本部分介绍如何发送商品目录的有时效性更新 实体提供给 Google。借助增量更新 API,您可以推送更新和删除 您的沙盒或正式版广告资源中的实体。
此功能主要用于您无法预见的更新, 例如紧急封闭通常,通过 增量更新 API 应于以下时间之内生效 一个小时。如果您的更改不需要立即体现,您可以使用 批量提取。 增量更新的处理时间不超过五分钟。
前提条件
在实现增量更新之前,必须满足以下要求:
- 系统会创建一个具有 Actions 项目的 Editor 角色的服务账号。 有关详情,请参阅 创建并设置项目。
- 托管和提取生产或沙盒数据 Feed。 有关详情,请参阅 批量注入。
- (可选,但建议执行)安装 Google 客户端库 以便在调用 API。下面提供的代码示例使用这些库。否则 需要按照使用 OAuth 2.0 访问 Google API 中的说明手动处理令牌交换。
端点
在以下请求中,替换以下内容:
- PROJECT_ID:与您的项目关联的 Google Cloud 项目 ID 在创建和设置项目中创建的列表。
- TYPE:实体类型(
@type
属性) 您要更新的数据 Feed 中对象的 ID。 - ENTITY_ID(仅限删除端点):要删除的实体的 ID。请务必 对实体 ID 进行网址编码。
- DELETE_TIME(仅限删除端点):用于指定
从您的系统中删除实体的时间(默认为
)。时间值不能是将来的时间。发送实体时
通过增量调用、实体版本控制
还会在删除调用的情况下使用
delete_time
字段。设置格式 值:yyyy-mm-ddTHH:mm:ssZ
更新端点
如需修改实体,请向以下端点发出 HTTP POST 请求 并包含更新和添加载荷。 一次 API 调用最多可以更新 1,000 个实体。
https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/apps/PROJECT_ID/entities:batchPush
例如,如果您要更新 ID 为“delivery-provider-id”的项目中的实体, 端点将如下所示:
https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/apps/delivery-provider-id/entities:batchpush
删除端点
如需删除清单中的实体,请向以下端点发出 HTTP DELETE 请求。
https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/apps/PROJECT_ID/entities/TYPE/ENTITY_ID?entity.vertical=FOODORDERING&delete_time=DELETE_TIME
例如,删除“MenuSection”ID 为“menuSection_122”的实体通过“delivery-provider-id”项目时,您可以进行 HTTP DELETE API 调用:
https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/apps/delivery-provider-id/entities/MenuSection/menuSection_122?entity.vertical=FOODORDERING
沙盒环境
要在沙盒广告资源中使用增量更新 API,请按照上述端点中的指南操作,但
向 /v2/sandbox/apps/
而不是 /v2/apps/
发出请求。
https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/sandbox/apps/PROJECT_ID/entities:batchPush
https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/sandbox/apps/PROJECT_ID/entities/TYPE/ENTITY_ID?entity.vertical=FOODORDERING&delete_time=DELETE_TIME
更新实体
每个 POST 请求都必须包含请求参数以及 JSON 包含任何实体类型的结构化数据的载荷,如 广告资源架构
更新载荷
JSON 应该和批量 Feed 中一样, 以下差异:
- 载荷正文的大小不得超过 5 MB。与批处理作业相似, Feed,我们建议您删除空白,以适应更多数据。
- 信封如下所示:
{ "requests": [ { "entity": { "data":"ENTITY_DATA", "name": "apps/project_id>/entities/type/entity_id" }, "update_time":"UPDATE_TIMESTAMP" }, ], "vertical": "FOODORDERING" }
在上述载荷中,替换以下内容:
- ENTITY_DATA:已序列化为字符串的 JSON 格式实体。通过
JSON-LD 实体必须以字符串的形式在
data
字段中传递。 - UPDATE_TIMESTAMP(可选):实体更新时的时间戳
您的系统。时间值不能是将来的时间。默认时间戳为
Google 会收到相应请求。通过增量方式发送实体时
请求,实体版本控制还会使用
update_time
字段(如果是添加/更新请求)。
示例
示例 1:更新餐厅
假设您急需更新某家餐厅的电话号码。您的 update 包含整个餐馆的 JSON。
假设批量 Feed 如下所示:
{ "@type": "Restaurant", "@id": "restaurant12345", "name": "Some Restaurant", "url": "https://www.provider.com/somerestaurant", "telephone": "+16501234567", "streetAddress": "345 Spear St", "addressLocality": "San Francisco", "addressRegion": "CA", "postalCode": "94105", "addressCountry": "US", "latitude": 37.472842, "longitude": -122.217144 }
那么,通过 HTTP POST 进行的增量更新将如下所示:
POST v2/sandbox/apps/provider-project/entities:batchPush Host: actions.googleapis.com Content-Type: application/ld+json { "requests": [ { "entity": { "name": "apps/provider-project/entities/restaurant/restaurant12345", "data": { "@type": "Restaurant", "@id": "restaurant12345", "name": "Some Restaurant", "url": "https://www.provider.com/somerestaurant", "telephone": "+16501235555", "streetAddress": "345 Spear St", "addressLocality": "San Francisco", "addressRegion": "CA", "postalCode": "94105", "addressCountry": "US", "latitude": 37.472842, "longitude": -122.217144 } } } "vertical": "FOODORDERING" }
示例 2:更新多家餐馆
要在单个 API 调用中更新两个餐馆实体,HTTP POST 请求如下所示:
POST v2/sandbox/apps/provider-project/entities:batchPush Host: actions.googleapis.com Content-Type: application/ld+json { "requests": [ { "entity": { "name": "apps/provider-project/entities/restaurant/restaurant12345", "data": { "@type": "Restaurant", "@id": "restaurant12345", "name": "Some Restaurant", "url": "https://www.provider.com/somerestaurant", "telephone": "+16501235555", "streetAddress": "345 Spear St", "addressLocality": "San Francisco", "addressRegion": "CA", "postalCode": "94105", "addressCountry": "US", "latitude": 37.472842, "longitude": -122.217144 } } }, { "entity": { "name": "apps/provider-project/entities/restaurant/restaurant123", "data": { "@type": "Restaurant", "@id": "restaurant123", "name": "Some Other Restaurant", "url": "https://www.provider.com/somerestaurant", "telephone": "+16501231235", "streetAddress": "385 Spear St", "addressLocality": "San Mateo", "addressRegion": "CA", "postalCode": "94115", "addressCountry": "US" } } } ] "vertical": "FOODORDERING" }
示例 3:更新菜单项的价格
假设您需要更改菜单项的价格。与示例 1 一样,您的 update 必须包含整个顶级实体(菜单)的 JSON,并且 Feed 使用 v1 产品目录架构。
假设批量 Feed 如下所示:
{ "@type": "MenuItemOffer", "@id": "menuitemoffer6680262", "sku": "offer-cola", "menuItemId": "menuitem896532", "price": 3.00, "priceCurrency": "USD" }
那么,通过 POST 进行的增量更新将如下所示:
POST v2/sandbox/apps/provider-project/entities:batchPush Host: actions.googleapis.com Content-Type: application/ld+json { "requests": [ { "entity": { "name": "apps/provider-project/entities/menuitemoffer/menuitemoffer6680262", "data": { "@type": "MenuItemOffer", "@id": "menuitemoffer6680262", "sku": "offer-cola", "menuItemId": "menuitem896532", "price": 1.00, "priceCurrency": "USD" }, "vertical": "FOODORDERING" } } ] "vertical": "FOODORDERING" }
添加实体
如需添加实体,请避免使用产品目录更新。您可以改为使用 请参阅 v2 广告资源架构部分中介绍的流程。
移除实体
要移除顶级实体,您需要使用一个略微修改的端点, 并在请求中使用 HTTP DELETE 而不是 HTTP POST。
删除顶级实体
假设您想删除 Feed 中的餐馆。您必须 也会删除它的服务和菜单
具有 ID 的菜单实体的示例端点 "provider/restaurant/menu/nr":
DELETE v2/apps/delivery-provider-id/entities/menu/provider%2Frestaurant%2Fmenu%2Fnr?entity.vertical=FOODORDERING
Host: actions.googleapis.com
具有 ID 的餐馆实体的示例端点 "https://www.provider.com/restaurant/nr":
DELETE v2/apps/delivery-provider-id/entities/restaurant/provider%2Frestaurant%2Fnr?entity.vertical=FOODORDERING
Host: actions.googleapis.com
具有 ID 的服务实体的示例端点 "https://www.provider.com/restaurant/service/nr":
DELETE v2/apps/delivery-provider-id/entities/service/provider%2Frestaurant%2Fservice%2Fnr?entity.vertical=FOODORDERING
Host: actions.googleapis.com
}
移除子实体
请勿使用 HTTP DELETE 移除顶级实体中的子实体,例如 菜单项。相反,将子实体的移除 更新为顶级实体,其中子实体已从 相关列表或 reverseReference。
API 响应代码
调用成功并不意味着 Feed 有效或正确,只是表示 已完成 API 调用。成功的调用将收到 HTTP 响应代码 200 以及 响应正文为空:
{}
对于失败情况,HTTP 响应代码不会是 200,响应正文 会指明哪里出了问题。
例如,如果用户设置了“行业”值设为
FAKE_VERTICAL
,您将收到以下消息:
{
"error": {
"code": 400,
"message": "Invalid value at 'entity.vertical' (TYPE_ENUM), \"FAKE_VERTICAL\"",
"status": "INVALID_ARGUMENT",
"details": [
{
"@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.rpc.BadRequest",
"fieldViolations": [
{
"field": "entity.vertical",
"description": "Invalid value at 'entity.vertical' (TYPE_ENUM), \"FAKE_VERTICAL\""
}
]
}
]
}
}
代码示例
下面是一些示例,介绍了如何在各种环境中使用增量更新 API 语言。这些示例使用 Google Auth 库,并假设 Feed 使用 v1 广告资源架构如需了解替代解决方案,请参阅 针对“服务器到服务器”应用使用 OAuth 2.0。
更新实体
Node.js
此代码使用适用于 Node.js 的 Google auth 库。
const {auth} = require('google-auth-library') const request = require('request'); // The service account client secret file downloaded from the Google Cloud Console const serviceAccountJson = require('./service-account.json') // entity.json is a file that contains the entity data in json format const entity = require('./entity.json') const ENTITY_ID = 'your/entity/id' const PROJECT_ID = 'type/your-project-id' /** * Get the authorization token using a service account. */ async function getAuthToken() { let client = auth.fromJSON(serviceAccountJson) client.scopes = ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/assistant'] const tokens = await client.authorize() return tokens.access_token; } /** * Send an incremental update to update or add an entity */ async function updateEntity(entity) { const token = await getAuthToken() request.post({ headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Authorization': `Bearer ${token}` }, url: `https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/apps/${PROJECT_ID}/entities:batchPush`, body: { requests: [ { entity: { data: JSON.stringify(entity) name: `apps/${PROJECT_ID}/entities/${ENTITY_ID}` } } ], vertical: 'FOODORDERING' }, json: true }, (err, res, body) => { if (err) { return console.log(err); } console.log(`Response: ${JSON.stringify(res)}`) }) } updateEntity(entity)
Python
此代码使用 Python 版 Google 身份验证库。
from google.oauth2 import service_account from google.auth.transport.requests import AuthorizedSession import json import urllib PROJECT_ID = 'your-project-id' ENTITY_ID = 'type/your/entity/id' ENDPOINT = 'https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/apps/%s/entities:batchPush' % ( PROJECT_ID) # service-account.json is the service account client secret file downloaded from the # Google Cloud Console credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file( 'service-account.json') scoped_credentials = credentials.with_scopes( ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/assistant']) authed_session = AuthorizedSession(scoped_credentials) # Retrieving the entity update_file = open("entity.json") #JSON file containing entity data in json format. data = update_file.read() entity = {} entity['data'] = data #entity JSON-LD serialized as string entity['name'] = 'apps/%s/entities/%s' % (PROJECT_ID, urllib.quote(ENTITY_ID, '') ) # Populating the request request = {} request['entity'] = entity requestArray = [request] # Populating the payload payload = {} payload['requests'] = requestArray payload['vertical'] = 'FOODORDERING' response = authed_session.post(ENDPOINT, json=payload) print(response.text) #if successful, will be '{}'
Java
此代码使用 Java 版 Google auth 库。
private static final String PROJECT_ID = "your-project-id"; private static final String ENTITY_ID = "type/your-entity-id"; /** * Get the authorization token using a service account. */ private static String getAuthToken() { InputStream serviceAccountFile = Example.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("service-account.json"); ServiceAccountCredentials.Builder credentialsSimpleBuilder = ServiceAccountCredentials.fromStream(serviceAccountFile).toBuilder(); credentialsSimpleBuilder.setScopes(ImmutableList.of("https://www.googleapis.com/auth/assistant")); AccessToken accessToken = credentialsSimpleBuilder.build().refreshAccessToken(); return accessToken.getTokenValue(); } /** * Send an incremental update to update or add an entity. * @param entityId The id of the entity to update. * @param entity the json of the entity to be updated. */ public void updateEntity(String entityId, JSONObject data) { String authToken = getAuthToken(); String endpoint = String.format("https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/apps/%s/entities/:batchPush", PROJECT_ID); JSONObject entity = new JSONObject(); entity.put("data", data.toString()); entity.put("name", String.format("apps/%s/entities/%s", PROJECT_ID, URLEncoder.encode(ENTITY_ID, "UTF-8"))); JSONObject request = new JSONObject(); request.put("entity", entity); JSONArray requestArray = new JSONArray(); requestArray.put(request); JSONObject payload = new JSONObject(); payload.put("requests", requestArray); payload.put("vertical", FOODORDERING); // Execute POST request executePostRequest(endpoint, authToken, payload); }
移除实体
Node.js
此代码使用适用于 Node.js 的 Google auth 库。
const {auth} = require('google-auth-library') const request = require('request'); // The service account client secret file downloaded from the Google Cloud Console const serviceAccountJson = require('./service-account.json') // entity.json is a file that contains the entity data in json format const entity = require('./entity.json') const ENTITY_ID = 'restaurant/http://www.provider.com/somerestaurant' const PROJECT_ID = 'your-project-id' /** * Get the authorization token using a service account. */ async function getAuthToken() { let client = auth.fromJSON(serviceAccountJson) client.scopes = ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/assistant'] const tokens = await client.authorize() return tokens.access_token; } /** * Send an incremental update to delete an entity */ async function deleteEntity(entityId) { const token = await getAuthToken() request.delete({ headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Authorization': `Bearer ${token}` }, url: `https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/apps/${PROJECT_ID}/entities/${encodeURIComponent(entityId)}?entity.vertical=FOODORDERING`, body: {}, json: true }, (err, res, body) => { if (err) { return console.log(err); } console.log(`Response: ${JSON.stringify(res)}`) }) } deleteEntity(ENTITY_ID)
Python
此代码使用 Python 版 Google 身份验证库。
from google.oauth2 import service_account from google.auth.transport.requests import AuthorizedSession import json import urllib # Service config PROJECT_ID = 'your-project-id' ENTITY_ID = 'restaurant/http://www.provider.com/somerestaurant' DELETE_TIME = '2018-04-07T14:30:00-07:00' ENDPOINT = 'https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/apps/%s/entities/%s?entity.vertical=FOODORDERING&delete_time=%s' % ( PROJECT_ID, urllib.quote(ENTITY_ID, ''), urllib.quote(DELETE_TIME, '')) # service-account.json is the service account client secret file downloaded from the # Google Cloud Console credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file( 'service-account.json') scoped_credentials = credentials.with_scopes( ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/assistant']) authed_session = AuthorizedSession(scoped_credentials) response = authed_session.delete(ENDPOINT) print(response.text) #if successful, will be '{}'
Java
此代码使用 Java 版 Google auth 库。
private static final String PROJECT_ID = "your-project-id"; private static final String ENTITY_ID = "restaurant/http://www.provider.com/somerestaurant"; /** * Get the authorization token using a service account. */ private static String getAuthToken() { InputStream serviceAccountFile = Example.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("service-account.json"); ServiceAccountCredentials.Builder credentialsSimpleBuilder = ServiceAccountCredentials.fromStream(serviceAccountFile).toBuilder(); credentialsSimpleBuilder.setScopes(ImmutableList.of("https://www.googleapis.com/auth/assistant")); AccessToken accessToken = credentialsSimpleBuilder.build().refreshAccessToken(); return accessToken.getTokenValue(); } /** * Send an incremental update to delete an entity. * @param entityId The id of the entity to delete. */ public void deleteEntity(String entityId) { String authToken = getAuthToken(); String endpoint = String.format( "https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/apps/%s/entities/%s?entity.vertical=FOODORDERING", PROJECT_ID, URLEncoder.encode(entityId, "UTF-8")); // Execute DELETE request System.out.println(executeDeleteRequest(endpoint, authToken)); }
使用场景
以下是增量更新、完整 Feed 更新、 以及 API 调用中的较高级别内容:
场景 | 要更新的实体 | 说明和效果 |
---|---|---|
停用服务 | Service |
由于不可预见的原因,您需要停用服务。 增量更新:在以下位置更新 完整 Feed:请务必根据完整 Feed 更新实体
将 |
特定商品缺货 | MenuItemOffer |
增量更新:发送封装 MenuItemOffer
具有 inventoryLevel 设置为 0 的实体。
MenuItem ,所有其他数据保持不变。 |
菜单项价格变动 | MenuItemOffer |
增量更新:发送封装 MenuItemOffer
将 price 设置为指定
MenuItem ,所有其他数据保持不变。 |
添加新的顶级实体 仅适用于 |
Menu 、Restaurant 、Service |
例如,您需要向餐厅添加新菜单。 完整 Feed:在数据 Feed 中添加实体,并等待批量提取。 |
永久删除顶级实体 仅适用于 |
Menu 、Restaurant 、Service |
增量更新:将 显式删除。 完整 Feed:务必先从完整 Feed 中移除实体,然后再 下次提取时,系统将重新添加该实体。 |
在特定Service 添加新的送货区域 |
ServiceArea |
增量更新型 Feed:将相关 ServiceArea 实体及其所有
字段保持不变,就像您在完整 Feed 中一样,同时具有新的送货区域
在 polygon 、geoRadius 或 postalCode 内指定。 |
更新预计送达时间(Service ) |
ServiceHours |
增量 Feed:发送 ServiceHours 与
Feed,但其 leadTimeMin 已更新
。 |
更新Service 的运费 |
Fee |
增量供稿:发送完整递送Fee ,
“price ”已更新。 |
更新Service 的送货或外卖时间 |
ServiceHours |
增量 Feed:发送 ServiceHours 与
Feed,但其 opens 和 closes 属性已更新
。 |
Service (更改最低订单金额) |
Fee |
增量更新 Feed:发送完整的 Fee ,
minPrice
已更新 |
永久删除 MenuItem |
Menu |
增量 Feed:发送 MenuItem 与
但 parentMenuSectionId 为空。
|
批量作业和增量更新处理时间的 SLO
批量更新或删除的实体将在 2 分钟内进行处理 小时,而通过增量更新更新的实体将得到处理 5 分钟后开始。系统会在 7 天后删除过时实体。
您可向 Google 发送以下信息:
- 每天多个批量作业,确保您的商品目录处于最新状态;或
- 每天一个批量作业和增量 API,让您的商品目录保持最新状态。