地点自动补全（实验阶段）

欢迎使用经过改进的全新“地点自动补全”功能的实验性版本。自动补全是 Maps JavaScript API 中地点库的一项功能。借助自动补全，您可以让自己的应用具有 Google 地图搜索字段的“即输即找”功能。自动补全服务可以根据完整字词和子字符串进行匹配，从而解析地点名称、地址和 Plus Codes。这样，应用就可以在用户输入内容时发送查询，从而即时进行地点预测。

前提条件

欢迎使用新版地点自动补全（实验阶段）。若要使用文本搜索（预览版），您必须在 Google Cloud 项目中启用“Places API”，并在您的引导程序加载器中指定 Alpha 渠道 (v: "alpha")。如需了解详情，请参阅开始使用。

新变化

地点自动补全（实验阶段）在以下方面得到了改进：

  • Autocomplete widget 界面针对文本输入占位符、预测列表徽标和地点预测支持区域本地化（包括 RTL 语言）。
  • 增强了无障碍功能，包括对屏幕阅读器和键盘互动的支持。
  • Autocomplete widget 会返回新的 Place 类，以简化对返回对象的处理。
  • 为移动设备和小屏幕设备提供更好的支持。
  • 更出色的性能和改进的图形外观。

添加 Autocomplete widget

您可以为网页或 Google 地图添加 Autocomplete widget。Autocomplete widget 会创建文本输入字段，在界面选择列表中提供地点预测结果，并通过 gmp-placeselect 监听器返回地点详情以响应用户点击。本部分介绍了如何向网页或 Google 地图添加 Autocomplete widget。

向网页添加 Autocomplete widget

如要向网页添加 Autocomplete widget，请创建一个新的 input 元素，然后使用该元素创建新的 google.maps.places.PlaceAutocompleteElement，并将其附加到页面，如以下示例所示：

TypeScript

// Request needed libraries.
//@ts-ignore
const [{ Map }] = await Promise.all([
    google.maps.importLibrary("places"),
]);
// Create the input HTML element, and append it.
//@ts-ignore
const placeAutocomplete = new google.maps.places.PlaceAutocompleteElement();
//@ts-ignore
document.body.appendChild(placeAutocomplete);
index.ts

JavaScript

// Request needed libraries.
//@ts-ignore
const [{ Map }] = await Promise.all([google.maps.importLibrary("places")]);
// Create the input HTML element, and append it.
//@ts-ignore
const placeAutocomplete = new google.maps.places.PlaceAutocompleteElement();

//@ts-ignore
document.body.appendChild(placeAutocomplete);

index.js

查看完整代码示例

向地图添加 Autocomplete widget

如要向地图添加 Autocomplete widget，请创建一个新的 input 元素，使用该元素创建新的 google.maps.places.PlaceAutocompleteElement 实例，将 PlaceAutocompleteElement 附加到 div，然后将该元素作为自定义控件推送到地图上，如以下示例所示：

TypeScript

//@ts-ignore
const placeAutocomplete = new google.maps.places.PlaceAutocompleteElement();
//@ts-ignore
placeAutocomplete.id = 'place-autocomplete-input';

const card = document.getElementById('place-autocomplete-card') as HTMLElement;
//@ts-ignore
card.appendChild(placeAutocomplete);
map.controls[google.maps.ControlPosition.TOP_LEFT].push(card);
index.ts

JavaScript

//@ts-ignore
const placeAutocomplete = new google.maps.places.PlaceAutocompleteElement();

//@ts-ignore
placeAutocomplete.id = "place-autocomplete-input";

const card = document.getElementById("place-autocomplete-card");

//@ts-ignore
card.appendChild(placeAutocomplete);
map.controls[google.maps.ControlPosition.TOP_LEFT].push(card);
index.js

查看完整代码示例

限制自动补全预测结果

默认情况下，地点自动补全服务会显示所有地点类型（偏向于用户所在位置附近的预测结果），并提取用户所选地点的所有可用数据字段。通过限制或自定义调整结果来设置地点自动补全选项，可以显示更相关的预测结果。

限制预测结果会导致 Autocomplete widget 忽略限制区域以外的任何结果。常见做法是将结果范围限定在地图边界内。自定义调整结果会使 Autocomplete widget 显示指定区域内的结果，但某些匹配项可能不在这个指定区域内。

按国家/地区限制地点搜索

如要将地点搜索限定在一个或多个特定国家/地区，请使用 componentRestrictions 属性指定国家/地区代码，如以下代码段所示：

const pac = new google.maps.places.PlaceAutocompleteElement({
  inputElement: input,
  componentRestrictions: {country: ['us', 'au']},
});

将地点搜索限定在地图边界内

如要将地点搜索限定在地图的边界内，请使用 locationRestrictions 属性添加边界，如以下代码段所示：

const pac = new google.maps.places.PlaceAutocompleteElement({
  inputElement: input,
  locationRestriction: map.getBounds(),
});

将范围限定在地图边界内时，请务必添加监听器，以在边界发生变化时更新边界：

map.addListener('bounds_changed', () => {
  autocomplete.locationRestriction = map.getBounds();
});

如要移除 locationRestriction，请将其设置为 null。

自定义调整地点搜索结果

使用 locationBias 属性并传递半径，即可自定义调整地点搜索结果，将其限定在一个圆形区域内，如下所示：

const autocomplete = new google.maps.places.PlaceAutocompleteElement({
  inputElement: input,
  locationBias: {radius: 100, center: {lat: 50.064192, lng: -130.605469}},
});

如要移除 locationBias，请将其设置为 null。

将地点搜索结果限定为特定类型

使用 types 属性并指定一种或多种类型，即可将地点搜索结果限定为特定类型的地点，如下所示：

const autocomplete = new google.maps.places.PlaceAutocompleteElement({
  inputElement: input,
  types: ['establishment'],
});

如要查看所支持类型的完整列表，请参阅表 3：地点自动补全请求支持的类型。

获取地点详情

如要获取所选地点的地点详情，请向 PlaceAutocompleteElement 添加 gmp-place-select 监听器，如以下示例所示：

TypeScript

// Add the gmp-placeselect listener, and display the results.
//@ts-ignore
placeAutocomplete.addEventListener('gmp-placeselect', async ({ place }) => {
    await place.fetchFields({ fields: ['displayName', 'formattedAddress', 'location'] });

    selectedPlaceTitle.textContent = 'Selected Place:';
    selectedPlaceInfo.textContent = JSON.stringify(
        place.toJSON(), /* replacer */ null, /* space */ 2);
});
index.ts

JavaScript

// Add the gmp-placeselect listener, and display the results.
//@ts-ignore
placeAutocomplete.addEventListener("gmp-placeselect", async ({ place }) => {
  await place.fetchFields({
    fields: ["displayName", "formattedAddress", "location"],
  });
  selectedPlaceTitle.textContent = "Selected Place:";
  selectedPlaceInfo.textContent = JSON.stringify(
    place.toJSON(),
    /* replacer */ null,
    /* space */ 2,
  );
});
index.js

查看完整代码示例

在前面的示例中，事件监听器会返回 Place 类的对象。调用 place.fetchFields() 即可获取应用所需的地点详情数据字段。

下例中的监听器会请求地点信息并将其显示在地图上。

TypeScript

// Add the gmp-placeselect listener, and display the results on the map.
//@ts-ignore
placeAutocomplete.addEventListener('gmp-placeselect', async ({ place }) => {
    await place.fetchFields({ fields: ['displayName', 'formattedAddress', 'location'] });

    // If the place has a geometry, then present it on a map.
    if (place.viewport) {
        map.fitBounds(place.viewport);
    } else {
        map.setCenter(place.location);
        map.setZoom(17);
    }

    let content = '<div id="infowindow-content">' +
    '<span id="place-displayname" class="title">' + place.displayName + '</span><br />' +
    '<span id="place-address">' + place.formattedAddress + '</span>' +
    '</div>';

    updateInfoWindow(content, place.location);
    marker.position = place.location;
});
index.ts

JavaScript

// Add the gmp-placeselect listener, and display the results on the map.
//@ts-ignore
placeAutocomplete.addEventListener("gmp-placeselect", async ({ place }) => {
  await place.fetchFields({
    fields: ["displayName", "formattedAddress", "location"],
  });
  // If the place has a geometry, then present it on a map.
  if (place.viewport) {
    map.fitBounds(place.viewport);
  } else {
    map.setCenter(place.location);
    map.setZoom(17);
  }

  let content =
    '<div id="infowindow-content">' +
    '<span id="place-displayname" class="title">' +
    place.displayName +
    "</span><br />" +
    '<span id="place-address">' +
    place.formattedAddress +
    "</span>" +
    "</div>";

  updateInfoWindow(content, place.location);
  marker.position = place.location;
});
index.js

查看完整代码示例

获取所选地点的地理编码结果

如要获取所选地点的地理编码结果，请使用 google.maps.Geocoder 获取位置，如以下代码段所示：

const map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map'), {
  center: {lat: 50.064192, lng: -130.605469},
  zoom: 3,
});

const marker = new google.maps.Marker({map});
const inputElement = document.getElementById('pac-input');
const autocomplete = new google.maps.places.PlaceAutocompleteElement({inputElement});
const geocoder = new google.maps.Geocoder();

autocomplete.addListener('gmp-placeselect', async ({prediction: place}) => {
  const results = await geocoder.geocode({place.id});
  marker.setPlace({
    placeId: place.id,
    location: results[0].geometry.location,
  });
});

示例地图

本部分包含本页介绍的示例地图的完整代码。

自动补全元素

此示例会向网页添加 Autocomplete widget，并显示每个选定地点的结果。

TypeScript

async function initMap(): Promise<void> {
    // Request needed libraries.
    //@ts-ignore
    const [{ Map }] = await Promise.all([
        google.maps.importLibrary("places"),
    ]);
    // Create the input HTML element, and append it.
    //@ts-ignore
    const placeAutocomplete = new google.maps.places.PlaceAutocompleteElement();
    //@ts-ignore
    document.body.appendChild(placeAutocomplete);

    // Inject HTML UI.
    const selectedPlaceTitle = document.createElement('p');
    selectedPlaceTitle.textContent = '';
    document.body.appendChild(selectedPlaceTitle);

    const selectedPlaceInfo = document.createElement('pre');
    selectedPlaceInfo.textContent = '';
    document.body.appendChild(selectedPlaceInfo);

    // Add the gmp-placeselect listener, and display the results.
    //@ts-ignore
    placeAutocomplete.addEventListener('gmp-placeselect', async ({ place }) => {
        await place.fetchFields({ fields: ['displayName', 'formattedAddress', 'location'] });

        selectedPlaceTitle.textContent = 'Selected Place:';
        selectedPlaceInfo.textContent = JSON.stringify(
            place.toJSON(), /* replacer */ null, /* space */ 2);
    });
}

initMap();
index.ts

JavaScript

async function initMap() {
  // Request needed libraries.
  //@ts-ignore
  const [{ Map }] = await Promise.all([google.maps.importLibrary("places")]);
  // Create the input HTML element, and append it.
  //@ts-ignore
  const placeAutocomplete = new google.maps.places.PlaceAutocompleteElement();

  //@ts-ignore
  document.body.appendChild(placeAutocomplete);

  // Inject HTML UI.
  const selectedPlaceTitle = document.createElement("p");

  selectedPlaceTitle.textContent = "";
  document.body.appendChild(selectedPlaceTitle);

  const selectedPlaceInfo = document.createElement("pre");

  selectedPlaceInfo.textContent = "";
  document.body.appendChild(selectedPlaceInfo);
  // Add the gmp-placeselect listener, and display the results.
  //@ts-ignore
  placeAutocomplete.addEventListener("gmp-placeselect", async ({ place }) => {
    await place.fetchFields({
      fields: ["displayName", "formattedAddress", "location"],
    });
    selectedPlaceTitle.textContent = "Selected Place:";
    selectedPlaceInfo.textContent = JSON.stringify(
      place.toJSON(),
      /* replacer */ null,
      /* space */ 2,
    );
  });
}

initMap();
index.js

CSS

/* 
 * Always set the map height explicitly to define the size of the div element
 * that contains the map. 
 */
#map {
  height: 100%;
}

/* 
 * Optional: Makes the sample page fill the window. 
 */
html,
body {
  height: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

p {
  font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;
  font-weight: bold;
}

style.css

HTML

<html>
  <head>
    <title>Place Autocomplete element</title>
    <script src="https://polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=default"></script>

    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style.css" />
    <script type="module" src="./index.js"></script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <p style="font-family: roboto, sans-serif">Search for a place here:</p>

    <!-- prettier-ignore -->
    <script>(g=>{var h,a,k,p="The Google Maps JavaScript API",c="google",l="importLibrary",q="__ib__",m=document,b=window;b=b[c]||(b[c]={});var d=b.maps||(b.maps={}),r=new Set,e=new URLSearchParams,u=()=>h||(h=new Promise(async(f,n)=>{await (a=m.createElement("script"));e.set("libraries",[...r]+"");for(k in g)e.set(k.replace(/[A-Z]/g,t=>"_"+t[0].toLowerCase()),g[k]);e.set("callback",c+".maps."+q);a.src=`https://maps.${c}apis.com/maps/api/js?`+e;d[q]=f;a.onerror=()=>h=n(Error(p+" could not load."));a.nonce=m.querySelector("script[nonce]")?.nonce||"";m.head.append(a)}));d[l]?console.warn(p+" only loads once. Ignoring:",g):d[l]=(f,...n)=>r.add(f)&&u().then(()=>d[l](f,...n))})
        ({key: "AIzaSyB41DRUbKWJHPxaFjMAwdrzWzbVKartNGg", v: "alpha"});</script>
  </body>
</html>
index.html

试用示例

自动补全地图

以下示例展示了如何向 Google 地图添加 Autocomplete widget。

TypeScript

let map: google.maps.Map;
let marker: google.maps.marker.AdvancedMarkerElement;
let infoWindow: google.maps.InfoWindow;
async function initMap(): Promise<void> {
    // Request needed libraries.
    //@ts-ignore
    const [{ Map }, { AdvancedMarkerElement }] = await Promise.all([
        google.maps.importLibrary("marker"),
        google.maps.importLibrary("places")
      ]);

    // Initialize the map.
    map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map') as HTMLElement, {
        center: { lat: 40.749933, lng: -73.98633 },
        zoom: 13,
        mapId: '4504f8b37365c3d0',
        mapTypeControl: false,
    });
    //@ts-ignore
    const placeAutocomplete = new google.maps.places.PlaceAutocompleteElement();
    //@ts-ignore
    placeAutocomplete.id = 'place-autocomplete-input';

    const card = document.getElementById('place-autocomplete-card') as HTMLElement;
    //@ts-ignore
    card.appendChild(placeAutocomplete);
    map.controls[google.maps.ControlPosition.TOP_LEFT].push(card);

    // Create the marker and infowindow
    marker = new google.maps.marker.AdvancedMarkerElement({
        map,
    });

    infoWindow = new google.maps.InfoWindow({});

    // Add the gmp-placeselect listener, and display the results on the map.
    //@ts-ignore
    placeAutocomplete.addEventListener('gmp-placeselect', async ({ place }) => {
        await place.fetchFields({ fields: ['displayName', 'formattedAddress', 'location'] });

        // If the place has a geometry, then present it on a map.
        if (place.viewport) {
            map.fitBounds(place.viewport);
        } else {
            map.setCenter(place.location);
            map.setZoom(17);
        }

        let content = '<div id="infowindow-content">' +
        '<span id="place-displayname" class="title">' + place.displayName + '</span><br />' +
        '<span id="place-address">' + place.formattedAddress + '</span>' +
        '</div>';

        updateInfoWindow(content, place.location);
        marker.position = place.location;
    });
}

// Helper function to create an info window.
function updateInfoWindow(content, center) {
    infoWindow.setContent(content);
    infoWindow.setPosition(center);
    infoWindow.open({
        map,
        anchor: marker,
        shouldFocus: false,
    });
}

initMap();
index.ts

JavaScript

let map;
let marker;
let infoWindow;

async function initMap() {
  // Request needed libraries.
  //@ts-ignore
  const [{ Map }, { AdvancedMarkerElement }] = await Promise.all([
    google.maps.importLibrary("marker"),
    google.maps.importLibrary("places"),
  ]);

  // Initialize the map.
  map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById("map"), {
    center: { lat: 40.749933, lng: -73.98633 },
    zoom: 13,
    mapId: "4504f8b37365c3d0",
    mapTypeControl: false,
  });

  //@ts-ignore
  const placeAutocomplete = new google.maps.places.PlaceAutocompleteElement();

  //@ts-ignore
  placeAutocomplete.id = "place-autocomplete-input";

  const card = document.getElementById("place-autocomplete-card");

  //@ts-ignore
  card.appendChild(placeAutocomplete);
  map.controls[google.maps.ControlPosition.TOP_LEFT].push(card);
  // Create the marker and infowindow
  marker = new google.maps.marker.AdvancedMarkerElement({
    map,
  });
  infoWindow = new google.maps.InfoWindow({});
  // Add the gmp-placeselect listener, and display the results on the map.
  //@ts-ignore
  placeAutocomplete.addEventListener("gmp-placeselect", async ({ place }) => {
    await place.fetchFields({
      fields: ["displayName", "formattedAddress", "location"],
    });
    // If the place has a geometry, then present it on a map.
    if (place.viewport) {
      map.fitBounds(place.viewport);
    } else {
      map.setCenter(place.location);
      map.setZoom(17);
    }

    let content =
      '<div id="infowindow-content">' +
      '<span id="place-displayname" class="title">' +
      place.displayName +
      "</span><br />" +
      '<span id="place-address">' +
      place.formattedAddress +
      "</span>" +
      "</div>";

    updateInfoWindow(content, place.location);
    marker.position = place.location;
  });
}

// Helper function to create an info window.
function updateInfoWindow(content, center) {
  infoWindow.setContent(content);
  infoWindow.setPosition(center);
  infoWindow.open({
    map,
    anchor: marker,
    shouldFocus: false,
  });
}

initMap();
index.js

CSS

/* 
 * Always set the map height explicitly to define the size of the div element
 * that contains the map. 
 */
#map {
  height: 100%;
}

/* 
 * Optional: Makes the sample page fill the window. 
 */
html,
body {
  height: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

#place-autocomplete-card {
  background-color: #fff;
  border-radius: 5px;
  box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35) 0px 5px 15px;
  margin: 10px;
  padding: 5px;
  font-family: Roboto, sans-serif;
  font-size: large;
  font-weight: bold;
}

#place-autocomplete {
  width: 250px;
}

#infowindow-content .title {
  font-weight: bold;
}

#map #infowindow-content {
  display: inline;
}

style.css

HTML

<html>
  <head>
    <title>Place Autocomplete map</title>
    <script src="https://polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=default"></script>

    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style.css" />
    <script type="module" src="./index.js"></script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="place-autocomplete-card" id="place-autocomplete-card">
      <p>Search for a place here:</p>
    </div>
    <div id="map"></div>

    <!-- prettier-ignore -->
    <script>(g=>{var h,a,k,p="The Google Maps JavaScript API",c="google",l="importLibrary",q="__ib__",m=document,b=window;b=b[c]||(b[c]={});var d=b.maps||(b.maps={}),r=new Set,e=new URLSearchParams,u=()=>h||(h=new Promise(async(f,n)=>{await (a=m.createElement("script"));e.set("libraries",[...r]+"");for(k in g)e.set(k.replace(/[A-Z]/g,t=>"_"+t[0].toLowerCase()),g[k]);e.set("callback",c+".maps."+q);a.src=`https://maps.${c}apis.com/maps/api/js?`+e;d[q]=f;a.onerror=()=>h=n(Error(p+" could not load."));a.nonce=m.querySelector("script[nonce]")?.nonce||"";m.head.append(a)}));d[l]?console.warn(p+" only loads once. Ignoring:",g):d[l]=(f,...n)=>r.add(f)&&u().then(()=>d[l](f,...n))})
        ({key: "AIzaSyB41DRUbKWJHPxaFjMAwdrzWzbVKartNGg", v: "alpha"});</script>
  </body>
</html>
index.html

试用示例