使用机器学习套件实现主题分割 (Android)

使用机器学习套件可轻松为应用添加正文分割功能。

功能 详细信息
SDK 名称 play-services-mlkit-subject-segmentation
实现 未捆绑:使用 Google Play 服务动态下载模型。
应用大小影响 大小增加约 200 KB。
初始化时间 用户可能需要等到模型下载完毕后才能首次使用。

试试看

  • 您可以试用示例应用, 请查看此 API 的用法示例。

准备工作

  1. 请务必在您的项目级 build.gradle 文件中的 buildscriptallprojects 部分添加 Google 的 Maven 制品库。
  2. 将机器学习套件主题细分库的依赖项添加到模块的应用级 Gradle 文件(通常为 app/build.gradle):
dependencies {
   implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-mlkit-subject-segmentation:16.0.0-beta1'
}

如上所述,模型由 Google Play 服务提供。 您可以将应用配置为自动将模型下载到设备 。为此,请添加以下内容 添加到应用的 AndroidManifest.xml 文件中:

<application ...>
      ...
      <meta-data
          android:name="com.google.mlkit.vision.DEPENDENCIES"
          android:value="subject_segment" >
      <!-- To use multiple models: android:value="subject_segment,model2,model3" -->
</application>

您还可以使用 ModuleInstallClient API 明确检查模型可用性,并请求通过 Google Play 服务下载。

如果您未启用安装时模型下载或请求明确下载 即在您首次运行细分器时下载该模型。您提出的请求 在下载完成之前未产生任何结果。

1. 准备输入图片

如需对图片进行分割,请创建 InputImage 对象 从 Bitmapmedia.ImageByteBuffer、字节数组或 。

您可以创建 InputImage 对象,下文对每种方法进行了说明。

使用 media.Image

如需创建 InputImage,请执行以下操作: 对象(例如从 media.Image 对象中捕获图片时) 请传递 media.Image 对象和图片的 旋转为 InputImage.fromMediaImage()

如果您使用 CameraX 库、OnImageCapturedListenerImageAnalysis.Analyzer 类计算旋转角度值 。

Kotlin

private class YourImageAnalyzer : ImageAnalysis.Analyzer {

    override fun analyze(imageProxy: ImageProxy) {
        val mediaImage = imageProxy.image
        if (mediaImage != null) {
            val image = InputImage.fromMediaImage(mediaImage, imageProxy.imageInfo.rotationDegrees)
            // Pass image to an ML Kit Vision API
            // ...
        }
    }
}

Java

private class YourAnalyzer implements ImageAnalysis.Analyzer {

    @Override
    public void analyze(ImageProxy imageProxy) {
        Image mediaImage = imageProxy.getImage();
        if (mediaImage != null) {
          InputImage image =
                InputImage.fromMediaImage(mediaImage, imageProxy.getImageInfo().getRotationDegrees());
          // Pass image to an ML Kit Vision API
          // ...
        }
    }
}

如果您不使用可提供图片旋转角度的相机库, 可以根据设备的旋转角度和镜头方向来计算 设备传感器:

Kotlin

private val ORIENTATIONS = SparseIntArray()

init {
    ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_0, 0)
    ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_90, 90)
    ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_180, 180)
    ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_270, 270)
}

/**
 * Get the angle by which an image must be rotated given the device's current
 * orientation.
 */
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
@Throws(CameraAccessException::class)
private fun getRotationCompensation(cameraId: String, activity: Activity, isFrontFacing: Boolean): Int {
    // Get the device's current rotation relative to its "native" orientation.
    // Then, from the ORIENTATIONS table, look up the angle the image must be
    // rotated to compensate for the device's rotation.
    val deviceRotation = activity.windowManager.defaultDisplay.rotation
    var rotationCompensation = ORIENTATIONS.get(deviceRotation)

    // Get the device's sensor orientation.
    val cameraManager = activity.getSystemService(CAMERA_SERVICE) as CameraManager
    val sensorOrientation = cameraManager
            .getCameraCharacteristics(cameraId)
            .get(CameraCharacteristics.SENSOR_ORIENTATION)!!

    if (isFrontFacing) {
        rotationCompensation = (sensorOrientation + rotationCompensation) % 360
    } else { // back-facing
        rotationCompensation = (sensorOrientation - rotationCompensation + 360) % 360
    }
    return rotationCompensation
}

Java

private static final SparseIntArray ORIENTATIONS = new SparseIntArray();
static {
    ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_0, 0);
    ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_90, 90);
    ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_180, 180);
    ORIENTATIONS.append(Surface.ROTATION_270, 270);
}

/**
 * Get the angle by which an image must be rotated given the device's current
 * orientation.
 */
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
private int getRotationCompensation(String cameraId, Activity activity, boolean isFrontFacing)
        throws CameraAccessException {
    // Get the device's current rotation relative to its "native" orientation.
    // Then, from the ORIENTATIONS table, look up the angle the image must be
    // rotated to compensate for the device's rotation.
    int deviceRotation = activity.getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getRotation();
    int rotationCompensation = ORIENTATIONS.get(deviceRotation);

    // Get the device's sensor orientation.
    CameraManager cameraManager = (CameraManager) activity.getSystemService(CAMERA_SERVICE);
    int sensorOrientation = cameraManager
            .getCameraCharacteristics(cameraId)
            .get(CameraCharacteristics.SENSOR_ORIENTATION);

    if (isFrontFacing) {
        rotationCompensation = (sensorOrientation + rotationCompensation) % 360;
    } else { // back-facing
        rotationCompensation = (sensorOrientation - rotationCompensation + 360) % 360;
    }
    return rotationCompensation;
}

然后,传递 media.Image 对象和 将旋转角度值设为 InputImage.fromMediaImage()

Kotlin

val image = InputImage.fromMediaImage(mediaImage, rotation)

Java

InputImage image = InputImage.fromMediaImage(mediaImage, rotation);

使用文件 URI

如需创建 InputImage,请执行以下操作: 对象时,请将应用上下文和文件 URI 传递给 InputImage.fromFilePath()。在需要满足特定条件时 使用 ACTION_GET_CONTENT intent 提示用户进行选择 从图库应用中获取图片

Kotlin

val image: InputImage
try {
    image = InputImage.fromFilePath(context, uri)
} catch (e: IOException) {
    e.printStackTrace()
}

Java

InputImage image;
try {
    image = InputImage.fromFilePath(context, uri);
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

使用 ByteBufferByteArray

如需创建 InputImage,请执行以下操作: 对象ByteBufferByteArray时,首先计算图像 旋转角度。media.Image 然后,创建带有缓冲区或数组的 InputImage 对象以及图片的 高度、宽度、颜色编码格式和旋转角度:

Kotlin

val image = InputImage.fromByteBuffer(
        byteBuffer,
        /* image width */ 480,
        /* image height */ 360,
        rotationDegrees,
        InputImage.IMAGE_FORMAT_NV21 // or IMAGE_FORMAT_YV12
)
// Or:
val image = InputImage.fromByteArray(
        byteArray,
        /* image width */ 480,
        /* image height */ 360,
        rotationDegrees,
        InputImage.IMAGE_FORMAT_NV21 // or IMAGE_FORMAT_YV12
)

Java

InputImage image = InputImage.fromByteBuffer(byteBuffer,
        /* image width */ 480,
        /* image height */ 360,
        rotationDegrees,
        InputImage.IMAGE_FORMAT_NV21 // or IMAGE_FORMAT_YV12
);
// Or:
InputImage image = InputImage.fromByteArray(
        byteArray,
        /* image width */480,
        /* image height */360,
        rotation,
        InputImage.IMAGE_FORMAT_NV21 // or IMAGE_FORMAT_YV12
);

使用 Bitmap

如需创建 InputImage,请执行以下操作: 对象时,请进行以下声明:Bitmap

Kotlin

val image = InputImage.fromBitmap(bitmap, 0)

Java

InputImage image = InputImage.fromBitmap(bitmap, rotationDegree);

图片由 Bitmap 对象和旋转角度表示。

2. 创建 SubjectSegmenter 的实例

定义细分器选项

如需分割图片,请先创建一个 SubjectSegmenterOptions 实例,如下所示 关注:

Kotlin

val options = SubjectSegmenterOptions.Builder()
       // enable options
       .build()

Java

SubjectSegmenterOptions options = new SubjectSegmenterOptions.Builder()
        // enable options
        .build();

以下是每个选项的详细信息:

前台置信度遮罩

前景置信度蒙版可让您区分前景主题和 背景。

在选项中调用 enableForegroundConfidenceMask(),以便稍后检索 通过对getForegroundMask() 处理图片后返回的 SubjectSegmentationResult 对象。

Kotlin

val options = SubjectSegmenterOptions.Builder()
        .enableForegroundConfidenceMask()
        .build()

Java

SubjectSegmenterOptions options = new SubjectSegmenterOptions.Builder()
        .enableForegroundConfidenceMask()
        .build();
前景位图

同样,您也可以获取前景主题的位图。

在选项中调用 enableForegroundBitmap(),以便稍后检索 通过对getForegroundBitmap() 处理图片后返回的 SubjectSegmentationResult 对象。

Kotlin

val options = SubjectSegmenterOptions.Builder()
        .enableForegroundBitmap()
        .build()

Java

SubjectSegmenterOptions options = new SubjectSegmenterOptions.Builder()
        .enableForegroundBitmap()
        .build();
多主题置信度蒙版

与前台选项一样,您可以使用 SubjectResultOptions 来启用 每个前景正文的置信度掩码如下所示:

Kotlin

val subjectResultOptions = SubjectSegmenterOptions.SubjectResultOptions.Builder()
    .enableConfidenceMask()
    .build()

val options = SubjectSegmenterOptions.Builder()
    .enableMultipleSubjects(subjectResultOptions)
    .build()

Java

SubjectResultOptions subjectResultOptions =
        new SubjectSegmenterOptions.SubjectResultOptions.Builder()
            .enableConfidenceMask()
            .build()

SubjectSegmenterOptions options = new SubjectSegmenterOptions.Builder()
      .enableMultipleSubjects(subjectResultOptions)
      .build()
多主题位图

同样,您也可以为每个主题启用位图:

Kotlin

val subjectResultOptions = SubjectSegmenterOptions.SubjectResultOptions.Builder()
    .enableSubjectBitmap()
    .build()

val options = SubjectSegmenterOptions.Builder()
    .enableMultipleSubjects(subjectResultOptions)
    .build()

Java

SubjectResultOptions subjectResultOptions =
      new SubjectSegmenterOptions.SubjectResultOptions.Builder()
        .enableSubjectBitmap()
        .build()

SubjectSegmenterOptions options = new SubjectSegmenterOptions.Builder()
      .enableMultipleSubjects(subjectResultOptions)
      .build()

创建主题细分器

指定 SubjectSegmenterOptions 选项后,请创建 SubjectSegmenter 实例调用 getClient() 并将选项作为 参数:

Kotlin

val segmenter = SubjectSegmentation.getClient(options)

Java

SubjectSegmenter segmenter = SubjectSegmentation.getClient(options);

3. 处理图片

将准备好的 InputImage 传递给系统。 传递给 SubjectSegmenterprocess 方法:

Kotlin

segmenter.process(inputImage)
    .addOnSuccessListener { result ->
        // Task completed successfully
        // ...
    }
    .addOnFailureListener { e ->
        // Task failed with an exception
        // ...
    }

Java

segmenter.process(inputImage)
    .addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener() {
            @Override
            public void onSuccess(SubjectSegmentationResult result) {
                // Task completed successfully
                // ...
            }
        })
        .addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception e) {
                // Task failed with an exception
                // ...
            }
        });

4. 获取正文分割结果

检索前景遮罩和位图

处理完成后,您可以检索图片调用的前景遮罩 getForegroundConfidenceMask()如下所示:

Kotlin

val colors = IntArray(image.width * image.height)

val foregroundMask = result.foregroundConfidenceMask
for (i in 0 until image.width * image.height) {
  if (foregroundMask[i] > 0.5f) {
    colors[i] = Color.argb(128, 255, 0, 255)
  }
}

val bitmapMask = Bitmap.createBitmap(
  colors, image.width, image.height, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888
)

Java

int[] colors = new int[image.getWidth() * image.getHeight()];

FloatBuffer foregroundMask = result.getForegroundConfidenceMask();
for (int i = 0; i < image.getWidth() * image.getHeight(); i++) {
  if (foregroundMask.get() > 0.5f) {
    colors[i] = Color.argb(128, 255, 0, 255);
  }
}

Bitmap bitmapMask = Bitmap.createBitmap(
      colors, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight(), Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888
);

您还可以检索调用 getForegroundBitmap() 的图片前景的位图:

Kotlin

val foregroundBitmap = result.foregroundBitmap

Java

Bitmap foregroundBitmap = result.getForegroundBitmap();

检索每个主题的蒙版和位图

同样,您可以通过调用 每个主题的getConfidenceMask(),如下所示:

Kotlin

val subjects = result.subjects

val colors = IntArray(image.width * image.height)
for (subject in subjects) {
  val mask = subject.confidenceMask
  for (i in 0 until subject.width * subject.height) {
    val confidence = mask[i]
    if (confidence > 0.5f) {
      colors[image.width * (subject.startY - 1) + subject.startX] =
          Color.argb(128, 255, 0, 255)
    }
  }
}

val bitmapMask = Bitmap.createBitmap(
  colors, image.width, image.height, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888
)

Java

List subjects = result.getSubjects();

int[] colors = new int[image.getWidth() * image.getHeight()];
for (Subject subject : subjects) {
  FloatBuffer mask = subject.getConfidenceMask();
  for (int i = 0; i < subject.getWidth() * subject.getHeight(); i++) {
    float confidence = mask.get();
    if (confidence > 0.5f) {
      colors[width * (subject.getStartY() - 1) + subject.getStartX()]
          = Color.argb(128, 255, 0, 255);
    }
  }
}

Bitmap bitmapMask = Bitmap.createBitmap(
  colors, image.width, image.height, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888
);

您还可以访问每个细分主题的位图,如下所示:

Kotlin

val bitmaps = mutableListOf()
for (subject in subjects) {
  bitmaps.add(subject.bitmap)
}

Java

List bitmaps = new ArrayList<>();
for (Subject subject : subjects) {
  bitmaps.add(subject.getBitmap());
}

效果提升技巧

对于每个应用会话,首次推理的速度通常比后续推理慢 推理。如果低延迟很重要,可以考虑 调用“dummy”进行推理。

结果的质量取决于输入图片的质量:

  • 为了让机器学习套件获得准确的分割结果,图片应至少为 512x512 像素。
  • 图片聚焦不佳也会影响准确性。如果您没有获得可接受的结果,请让用户重新拍摄图片。