to handle multiple lines of text in the
    // info window contents.
    this.map?.setInfoWindowAdapter(object : InfoWindowAdapter {
        // Return null here, so that getInfoContents() is called next.
        override fun getInfoWindow(arg0: Marker): View? = null
    
        override fun getInfoContents(marker: Marker): View {
            // Inflate the layouts for the info window, title and snippet.
            val infoWindow = layoutInflater.inflate(
                R.layout.custom_info_contents,
                findViewById<FrameLayout>(R.id.map),
                false,
            )
            val title = infoWindow.findViewById<TextView>(R.id.title)
            title.text = marker.title
            val snippet = infoWindow.findViewById<TextView>(R.id.snippet)
            snippet.text = marker.snippet
            return infoWindow
        }
    })

שמירת מצב המפה

שומרים את מיקום המצלמה במפה ואת מיקום המכשיר. כשמשתמש מסובב מכשיר Android או משנה את ההגדרות, מסגרת Android משמידה ובונה מחדש את הפעילות במפות Google. כדי לספק חוויית משתמש חלקה, כדאי לשמור את מצב האפליקציה הרלוונטי ולשחזר אותו כשצריך.

במדריך הזה מופיע כל הקוד שצריך כדי לשמור את מצב המפה. לפרטים נוספים, קראו את המדריך לחבילת savedInstanceState.

  1. בפעילות במפות Google, מגדירים ערכי מפתח לאחסון מצב הפעילות:

    Java

    private static final String KEY_CAMERA_POSITION = "camera_position";
    private static final String KEY_LOCATION = "location";

    Kotlin

    private const val KEY_CAMERA_POSITION = "camera_position"
    private const val KEY_LOCATION = "location"
  2. מטמיעים את פונקציית ה-callback‏ onSaveInstanceState() כדי לשמור את המצב כשהפעילות מושהית:

    Java

    @Override
    protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
        if (map != null) {
            outState.putParcelable(KEY_CAMERA_POSITION, map.getCameraPosition());
            outState.putParcelable(KEY_LOCATION, lastKnownLocation);
        }
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
    }
    

    Kotlin

    override fun onSaveInstanceState(outState: Bundle) {
        map?.let { map ->
            outState.putParcelable(KEY_CAMERA_POSITION, map.cameraPosition)
            outState.putParcelable(KEY_LOCATION, lastKnownLocation)
        }
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState)
    }
  3. ב-method‏ onCreate() של הפעילות, מאחזרים את מיקום המכשיר ואת מיקום המצלמה במפה, אם הם נשמרו בעבר:

    Java

    // Retrieve location and camera position from saved instance state.
    if (savedInstanceState != null) {
        lastKnownLocation = savedInstanceState.getParcelable(KEY_LOCATION);
        cameraPosition = savedInstanceState.getParcelable(KEY_CAMERA_POSITION);
    }

    Kotlin

    if (savedInstanceState != null) {
        lastKnownLocation = savedInstanceState.getParcelable(KEY_LOCATION)
        cameraPosition = savedInstanceState.getParcelable(KEY_CAMERA_POSITION)
    }