Contoh: Jendela waktu

Contoh ini menunjukkan cara menggunakan timeWindows untuk menetapkan waktu pengambilan dan pengiriman untuk pengiriman.

Untuk mengetahui ringkasan konseptual yang lengkap dan mempelajari lebih banyak cara menggunakan timeWindows, lihat dokumen Konsep kunci rentang waktu.

Skenario 1: Pengiriman dalam jangka waktu tertentu

Contoh berikut menunjukkan skenario saat satu kendaraan harus mengirimkan tiga pengiriman dalam timeWindows yang ditentukan.

Contoh permintaan

Permintaan ini mencakup tiga pengiriman, masing-masing dengan TimeWindow pengiriman yang berbeda:

  • Periode pengiriman shipments[0]: 18.00 - 19.00
  • Periode pengiriman shipments[1]: 18.00 - 18.30
  • Periode pengiriman shipments[2]: 17.30 - 18.00

Lihat contoh permintaan dengan rentang waktu

{
  "populatePolylines": false,
  "populateTransitionPolylines": false,
  "model": {
    "globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00Z",
    "globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00Z",
    "shipments": [
      {
        "deliveries": [
          {
            "arrivalLocation": {
              "latitude": 37.789456,
              "longitude": -122.390192
            },
            "duration": "250s",
            "timeWindows": [
              {
                "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
                "endTime": "2023-01-13T19:00:00Z"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "pickups": [
          {
            "arrivalLocation": {
              "latitude": 37.794465,
              "longitude": -122.394839
            },
            "duration": "150s"
          }
        ],
        "penaltyCost": 100.0
      },
      {
        "deliveries": [
          {
            "arrivalLocation": {
              "latitude": 37.789116,
              "longitude": -122.395080
            },
            "duration": "250s",
            "timeWindows": [
              {
                "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
                "endTime": "2023-01-13T18:30:00Z"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "pickups": [
          {
            "arrivalLocation": {
              "latitude": 37.794465,
              "longitude": -122.394839
            },
            "duration": "150s"
          }
        ],
        "penaltyCost": 20.0
      },
      {
        "deliveries": [
          {
            "arrivalLocation": {
              "latitude": 37.795242,
              "longitude": -122.399347
            },
            "duration": "250s",
            "timeWindows": [
              {
                "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:30:00Z",
                "endTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "pickups": [
          {
            "arrivalLocation": {
              "latitude": 37.794465,
              "longitude": -122.394839
            },
            "duration": "150s"
          }
        ],
        "penaltyCost": 50.0
      }
    ],
    "vehicles": [
      {
        "endLocation": {
          "latitude": 37.794465,
          "longitude": -122.394839
        },
        "startLocation": {
          "latitude": 37.794465,
          "longitude": -122.394839
        },
        "costPerHour": 40.0,
        "costPerKilometer": 10.0
      }
    ]
  }
}

Contoh respons

Respons menunjukkan bahwa pengoptimal menjadwalkan setiap visits untuk mematuhi jangka waktu, dengan mengirimkan pengiriman dengan jangka waktu yang lebih awal terlebih dahulu.

Lihat respons terhadap contoh permintaan dengan rentang waktu

{
  "routes": [
    {
      "vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:35:50Z",
      "vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:17:24Z",
      "visits": [
        {
          "isPickup": true,
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:35:50Z",
          "detour": "0s"
        },
        {
          "shipmentIndex": 1,
          "isPickup": true,
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:38:20Z",
          "detour": "150s"
        },
        {
          "shipmentIndex": 2,
          "isPickup": true,
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:40:50Z",
          "detour": "300s"
        },
        {
          "shipmentIndex": 2,
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:50:09Z",
          "detour": "0s"
        },
        {
          "shipmentIndex": 1,
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
          "detour": "796s"
        },
        {
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:07:35Z",
          "detour": "1520s"
        }
      ],
      "transitions": [
        {
          "travelDuration": "0s",
          "waitDuration": "0s",
          "totalDuration": "0s",
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:35:50Z"
        },
        {
          "travelDuration": "0s",
          "waitDuration": "0s",
          "totalDuration": "0s",
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:38:20Z"
        },
        {
          "travelDuration": "0s",
          "waitDuration": "0s",
          "totalDuration": "0s",
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:40:50Z"
        },
        {
          "travelDuration": "409s",
          "travelDistanceMeters": 1371,
          "waitDuration": "0s",
          "totalDuration": "409s",
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:43:20Z"
        },
        {
          "travelDuration": "341s",
          "travelDistanceMeters": 1312,
          "waitDuration": "0s",
          "totalDuration": "341s",
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:54:19Z"
        },
        {
          "travelDuration": "205s",
          "travelDistanceMeters": 636,
          "waitDuration": "0s",
          "totalDuration": "205s",
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:04:10Z"
        },
        {
          "travelDuration": "339s",
          "travelDistanceMeters": 1276,
          "waitDuration": "0s",
          "totalDuration": "339s",
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:11:45Z"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": {
        "performedShipmentCount": 3,
        "travelDuration": "1294s",
        "waitDuration": "0s",
        "delayDuration": "0s",
        "breakDuration": "0s",
        "visitDuration": "1200s",
        "totalDuration": "2494s",
        "travelDistanceMeters": 4595
      },
      "routeCosts": {
        "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 27.711111111111112,
        "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 45.95
      },
      "routeTotalCost": 73.661111111111111
    }
  ],
  "metrics": {
    "aggregatedRouteMetrics": {
      "performedShipmentCount": 3,
      "travelDuration": "1294s",
      "waitDuration": "0s",
      "delayDuration": "0s",
      "breakDuration": "0s",
      "visitDuration": "1200s",
      "totalDuration": "2494s",
      "travelDistanceMeters": 4595
    },
    "usedVehicleCount": 1,
    "earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:35:50Z",
    "latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:17:24Z",
    "totalCost": 73.661111111111111,
    "costs": {
      "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 27.711111111111112,
      "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 45.95
    }
  }
}

startTime pengiriman untuk setiap pengiriman berada dalam rentang waktu yang diminta:

  • shipments[2] dikirim pada pukul 17.50 (dalam rentang waktu 17.30 - 18.00).
  • shipments[1] dikirim pada pukul 18.00 (dalam rentang waktu 18.00 - 18.30).
  • shipments[0] dikirim pada pukul 18.07 (dalam rentang waktu 18.00 - 19.00).

Skenario 2: Melewatkan pengiriman karena periode waktu

Contoh berikut menunjukkan skenario saat rentang waktu pengiriman terlalu jauh dari yang lain, sehingga pengoptimal lebih hemat biaya jika melewati pengiriman dan membayar penaltyCost.

Contoh permintaan

Permintaan ini sama dengan skenario pertama, kecuali rentang waktu pengiriman satu kiriman berbeda, yaitu jauh lebih lambat pada hari itu.

  • Periode pengiriman shipments[1] sekarang: 21.00 - 21.30

Lihat contoh permintaan dengan jendela waktu yang tidak dapat dipenuhi

{
  "populatePolylines": false,
  "populateTransitionPolylines": false,
  "model": {
    "globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00Z",
    "globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00Z",
    "shipments": [
      {
        "deliveries": [
          {
            "arrivalLocation": {
              "latitude": 37.789456,
              "longitude": -122.390192
            },
            "duration": "250s",
            "timeWindows": [
              {
                "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
                "endTime": "2023-01-13T19:00:00Z"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "pickups": [
          {
            "arrivalLocation": {
              "latitude": 37.794465,
              "longitude": -122.394839
            },
            "duration": "150s"
          }
        ],
        "penaltyCost": 100.0
      },
      {
        "deliveries": [
          {
            "arrivalLocation": {
              "latitude": 37.789116,
              "longitude": -122.395080
            },
            "duration": "250s",
            "timeWindows": [
              {
                "startTime": "2023-01-13T21:00:00Z",
                "endTime": "2023-01-13T21:30:00Z"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "pickups": [
          {
            "arrivalLocation": {
              "latitude": 37.794465,
              "longitude": -122.394839
            },
            "duration": "150s"
          }
        ],
        "penaltyCost": 20.0
      },
      {
        "deliveries": [
          {
            "arrivalLocation": {
              "latitude": 37.795242,
              "longitude": -122.399347
            },
            "duration": "250s",
            "timeWindows": [
              {
                "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:30:00Z",
                "endTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z"
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "pickups": [
          {
            "arrivalLocation": {
              "latitude": 37.794465,
              "longitude": -122.394839
            },
            "duration": "150s"
          }
        ],
        "penaltyCost": 50.0
      }
    ],
    "vehicles": [
      {
        "endLocation": {
          "latitude": 37.794465,
          "longitude": -122.394839
        },
        "startLocation": {
          "latitude": 37.794465,
          "longitude": -122.394839
        },
        "costPerHour": 40.0,
        "costPerKilometer": 10.0
      }
    ]
  }
}

Contoh respons

Respons menunjukkan bahwa pengoptimal melewati shipment[1]. Hal ini terjadi karena, untuk mengirimkan pengiriman tersebut, kendaraan harus beroperasi selama beberapa jam tambahan, dan biaya yang dihitung untuk waktu tersebut lebih tinggi daripada penaltyCost pengiriman sebesar 20,0.

Lihat respons terhadap contoh permintaan dengan periode waktu saat pengiriman dilewati

{
  "routes": [
    {
      "vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:37:49Z",
      "vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:09:49Z",
      "visits": [
        {
          "isPickup": true,
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:37:49Z",
          "detour": "0s"
        },
        {
          "shipmentIndex": 2,
          "isPickup": true,
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:40:19Z",
          "detour": "150s"
        },
        {
          "shipmentIndex": 2,
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:49:38Z",
          "detour": "0s"
        },
        {
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
          "detour": "946s"
        }
      ],
      "transitions": [
        {
          "travelDuration": "0s",
          "waitDuration": "0s",
          "totalDuration": "0s",
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:37:49Z"
        },
        {
          "travelDuration": "0s",
          "waitDuration": "0s",
          "totalDuration": "0s",
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:40:19Z"
        },
        {
          "travelDuration": "409s",
          "travelDistanceMeters": 1371,
          "waitDuration": "0s",
          "totalDuration": "409s",
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:42:49Z"
        },
        {
          "travelDuration": "372s",
          "travelDistanceMeters": 1348,
          "waitDuration": "0s",
          "totalDuration": "372s",
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:53:48Z"
        },
        {
          "travelDuration": "339s",
          "travelDistanceMeters": 1276,
          "waitDuration": "0s",
          "totalDuration": "339s",
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:04:10Z"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": {
        "performedShipmentCount": 2,
        "travelDuration": "1120s",
        "waitDuration": "0s",
        "delayDuration": "0s",
        "breakDuration": "0s",
        "visitDuration": "800s",
        "totalDuration": "1920s",
        "travelDistanceMeters": 3995
      },
      "routeCosts": {
        "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 39.95,
        "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 21.333333333333332
      },
      "routeTotalCost": 61.283333333333331
    }
  ],
  "skippedShipments": [
    {
      "index": 1
    }
  ],
  "metrics": {
    "aggregatedRouteMetrics": {
      "performedShipmentCount": 2,
      "travelDuration": "1120s",
      "waitDuration": "0s",
      "delayDuration": "0s",
      "breakDuration": "0s",
      "visitDuration": "800s",
      "totalDuration": "1920s",
      "travelDistanceMeters": 3995
    },
    "usedVehicleCount": 1,
    "earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:37:49Z",
    "latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:09:49Z",
    "totalCost": 81.283333333333331,
    "costs": {
      "model.shipments.penalty_cost": 20,
      "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 21.333333333333332,
      "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 39.95
    }
  }
}

Array skippedShipments dalam respons menunjukkan bahwa pengiriman dengan index: 1 tidak dilakukan, yang memengaruhi parameter biaya berikut:

Skenario 3: Menggunakan jendela waktu fleksibel

Contoh berikut menunjukkan cara menggunakan jendela waktu fleksibel, yang memungkinkan pengoptimal menjadwalkan penayangan di luar rentang waktu yang ditentukan, tetapi dengan biaya.

Untuk ringkasan konseptual tentang fitur ini, lihat bagian periode waktu fleksibel dalam dokumen konsep utama Periode Waktu.

Contoh permintaan

Permintaan ini mengubah skenario sebelumnya dengan mengubah jangka waktu tetap untuk shipment[1] menjadi jangka waktu fleksibel. Hal ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan softStartTime dan menyediakan costPerHourBeforeSoftStartTime.

shipment[1] sekarang memiliki softStartTime pukul 21.00 dan costPerHourBeforeSoftStartTime 2.0. Artinya, penalti diterapkan untuk setiap jam pengiriman dilakukan sebelum pukul 21.00.

Lihat contoh permintaan dengan jendela waktu keras dan fleksibel

{
  "populatePolylines": false,
  "populateTransitionPolylines": false,
  "model": {
    "globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00Z",
    "globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00Z",
    "shipments": [
      {
        "deliveries": [
          {
            "arrivalLocation": {
              "latitude": 37.789456,
              "longitude": -122.390192
            },
            "duration": "250s",
            "timeWindows": [
              {
                "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
                "softEndTime": "2023-01-13T19:00:00Z",
                "costPerHourAfterSoftEndTime": 2.0
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "pickups": [
          {
            "arrivalLocation": {
              "latitude": 37.794465,
              "longitude": -122.394839
            },
            "duration": "150s"
          }
        ],
        "penaltyCost": 100.0
      },
      {
        "deliveries": [
          {
            "arrivalLocation": {
              "latitude": 37.789116,
              "longitude": -122.395080
            },
            "duration": "250s",
            "timeWindows": [
              {
                "softStartTime": "2023-01-13T21:00:00Z",
                "endTime": "2023-01-13T21:30:00Z",
                "costPerHourBeforeSoftStartTime": 2.0
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "pickups": [
          {
            "arrivalLocation": {
              "latitude": 37.794465,
              "longitude": -122.394839
            },
            "duration": "150s"
          }
        ],
        "penaltyCost": 20.0
      },
      {
        "deliveries": [
          {
            "arrivalLocation": {
              "latitude": 37.795242,
              "longitude": -122.399347
            },
            "duration": "250s",
            "timeWindows": [
              {
                "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:30:00Z",
                "softEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
                "costPerHourAfterSoftEndTime": 2.0
              }
            ]
          }
        ],
        "pickups": [
          {
            "arrivalLocation": {
              "latitude": 37.794465,
              "longitude": -122.394839
            },
            "duration": "150s"
          }
        ],
        "penaltyCost": 50.0
      }
    ],
    "vehicles": [
      {
        "endLocation": {
          "latitude": 37.794465,
          "longitude": -122.394839
        },
        "startLocation": {
          "latitude": 37.794465,
          "longitude": -122.394839
        },
        "costPerHour": 40.0,
        "costPerKilometer": 10.0
      }
    ]
  }
}

Contoh respons

Respons menunjukkan bahwa pengoptimal kini menjadwalkan ketiga pengiriman. Fitur ini menjadwalkan pengiriman shipment[1] jauh lebih awal daripada pukul 21.00 softStartTime. Ini adalah solusi yang paling hemat biaya karena biaya pelanggaran jangka waktu fleksibel lebih rendah daripada penaltyCost melewatkan pengiriman, dan juga lebih rendah daripada biaya menunggu kendaraan untuk melakukan pengiriman selama jangka waktu tersebut.

Lihat respons terhadap contoh permintaan dengan jendela waktu keras dan lunak

{
  "routes": [
    {
      "vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:48:35Z",
      "vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:24:28Z",
      "visits": [
        {
          "isPickup": true,
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:48:35Z",
          "detour": "0s"
        },
        {
          "shipmentIndex": 1,
          "isPickup": true,
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:51:05Z",
          "detour": "150s"
        },
        {
          "shipmentIndex": 2,
          "isPickup": true,
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:53:35Z",
          "detour": "300s"
        },
        {
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
          "detour": "300s"
        },
        {
          "shipmentIndex": 1,
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:07:42Z",
          "detour": "493s"
        },
        {
          "shipmentIndex": 2,
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:17:27Z",
          "detour": "873s"
        }
      ],
      "transitions": [
        {
          "travelDuration": "0s",
          "waitDuration": "0s",
          "totalDuration": "0s",
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:48:35Z"
        },
        {
          "travelDuration": "0s",
          "waitDuration": "0s",
          "totalDuration": "0s",
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:51:05Z"
        },
        {
          "travelDuration": "0s",
          "waitDuration": "0s",
          "totalDuration": "0s",
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:53:35Z"
        },
        {
          "travelDuration": "235s",
          "travelDistanceMeters": 795,
          "waitDuration": "0s",
          "totalDuration": "235s",
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T17:56:05Z"
        },
        {
          "travelDuration": "212s",
          "travelDistanceMeters": 791,
          "waitDuration": "0s",
          "totalDuration": "212s",
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:04:10Z"
        },
        {
          "travelDuration": "335s",
          "travelDistanceMeters": 1204,
          "waitDuration": "0s",
          "totalDuration": "335s",
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:11:52Z"
        },
        {
          "travelDuration": "171s",
          "travelDistanceMeters": 665,
          "waitDuration": "0s",
          "totalDuration": "171s",
          "startTime": "2023-01-13T18:21:37Z"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": {
        "performedShipmentCount": 3,
        "travelDuration": "953s",
        "waitDuration": "0s",
        "delayDuration": "0s",
        "breakDuration": "0s",
        "visitDuration": "1200s",
        "totalDuration": "2153s",
        "travelDistanceMeters": 3455
      },
      "routeCosts": {
        "model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_after_soft_end_time": 0.58166666666666667,
        "model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_before_soft_start_time": 5.7433333333333332,
        "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 23.922222222222221,
        "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 34.55
      },
      "routeTotalCost": 64.797222222222217
    }
  ],
  "metrics": {
    "aggregatedRouteMetrics": {
      "performedShipmentCount": 3,
      "travelDuration": "953s",
      "waitDuration": "0s",
      "delayDuration": "0s",
      "breakDuration": "0s",
      "visitDuration": "1200s",
      "totalDuration": "2153s",
      "travelDistanceMeters": 3455
    },
    "usedVehicleCount": 1,
    "earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:48:35Z",
    "latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:24:28Z",
    "totalCost": 64.797222222222217,
    "costs": {
      "model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 34.55,
      "model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_before_soft_start_time": 5.7433333333333332,
      "model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_after_soft_end_time": 0.58166666666666667,
      "model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 23.922222222222221
    }
  }
}

Jendela waktu yang fleksibel menghasilkan solusi yang lebih baik, yang tercermin dalam peningkatan berikut:

  • Ketiga pengiriman dijadwalkan tanpa melewatkan salah satunya.
  • totalCost sekarang 64,79, yang lebih rendah daripada biaya solusi sebelumnya sebesar 81,28.
  • Objek routeCosts mencakup biaya 5,74 untuk pengiriman shipment[1] hampir 3 jam sebelum softStartTime. Biaya ini lebih rendah daripada penaltyCost 20,0, sehingga menjadikannya opsi paling hemat biaya.