在 Android 上使用 ML Kit 偵測臉部網格資訊

您可以使用 ML Kit 在自拍類型的圖片和影片中偵測臉孔。

Face Mesh Detection API
SDK 名稱face-mesh-detection
實作程式碼和素材資源會在建構期間靜態連結至應用程式。
應用程式大小影響約 6.4MB
成效在大多數裝置上即時運作。

立即試用

事前準備

  1. 在專案層級的 build.gradle 檔案中,請務必在 buildscript 和 allprojects 區段中納入 Google 的 Maven 存放區。

  2. 將 ML Kit 臉部網格偵測程式庫的依附元件新增至模組的應用程式層級 Gradle 檔案,通常為 app/build.gradle

    dependencies {
     // ...
    
     implementation 'com.google.mlkit:face-mesh-detection:16.0.0-beta1'
    }
    

輸入圖片規範

  1. 拍攝時,相機與臉部之間的距離應在 2 公尺 (7 英尺) 以內,以便系統辨識臉部網格。一般來說,臉孔越大,臉部網格辨識效果就越好。

  2. 臉部應朝向相機,至少要露出半張臉。臉部和相機之間若有任何大型物體,準確度可能會降低。

如果您想在即時應用程式中偵測臉孔,也應考量輸入圖片的整體尺寸。較小的圖片可加快處理速度,因此以較低解析度擷取圖片可縮短延遲時間。不過,請注意上述準確度要求,並確保拍攝對象的臉部盡可能佔據圖片的大部分空間。

設定臉孔網格偵測器

如要變更任何臉部網格偵測器的預設設定,請使用 FaceMeshDetectorOptions 物件指定這些設定。您可以變更下列設定:

  1. setUseCase

    • BOUNDING_BOX_ONLY:只提供偵測到的臉部網格邊界框。這是最快速的臉孔偵測器,但有範圍限制(臉孔必須位於攝影機約 2 公尺或 7 英尺的範圍內)。

    • FACE_MESH (預設選項):提供邊界框和其他面網格資訊 (468 個 3D 點和三角形資訊)。與 BOUNDING_BOX_ONLY 用途相比,延遲時間約增加 15%,測試平台為 Pixel 3。

例如:

Kotlin

val defaultDetector = FaceMeshDetection.getClient(
  FaceMeshDetectorOptions.DEFAULT_OPTIONS)

val boundingBoxDetector = FaceMeshDetection.getClient(
  FaceMeshDetectorOptions.Builder()
    .setUseCase(UseCase.BOUNDING_BOX_ONLY)
    .build()
)

Java

FaceMeshDetector defaultDetector =
        FaceMeshDetection.getClient(
                FaceMeshDetectorOptions.DEFAULT_OPTIONS);

FaceMeshDetector boundingBoxDetector = FaceMeshDetection.getClient(
        new FaceMeshDetectorOptions.Builder()
                .setUseCase(UseCase.BOUNDING_BOX_ONLY)
                .build()
        );

準備輸入圖片

如要偵測圖片中的臉孔,請使用 Bitmapmedia.ImageByteBuffer、位元組陣列或裝置上的檔案,建立 InputImage 物件。接著,將 InputImage 物件傳遞至 FaceDetectorprocess 方法。

如要進行臉部網格偵測,請使用至少 480 x 360 像素的圖片。如果您要即時偵測臉孔,以這個最低解析度擷取影格有助於縮短延遲時間。

您可以從不同來源建立 InputImage 物件,下文將說明每個來源。

使用 media.Image

如要從 media.Image 物件建立 InputImage 物件 (例如從裝置相機拍攝圖片時),請將 media.Image 物件和圖片的旋轉方向傳遞至 InputImage.fromMediaImage()

如果您使用 CameraX 程式庫,OnImageCapturedListenerImageAnalysis.Analyzer 類別會為您計算旋轉值。

Kotlin

private class YourImageAnalyzer : ImageAnalysis.Analyzer {

    override fun analyze(imageProxy: ImageProxy) {
        val mediaImage = imageProxy.image
        if (mediaImage != null) {
            val image = InputImage.fromMediaImage(mediaImage, imageProxy.imageInfo.rotationDegrees)
            // Pass image to an ML Kit Vision API
            // ...
        }
    }
}

Java

private class YourAnalyzer implements ImageAnalysis.Analyzer {

    @Override
    public void analyze(ImageProxy imageProxy) {
        Image mediaImage = imageProxy.getImage();
        if (mediaImage != null) {
          InputImage image =
                InputImage.fromMediaImage(mediaImage, imageProxy.getImageInfo().getRotationDegrees());
          // Pass image to an ML Kit Vision API
          // ...
        }
    }
}

如果您未使用提供圖片旋轉角度的相機程式庫,可以根據裝置的旋轉角度和裝置中相機感應器的方向來計算:

Kotlin

private val ORIENTATIONS = SparseIntArray()

init {
    ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_0, 0)
    ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_90, 90)
    ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_180, 180)
    ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_270, 270)
}

/**
 * Get the angle by which an image must be rotated given the device's current
 * orientation.
 */
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
@Throws(CameraAccessException::class)
private fun getRotationCompensation(cameraId: String, activity: Activity, isFrontFacing: Boolean): Int {
    // Get the device's current rotation relative to its "native" orientation.
    // Then, from the ORIENTATIONS table, look up the angle the image must be
    // rotated to compensate for the device's rotation.
    val deviceRotation = activity.windowManager.defaultDisplay.rotation
    var rotationCompensation = ORIENTATIONS.get(deviceRotation)

    // Get the device's sensor orientation.
    val cameraManager = activity.getSystemService(CAMERA_SERVICE) as CameraManager
    val sensorOrientation = cameraManager
            .getCameraCharacteristics(cameraId)
            .get(CameraCharacteristics.SENSOR_ORIENTATION)!!

    if (isFrontFacing) {
        rotationCompensation = (sensorOrientation + rotationCompensation) % 360
    } else { // back-facing
        rotationCompensation = (sensorOrientation - rotationCompensation + 360) % 360
    }
    return rotationCompensation
}

Java

private static final SparseIntArray ORIENTATIONS = new SparseIntArray();
static {
    ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_0, 0);
    ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_90, 90);
    ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_180, 180);
    ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_270, 270);
}

/**
 * Get the angle by which an image must be rotated given the device's current
 * orientation.
 */
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
private int getRotationCompensation(String cameraId, Activity activity, boolean isFrontFacing)
        throws CameraAccessException {
    // Get the device's current rotation relative to its "native" orientation.
    // Then, from the ORIENTATIONS table, look up the angle the image must be
    // rotated to compensate for the device's rotation.
    int deviceRotation = activity.getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getRotation();
    int rotationCompensation = ORIENTATIONS.get(deviceRotation);

    // Get the device's sensor orientation.
    CameraManager cameraManager = (CameraManager) activity.getSystemService(CAMERA_SERVICE);
    int sensorOrientation = cameraManager
            .getCameraCharacteristics(cameraId)
            .get(CameraCharacteristics.SENSOR_ORIENTATION);

    if (isFrontFacing) {
        rotationCompensation = (sensorOrientation + rotationCompensation) % 360;
    } else { // back-facing
        rotationCompensation = (sensorOrientation - rotationCompensation + 360) % 360;
    }
    return rotationCompensation;
}

接著,將 media.Image 物件和旋轉度數值傳遞至 InputImage.fromMediaImage()

Kotlin

val image = InputImage.fromMediaImage(mediaImage, rotation)

Java

InputImage image = InputImage.fromMediaImage(mediaImage, rotation);

使用檔案 URI

如要從檔案 URI 建立 InputImage 物件,請將應用程式內容和檔案 URI 傳遞至 InputImage.fromFilePath()。當您使用 ACTION_GET_CONTENT 意圖,提示使用者從相片庫應用程式中選取圖片時,這項功能就很實用。

Kotlin

val image: InputImage
try {
    image = InputImage.fromFilePath(context, uri)
} catch (e: IOException) {
    e.printStackTrace()
}

Java

InputImage image;
try {
    image = InputImage.fromFilePath(context, uri);
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

使用 ByteBufferByteArray

如要從 ByteBufferByteArray 建立 InputImage 物件,請先計算圖片旋轉角度,如前文所述的 media.Image 輸入資料。接著,請使用緩衝區或陣列,搭配圖片的高度、寬度、顏色編碼格式和旋轉角度,建立 InputImage 物件:

Kotlin

val image = InputImage.fromByteBuffer(
        byteBuffer,
        /* image width */ 480,
        /* image height */ 360,
        rotationDegrees,
        InputImage.IMAGE_FORMAT_NV21 // or IMAGE_FORMAT_YV12
)
// Or:
val image = InputImage.fromByteArray(
        byteArray,
        /* image width */ 480,
        /* image height */ 360,
        rotationDegrees,
        InputImage.IMAGE_FORMAT_NV21 // or IMAGE_FORMAT_YV12
)

Java

InputImage image = InputImage.fromByteBuffer(byteBuffer,
        /* image width */ 480,
        /* image height */ 360,
        rotationDegrees,
        InputImage.IMAGE_FORMAT_NV21 // or IMAGE_FORMAT_YV12
);
// Or:
InputImage image = InputImage.fromByteArray(
        byteArray,
        /* image width */480,
        /* image height */360,
        rotation,
        InputImage.IMAGE_FORMAT_NV21 // or IMAGE_FORMAT_YV12
);

使用 Bitmap

如要從 Bitmap 物件建立 InputImage 物件,請進行下列宣告:

Kotlin

val image = InputImage.fromBitmap(bitmap, 0)

Java

InputImage image = InputImage.fromBitmap(bitmap, rotationDegree);

圖片由 Bitmap 物件和旋轉度數代表。

處理圖片

將圖片傳遞至 process 方法:

Kotlin

val result = detector.process(image)
        .addOnSuccessListener { result ->
            // Task completed successfully
            // …
        }
        .addOnFailureListener { e ->
            // Task failed with an exception
            // …
        }

Java

Task<List<FaceMesh>> result = detector.process(image)
        .addOnSuccessListener(
                new OnSuccessListener<List<FaceMesh>>() {
                    @Override
                    public void onSuccess(List<FaceMesh> result) {
                        // Task completed successfully
                        // …
                    }
                })
        .addOnFailureListener(
                new OnFailureListener() {
                    @Override
                    Public void onFailure(Exception e) {
                        // Task failed with an exception
                        // …
                    }
                });

取得偵測到的臉部網格資訊

如果在圖片中偵測到任何臉孔,系統會將 FaceMesh 物件清單傳遞至成功事件監聽器。每個 FaceMesh 都代表在圖片中偵測到的臉孔。您可以為每個臉部網格取得輸入圖片中的邊界座標,以及您設定臉部網格偵測器要尋找的任何其他資訊。

Kotlin

for (faceMesh in faceMeshs) {
    val bounds: Rect = faceMesh.boundingBox()

    // Gets all points
    val faceMeshpoints = faceMesh.allPoints
    for (faceMeshpoint in faceMeshpoints) {
      val index: Int = faceMeshpoints.index()
      val position = faceMeshpoint.position
    }

    // Gets triangle info
    val triangles: List<Triangle<FaceMeshPoint>> = faceMesh.allTriangles
    for (triangle in triangles) {
      // 3 Points connecting to each other and representing a triangle area.
      val connectedPoints = triangle.allPoints()
    }
}

Java

for (FaceMesh faceMesh : faceMeshs) {
    Rect bounds = faceMesh.getBoundingBox();

    // Gets all points
    List<FaceMeshPoint> faceMeshpoints = faceMesh.getAllPoints();
    for (FaceMeshPoint faceMeshpoint : faceMeshpoints) {
        int index = faceMeshpoints.getIndex();
        PointF3D position = faceMeshpoint.getPosition();
    }

    // Gets triangle info
    List<Triangle<FaceMeshPoint>> triangles = faceMesh.getAllTriangles();
    for (Triangle<FaceMeshPoint> triangle : triangles) {
        // 3 Points connecting to each other and representing a triangle area.
        List<FaceMeshPoint> connectedPoints = triangle.getAllPoints();
    }
}