本節說明如何傳送具時效性的商品目錄更新 實體上傳至 Google。Incremental Update API 可讓您推送更新及刪除 就能大幅提升作業效率
這項功能主要是供您無法預見的更新 例如緊急關閉。通常透過 漸進式更新 API 應在以下時間以內推出: 1 小時。如果不需要立即反映變更,您可以 批次擷取。 漸進式更新會在五分鐘內處理完畢。
必要條件
實作漸進式更新前,請務必先完成以下事項:
- 系統會建立具有 Actions 專案的編輯者角色的服務帳戶。 詳情請參閱: 建立及設定專案。
- 系統會代管及擷取實際工作環境或沙箱資料動態饋給。 詳情請參閱: 批次擷取。
- (建議選用) 安裝 Google 用戶端程式庫 並在呼叫 也能使用 Google Cloud CLI 或 Compute Engine API以下提供的程式碼範例使用了這些程式庫。否則, 必須手動處理權杖交換,如使用 OAuth 2.0 存取 Google API 一文所述。
端點
請在下列要求中,替換以下內容:
- PROJECT_ID:與您專案相關聯的 Google Cloud 專案 ID 在建立及設定專案中建立的專案。
- TYPE:實體類型 (
@type
屬性) 該物件的所有屬性。 - ENTITY_ID (僅限刪除端點):要刪除的實體 ID。請務必 將實體 ID 進行網址編碼。
- DELETE_TIME (僅限刪除端點):用來表示
實體在您系統中刪除的時間 (預設為要求
)。時間值不得為未來的時間。傳送實體時
透過漸進式呼叫實體版本管理
如果是刪除呼叫,也會使用
delete_time
欄位。格式化 值是yyyy-mm-ddTHH:mm:ssZ
更新端點
如要修改實體,請向下列端點提出 HTTP POST 要求 並包含更新和新增項目的酬載。 您最多可在單次 API 呼叫中更新 1,000 個實體。
https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/apps/PROJECT_ID/entities:batchPush
舉例來說,假設您想更新 ID 為「delivery-provider-id」的專案中實體 端點應為以下內容:
https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/apps/delivery-provider-id/entities:batchpush
刪除端點
如要刪除商品目錄中的實體,請向下列端點發出 HTTP DELETE 要求。
https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/apps/PROJECT_ID/entities/TYPE/ENTITY_ID?entity.vertical=FOODORDERING&delete_time=DELETE_TIME
例如,要刪除「MenuSection」ID 為「menuSection_122」的實體當中的「delivery-provider-id」就必須對以下程式碼發出 HTTP DELETE API 呼叫:
https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/apps/delivery-provider-id/entities/MenuSection/menuSection_122?entity.vertical=FOODORDERING
沙箱環境
如要在沙箱廣告空間中使用 Incremental Update API,請按照上方端點中的指示操作,但
向 /v2/sandbox/apps/
發出要求,而非 /v2/apps/
。
https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/sandbox/apps/PROJECT_ID/entities:batchPush
https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/sandbox/apps/PROJECT_ID/entities/TYPE/ENTITY_ID?entity.vertical=FOODORDERING&delete_time=DELETE_TIME
更新實體
每個 POST 要求都必須包含要求參數與 JSON 內含 廣告空間架構
更新酬載
JSON 顯示的內容應與批次動態饋給中的資訊相同, 下列差異:
- 酬載主體的大小不得超過 5 MB。與批次作業類似 為了容納更多資料,建議您去除空白字元。
- 信封如下所示:
{ "requests": [ { "entity": { "data":"ENTITY_DATA", "name": "apps/project_id>/entities/type/entity_id" }, "update_time":"UPDATE_TIMESTAMP" }, ], "vertical": "FOODORDERING" }
在上述酬載中,替換以下內容:
- ENTITY_DATA:JSON 格式的實體,已序列化為字串。
JSON-LD 實體必須在
data
欄位中以字串的形式傳遞。 - UPDATE_TIMESTAMP (選用):實體更新時間的時間戳記:
以及系統時間值不得為未來的時間。預設時間戳記處於
Google 收到要求後,透過
要求,實體版本管理也會使用
update_time
欄位。
範例
範例 1:更新餐廳
假設您急需更新餐廳的電話號碼,您的 update 會包含整間餐廳的 JSON。
假設批次動態饋給如下所示:
{ "@type": "Restaurant", "@id": "restaurant12345", "name": "Some Restaurant", "url": "https://www.provider.com/somerestaurant", "telephone": "+16501234567", "streetAddress": "345 Spear St", "addressLocality": "San Francisco", "addressRegion": "CA", "postalCode": "94105", "addressCountry": "US", "latitude": 37.472842, "longitude": -122.217144 }
那麼 HTTP POST 的漸進式更新會如下所示:
POST v2/sandbox/apps/provider-project/entities:batchPush Host: actions.googleapis.com Content-Type: application/ld+json { "requests": [ { "entity": { "name": "apps/provider-project/entities/restaurant/restaurant12345", "data": { "@type": "Restaurant", "@id": "restaurant12345", "name": "Some Restaurant", "url": "https://www.provider.com/somerestaurant", "telephone": "+16501235555", "streetAddress": "345 Spear St", "addressLocality": "San Francisco", "addressRegion": "CA", "postalCode": "94105", "addressCountry": "US", "latitude": 37.472842, "longitude": -122.217144 } } } "vertical": "FOODORDERING" }
範例 2:更新多間餐廳
如要在單一 API 呼叫中更新兩個餐廳實體,HTTP POST 要求會如下所示:
POST v2/sandbox/apps/provider-project/entities:batchPush Host: actions.googleapis.com Content-Type: application/ld+json { "requests": [ { "entity": { "name": "apps/provider-project/entities/restaurant/restaurant12345", "data": { "@type": "Restaurant", "@id": "restaurant12345", "name": "Some Restaurant", "url": "https://www.provider.com/somerestaurant", "telephone": "+16501235555", "streetAddress": "345 Spear St", "addressLocality": "San Francisco", "addressRegion": "CA", "postalCode": "94105", "addressCountry": "US", "latitude": 37.472842, "longitude": -122.217144 } } }, { "entity": { "name": "apps/provider-project/entities/restaurant/restaurant123", "data": { "@type": "Restaurant", "@id": "restaurant123", "name": "Some Other Restaurant", "url": "https://www.provider.com/somerestaurant", "telephone": "+16501231235", "streetAddress": "385 Spear St", "addressLocality": "San Mateo", "addressRegion": "CA", "postalCode": "94115", "addressCountry": "US" } } } ] "vertical": "FOODORDERING" }
範例 3:更新菜單品項價格
假設您需要變更選單項目的價格,如範例 1 所示,您的 update 必須包含整個頂層實體 (選單) 的 JSON,而 動態饋給會採用第 1 版商品目錄架構。
假設批次動態饋給如下所示:
{ "@type": "MenuItemOffer", "@id": "menuitemoffer6680262", "sku": "offer-cola", "menuItemId": "menuitem896532", "price": 3.00, "priceCurrency": "USD" }
那麼透過 POST 進行的漸進式更新會如下所示:
POST v2/sandbox/apps/provider-project/entities:batchPush Host: actions.googleapis.com Content-Type: application/ld+json { "requests": [ { "entity": { "name": "apps/provider-project/entities/menuitemoffer/menuitemoffer6680262", "data": { "@type": "MenuItemOffer", "@id": "menuitemoffer6680262", "sku": "offer-cola", "menuItemId": "menuitem896532", "price": 1.00, "priceCurrency": "USD" }, "vertical": "FOODORDERING" } } ] "vertical": "FOODORDERING" }
新增實體
如要新增實體,請避免使用商品目錄更新項目。建議改用批次動態饋給 第 2 版商品目錄架構中所述的程序。
移除實體
如要移除頂層實體,請使用稍微修改的端點。 並在要求中使用 HTTP DELETE,而不是 HTTP POST。
刪除頂層實體
舉例來說,當你想刪除動態饋給中的餐廳時,您必須 也會一併刪除其服務和選單。
選單實體 (ID 為) 的範例端點 "provider/restaurant/menu/nr":
DELETE v2/apps/delivery-provider-id/entities/menu/provider%2Frestaurant%2Fmenu%2Fnr?entity.vertical=FOODORDERING
Host: actions.googleapis.com
ID 為其他餐廳實體的端點範例 "https://www.provider.com/restaurant/nr":
DELETE v2/apps/delivery-provider-id/entities/restaurant/provider%2Frestaurant%2Fnr?entity.vertical=FOODORDERING
Host: actions.googleapis.com
ID 為 ID 的服務實體的端點範例 "https://www.provider.com/restaurant/service/nr":
DELETE v2/apps/delivery-provider-id/entities/service/provider%2Frestaurant%2Fservice%2Fnr?entity.vertical=FOODORDERING
Host: actions.googleapis.com
}
移除子實體
請勿使用 HTTP DELETE 來移除頂層實體中的子實體,例如: 選單項目您可以將移除子實體視為 更新至從 相關清單或 reverseReference。
API 回應代碼
呼叫成功不代表動態饋給有效或正確,只表示 已進行 API 呼叫。成功的呼叫會收到 HTTP 回應代碼 200,以及 空白回應主體:
{}
如果失敗,HTTP 回應代碼不會是 200,而回應主體 代表出了問題
舉例來說,如果使用者將「vertical」設為輸入
FAKE_VERTICAL
,您會收到以下訊息:
{
"error": {
"code": 400,
"message": "Invalid value at 'entity.vertical' (TYPE_ENUM), \"FAKE_VERTICAL\"",
"status": "INVALID_ARGUMENT",
"details": [
{
"@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.rpc.BadRequest",
"fieldViolations": [
{
"field": "entity.vertical",
"description": "Invalid value at 'entity.vertical' (TYPE_ENUM), \"FAKE_VERTICAL\""
}
]
}
]
}
}
程式碼範例
下方範例說明如何在各種應用程式中使用 Incremental Update API 語言。這些範例使用 Google Auth 程式庫,並假設動態饋給為 第 1 版商品目錄架構如要瞭解替代解決方案,請參閱 針對伺服器對伺服器應用程式使用 OAuth 2.0。
更新實體
Node.js
這個程式碼使用 Node.js 適用的 Google 驗證程式庫。
const {auth} = require('google-auth-library') const request = require('request'); // The service account client secret file downloaded from the Google Cloud Console const serviceAccountJson = require('./service-account.json') // entity.json is a file that contains the entity data in json format const entity = require('./entity.json') const ENTITY_ID = 'your/entity/id' const PROJECT_ID = 'type/your-project-id' /** * Get the authorization token using a service account. */ async function getAuthToken() { let client = auth.fromJSON(serviceAccountJson) client.scopes = ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/assistant'] const tokens = await client.authorize() return tokens.access_token; } /** * Send an incremental update to update or add an entity */ async function updateEntity(entity) { const token = await getAuthToken() request.post({ headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Authorization': `Bearer ${token}` }, url: `https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/apps/${PROJECT_ID}/entities:batchPush`, body: { requests: [ { entity: { data: JSON.stringify(entity) name: `apps/${PROJECT_ID}/entities/${ENTITY_ID}` } } ], vertical: 'FOODORDERING' }, json: true }, (err, res, body) => { if (err) { return console.log(err); } console.log(`Response: ${JSON.stringify(res)}`) }) } updateEntity(entity)
Python
這段程式碼使用 Python 適用的 Google 驗證程式庫。
from google.oauth2 import service_account from google.auth.transport.requests import AuthorizedSession import json import urllib PROJECT_ID = 'your-project-id' ENTITY_ID = 'type/your/entity/id' ENDPOINT = 'https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/apps/%s/entities:batchPush' % ( PROJECT_ID) # service-account.json is the service account client secret file downloaded from the # Google Cloud Console credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file( 'service-account.json') scoped_credentials = credentials.with_scopes( ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/assistant']) authed_session = AuthorizedSession(scoped_credentials) # Retrieving the entity update_file = open("entity.json") #JSON file containing entity data in json format. data = update_file.read() entity = {} entity['data'] = data #entity JSON-LD serialized as string entity['name'] = 'apps/%s/entities/%s' % (PROJECT_ID, urllib.quote(ENTITY_ID, '') ) # Populating the request request = {} request['entity'] = entity requestArray = [request] # Populating the payload payload = {} payload['requests'] = requestArray payload['vertical'] = 'FOODORDERING' response = authed_session.post(ENDPOINT, json=payload) print(response.text) #if successful, will be '{}'
Java
這個程式碼使用 Java 適用的 Google 驗證程式庫。
private static final String PROJECT_ID = "your-project-id"; private static final String ENTITY_ID = "type/your-entity-id"; /** * Get the authorization token using a service account. */ private static String getAuthToken() { InputStream serviceAccountFile = Example.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("service-account.json"); ServiceAccountCredentials.Builder credentialsSimpleBuilder = ServiceAccountCredentials.fromStream(serviceAccountFile).toBuilder(); credentialsSimpleBuilder.setScopes(ImmutableList.of("https://www.googleapis.com/auth/assistant")); AccessToken accessToken = credentialsSimpleBuilder.build().refreshAccessToken(); return accessToken.getTokenValue(); } /** * Send an incremental update to update or add an entity. * @param entityId The id of the entity to update. * @param entity the json of the entity to be updated. */ public void updateEntity(String entityId, JSONObject data) { String authToken = getAuthToken(); String endpoint = String.format("https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/apps/%s/entities/:batchPush", PROJECT_ID); JSONObject entity = new JSONObject(); entity.put("data", data.toString()); entity.put("name", String.format("apps/%s/entities/%s", PROJECT_ID, URLEncoder.encode(ENTITY_ID, "UTF-8"))); JSONObject request = new JSONObject(); request.put("entity", entity); JSONArray requestArray = new JSONArray(); requestArray.put(request); JSONObject payload = new JSONObject(); payload.put("requests", requestArray); payload.put("vertical", FOODORDERING); // Execute POST request executePostRequest(endpoint, authToken, payload); }
移除實體
Node.js
這個程式碼使用 Node.js 適用的 Google 驗證程式庫。
const {auth} = require('google-auth-library') const request = require('request'); // The service account client secret file downloaded from the Google Cloud Console const serviceAccountJson = require('./service-account.json') // entity.json is a file that contains the entity data in json format const entity = require('./entity.json') const ENTITY_ID = 'restaurant/http://www.provider.com/somerestaurant' const PROJECT_ID = 'your-project-id' /** * Get the authorization token using a service account. */ async function getAuthToken() { let client = auth.fromJSON(serviceAccountJson) client.scopes = ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/assistant'] const tokens = await client.authorize() return tokens.access_token; } /** * Send an incremental update to delete an entity */ async function deleteEntity(entityId) { const token = await getAuthToken() request.delete({ headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Authorization': `Bearer ${token}` }, url: `https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/apps/${PROJECT_ID}/entities/${encodeURIComponent(entityId)}?entity.vertical=FOODORDERING`, body: {}, json: true }, (err, res, body) => { if (err) { return console.log(err); } console.log(`Response: ${JSON.stringify(res)}`) }) } deleteEntity(ENTITY_ID)
Python
這段程式碼使用 Python 適用的 Google 驗證程式庫。
from google.oauth2 import service_account from google.auth.transport.requests import AuthorizedSession import json import urllib # Service config PROJECT_ID = 'your-project-id' ENTITY_ID = 'restaurant/http://www.provider.com/somerestaurant' DELETE_TIME = '2018-04-07T14:30:00-07:00' ENDPOINT = 'https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/apps/%s/entities/%s?entity.vertical=FOODORDERING&delete_time=%s' % ( PROJECT_ID, urllib.quote(ENTITY_ID, ''), urllib.quote(DELETE_TIME, '')) # service-account.json is the service account client secret file downloaded from the # Google Cloud Console credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file( 'service-account.json') scoped_credentials = credentials.with_scopes( ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/assistant']) authed_session = AuthorizedSession(scoped_credentials) response = authed_session.delete(ENDPOINT) print(response.text) #if successful, will be '{}'
Java
這個程式碼使用 Java 適用的 Google 驗證程式庫。
private static final String PROJECT_ID = "your-project-id"; private static final String ENTITY_ID = "restaurant/http://www.provider.com/somerestaurant"; /** * Get the authorization token using a service account. */ private static String getAuthToken() { InputStream serviceAccountFile = Example.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("service-account.json"); ServiceAccountCredentials.Builder credentialsSimpleBuilder = ServiceAccountCredentials.fromStream(serviceAccountFile).toBuilder(); credentialsSimpleBuilder.setScopes(ImmutableList.of("https://www.googleapis.com/auth/assistant")); AccessToken accessToken = credentialsSimpleBuilder.build().refreshAccessToken(); return accessToken.getTokenValue(); } /** * Send an incremental update to delete an entity. * @param entityId The id of the entity to delete. */ public void deleteEntity(String entityId) { String authToken = getAuthToken(); String endpoint = String.format( "https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/apps/%s/entities/%s?entity.vertical=FOODORDERING", PROJECT_ID, URLEncoder.encode(entityId, "UTF-8")); // Execute DELETE request System.out.println(executeDeleteRequest(endpoint, authToken)); }
用途
以下列舉幾個使用漸進式更新、完整動態饋給更新、 和 API 呼叫中高階的內容:
情境 | 要更新的實體 | 說明與效果 |
---|---|---|
停用服務 | Service |
您必須基於未預期的原因停用服務。 增量更新:在 完整動態饋給:請務必更新完整動態饋給中的實體
必須將「 |
特定產品缺貨中 | MenuItemOffer |
增量更新:傳送封裝的 MenuItemOffer
就指定類別而言,inventoryLevel 設為 0 的實體
MenuItem ,所有其他資料則維持不變。 |
菜單品項價格異動 | MenuItemOffer |
增量更新:傳送封裝的 MenuItemOffer
price 設定為指定的更新價格
MenuItem ,所有其他資料則維持不變。 |
新增頂層實體 僅適用於 |
Menu 、Restaurant 、Service |
舉例來說,您需要為餐廳新增菜單, 完整動態饋給:在資料動態饋給中加入實體,然後等待批次擷取。 |
永久刪除頂層實體 僅適用於 |
Menu 、Restaurant 、Service |
完整動態饋給:請務必在 下一次 Google 擷取,否則會重新加入該實體。 |
新增特定Service 的送貨區域 |
ServiceArea |
漸進式動態饋給:傳送相關的 ServiceArea 實體和所有
欄位完整保留,就像您平常在完整動態饋給內一樣,並新增了運送區域
polygon 、geoRadius 或 postalCode 內指定。 |
更新Service 後的預計送達時間 |
ServiceHours |
漸進式動態饋給:傳送與活動相同的 ServiceHours
動態饋給,但 leadTimeMin 除外
。 |
更新Service 的配送價格 |
Fee |
漸進式動態饋給:以 Fee 傳送完整提交資料,
已更新「price 」。 |
更新Service 的外送或外帶時段 |
ServiceHours |
漸進式動態饋給:傳送與活動相同的 ServiceHours
動態饋給 (opens 和 closes 屬性除外)
。 |
Service (變更最低訂單金額) |
Fee |
漸進式動態饋給:以下列方式傳送完整的「Fee 」:
minPrice
已更新 |
永久刪除MenuItem |
Menu |
漸進式動態饋給:傳送與活動相同的 MenuItem
但 parentMenuSectionId 空白
|
批次工作和漸進式更新處理時間的服務等級目標
透過批次更新或刪除的實體,系統會在 2 個日期內處理該實體 處於最佳作業模式的時數,而透過漸進式更新對實體進行更新時 短短 5 分鐘內就能完成過時實體會在 7 天後刪除。
您可以向 Google 傳送以下資訊:
- 每天執行多項批次工作,讓商品目錄資料保持在最新狀態。
- 每天一項批次工作和漸進式 API,讓商品目錄資料保持最新狀態。