原生廣告自訂事件

必要條件

完成自訂事件設定。

請求原生廣告

當刊登序列中介服務鏈執行到自訂事件委刊項，系統會以您在建立自訂事件時指定的類別名稱，呼叫 loadNativeAd:adConfiguration:completionHandler: 方法。在本例中，該方法位於 SampleCustomEvent，會接著呼叫 SampleCustomEventNative 中的 loadNativeAd:adConfiguration:completionHandler: 方法。

如要請求原生廣告，請建立或修改導入 GADMediationAdapter 和 loadNativeAd:adConfiguration:completionHandler: 的類別。如果已有擴充 GADMediationAdapter 的類別，請在該處實作 loadNativeAd:adConfiguration:completionHandler:。此外，請建立新類別來導入 GADMediationNativeAd。

在我們的自訂事件範例中，SampleCustomEvent 會實作 GADMediationAdapter 介面，然後委派給 SampleCustomEventNative。

Swift

import GoogleMobileAds

class SampleCustomEvent: NSObject, MediationAdapter {

  fileprivate var nativeAd: SampleCustomEventNativeAd?

  func loadNativeAd(
    for adConfiguration: MediationNativeAdConfiguration,
    completionHandler: @escaping GADMediationNativeAdLoadCompletionHandler
  ) {
    self.nativeAd = SampleCustomEventNativeAd()
    self.nativeAd?.loadNativeAd(
      for: adConfiguration, completionHandler: completionHandler)
  }
}

Objective-C

#import "SampleCustomEvent.h"

@implementation SampleCustomEvent

SampleCustomEventNativeAd *sampleNativeAd;

- (void)loadNativeAdForAdConfiguration:
            (GADMediationNativeAdConfiguration *)adConfiguration
                     completionHandler:
                         (GADMediationNativeAdLoadCompletionHandler)
                             completionHandler {
  sampleNative = [[SampleCustomEventNativeAd alloc] init];
  [sampleNative loadNativeAdForAdConfiguration:adConfiguration
                             completionHandler:completionHandler];
}

`SampleCustomEventNative` 負責下列工作：

• 載入原生廣告

• 導入 GADMediationNativeAd 通訊協定。

• 接收廣告事件回呼，並回報給 Google Mobile Ads SDK。

在 Ad Manager UI 中定義的選用參數會包含在廣告設定。 使用 adConfiguration.credentials.settings[@"parameter"] 即可存取。這項參數通常是廣告單元 ID，廣告聯播網 SDK 在例項化廣告物件時會用到。

Swift

class SampleCustomEventNativeAd: NSObject, MediationNativeAd {
  /// The Sample Ad Network native ad.
  var nativeAd: SampleNativeAd?

  /// The ad event delegate to forward ad rendering events to the Google Mobile
  /// Ads SDK.
  var delegate: MediationNativeAdEventDelegate?

  /// Completion handler called after ad load
  var completionHandler: GADMediationNativeLoadCompletionHandler?

  func loadNativeAd(
    for adConfiguration: MediationNativeAdConfiguration,
    completionHandler: @escaping GADMediationNativeLoadCompletionHandler
  ) {
    let adLoader = SampleNativeAdLoader()
    let sampleRequest = SampleNativeAdRequest()

    // Google Mobile Ads SDK requires the image assets to be downloaded
    // automatically unless the publisher specifies otherwise by using the
    // GADNativeAdImageAdLoaderOptions object's disableImageLoading property. If
    // your network doesn't have an option like this and instead only ever
    // returns URLs for images (rather than the images themselves), your adapter
    // should download image assets on behalf of the publisher. This should be
    // done after receiving the native ad object from your network's SDK, and
    // before calling the connector's adapter:didReceiveMediatedNativeAd: method.
    sampleRequest.shouldDownloadImages = true
    sampleRequest.preferredImageOrientation = NativeAdImageOrientation.any
    sampleRequest.shouldRequestMultipleImages = false
    let options = adConfiguration.options
    for loaderOptions: AdLoaderOptions in options {
      if let imageOptions = loaderOptions as? NativeAdImageAdLoaderOptions {
        sampleRequest.shouldRequestMultipleImages =
          imageOptions.shouldRequestMultipleImages
        // If the GADNativeAdImageAdLoaderOptions' disableImageLoading property is
        // YES, the adapter should send just the URLs for the images.
        sampleRequest.shouldDownloadImages = !imageOptions.disableImageLoading
      } else if let mediaOptions = loaderOptions
        as? NativeAdMediaAdLoaderOptions
      {
        switch mediaOptions.mediaAspectRatio {
        case MediaAspectRatio.landscape:
          sampleRequest.preferredImageOrientation =
            NativeAdImageOrientation.landscape
        case MediaAspectRatio.portrait:
          sampleRequest.preferredImageOrientation =
            NativeAdImageOrientation.portrait
        default:
          sampleRequest.preferredImageOrientation = NativeAdImageOrientation.any
        }
      }
    }
    // This custom event uses the server parameter to carry an ad unit ID, which
    // is the most common use case.
    adLoader.delegate = self
    adLoader.adUnitID =
      adConfiguration.credentials.settings["parameter"] as? String
    self.completionHandler = completionHandler
    adLoader.fetchAd(sampleRequest)
  }
}

Objective-C

#import "SampleCustomEventNativeAd.h"

@interface SampleCustomEventNativeAd () <SampleNativeAdDelegate,
                                         GADMediationNativeAd> {
  /// The sample native ad.
  SampleNativeAd *_nativeAd;

  /// The completion handler to call when the ad loading succeeds or fails.
  GADMediationNativeLoadCompletionHandler _loadCompletionHandler;

  /// The ad event delegate to forward ad rendering events to the Google Mobile
  /// Ads SDK.
  id<GADMediationNativeAdEventDelegate> _adEventDelegate;
}
@end

- (void)loadNativeAdForAdConfiguration:
            (GADMediationNativeAdConfiguration *)adConfiguration
                     completionHandler:(GADMediationNativeLoadCompletionHandler)
                                           completionHandler {
  __block atomic_flag completionHandlerCalled = ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT;
  __block GADMediationNativeLoadCompletionHandler originalCompletionHandler =
      [completionHandler copy];

  _loadCompletionHandler = ^id<GADMediationNativeAdEventDelegate>(
      _Nullable id<GADMediationNativeAd> ad, NSError *_Nullable error) {
    // Only allow completion handler to be called once.
    if (atomic_flag_test_and_set(&completionHandlerCalled)) {
      return nil;
    }

    id<GADMediationNativeAdEventDelegate> delegate = nil;
    if (originalCompletionHandler) {
      // Call original handler and hold on to its return value.
      delegate = originalCompletionHandler(ad, error);
    }

    // Release reference to handler. Objects retained by the handler will also
    // be released.
    originalCompletionHandler = nil;

    return delegate;
  };

  SampleNativeAdLoader *adLoader = [[SampleNativeAdLoader alloc] init];
  SampleNativeAdRequest *sampleRequest = [[SampleNativeAdRequest alloc] init];

  // Google Mobile Ads SDK requires the image assets to be downloaded
  // automatically unless the publisher specifies otherwise by using the
  // GADNativeAdImageAdLoaderOptions object's disableImageLoading property. If
  // your network doesn't have an option like this and instead only ever returns
  // URLs for images (rather than the images themselves), your adapter should
  // download image assets on behalf of the publisher. This should be done after
  // receiving the native ad object from your network's SDK, and before calling
  // the connector's adapter:didReceiveMediatedNativeAd: method.
  sampleRequest.shouldDownloadImages = YES;

  sampleRequest.preferredImageOrientation = NativeAdImageOrientationAny;
  sampleRequest.shouldRequestMultipleImages = NO;
  sampleRequest.testMode = adConfiguration.isTestRequest;

  for (GADAdLoaderOptions *loaderOptions in adConfiguration.options) {
    if ([loaderOptions isKindOfClass:[GADNativeAdImageAdLoaderOptions class]]) {
      GADNativeAdImageAdLoaderOptions *imageOptions =
          (GADNativeAdImageAdLoaderOptions *)loaderOptions;
      sampleRequest.shouldRequestMultipleImages =
          imageOptions.shouldRequestMultipleImages;

      // If the GADNativeAdImageAdLoaderOptions' disableImageLoading property is
      // YES, the adapter should send just the URLs for the images.
      sampleRequest.shouldDownloadImages = !imageOptions.disableImageLoading;
    } else if ([loaderOptions
                   isKindOfClass:[GADNativeAdMediaAdLoaderOptions class]]) {
      GADNativeAdMediaAdLoaderOptions *mediaOptions =
          (GADNativeAdMediaAdLoaderOptions *)loaderOptions;
      switch (mediaOptions.mediaAspectRatio) {
        case GADMediaAspectRatioLandscape:
          sampleRequest.preferredImageOrientation =
              NativeAdImageOrientationLandscape;
          break;
        case GADMediaAspectRatioPortrait:
          sampleRequest.preferredImageOrientation =
              NativeAdImageOrientationPortrait;
          break;
        default:
          sampleRequest.preferredImageOrientation = NativeAdImageOrientationAny;
          break;
      }
    } else if ([loaderOptions isKindOfClass:[GADNativeAdViewAdOptions class]]) {
      _nativeAdViewAdOptions = (GADNativeAdViewAdOptions *)loaderOptions;
    }
  }

  // This custom event uses the server parameter to carry an ad unit ID, which
  // is the most common use case.
  NSString *adUnit = adConfiguration.credentials.settings[@"parameter"];
  adLoader.adUnitID = adUnit;
  adLoader.delegate = self;

  [adLoader fetchAd:sampleRequest];
}

無論廣告擷取成功或發生錯誤，您都會呼叫 GADMediationNativeAdLoadCompletionHandler。如果成功，請透過實作 GADMediationNativeAd 的類別，為錯誤參數傳遞 nil 值；如果失敗，請傳遞您遇到的錯誤。

這些方法通常是在轉接程式導入的第三方 SDK 回呼中執行。以本例來說，範例 SDK 的 SampleNativeAdDelegate 含有相關回呼：

Swift

func adLoader(
  _ adLoader: SampleNativeAdLoader, didReceive nativeAd: SampleNativeAd
) {
  extraAssets = [
    SampleCustomEventConstantsSwift.awesomenessKey: nativeAd.degreeOfAwesomeness
      ?? ""
  ]

  if let image = nativeAd.image {
    images = [NativeAdImage(image: image)]
  } else {
    let imageUrl = URL(fileURLWithPath: nativeAd.imageURL)
    images = [NativeAdImage(url: imageUrl, scale: nativeAd.imageScale)]
  }
  if let mappedIcon = nativeAd.icon {
    icon = NativeAdImage(image: mappedIcon)
  } else {
    let iconURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: nativeAd.iconURL)
    icon = NativeAdImage(url: iconURL, scale: nativeAd.iconScale)
  }

  adChoicesView = SampleAdInfoView()
  self.nativeAd = nativeAd
  if let handler = completionHandler {
    delegate = handler(self, nil)
  }
}

func adLoader(
  _ adLoader: SampleNativeAdLoader,
  didFailToLoadAdWith errorCode: SampleErrorCode
) {
  let error =
    SampleCustomEventUtilsSwift.SampleCustomEventErrorWithCodeAndDescription(
      code: SampleCustomEventErrorCodeSwift
        .SampleCustomEventErrorAdLoadFailureCallback,
      description:
        "Sample SDK returned an ad load failure callback with error code: \(errorCode)"
    )
  if let handler = completionHandler {
    delegate = handler(nil, error)
  }
}

Objective-C

- (void)adLoader:(SampleNativeAdLoader *)adLoader
    didReceiveNativeAd:(SampleNativeAd *)nativeAd {
  if (nativeAd.image) {
    _images = @[ [[GADNativeAdImage alloc] initWithImage:nativeAd.image] ];
  } else {
    NSURL *imageURL = [[NSURL alloc] initFileURLWithPath:nativeAd.imageURL];
    _images = @[ [[GADNativeAdImage alloc] initWithURL:imageURL
                                                 scale:nativeAd.imageScale] ];
  }

  if (nativeAd.icon) {
    _icon = [[GADNativeAdImage alloc] initWithImage:nativeAd.icon];
  } else {
    NSURL *iconURL = [[NSURL alloc] initFileURLWithPath:nativeAd.iconURL];
    _icon = [[GADNativeAdImage alloc] initWithURL:iconURL
                                            scale:nativeAd.iconScale];
  }

  // The sample SDK provides an AdChoices view (SampleAdInfoView). If your SDK
  // provides image and click through URLs for its AdChoices icon instead of an
  // actual UIView, the adapter is responsible for downloading the icon image
  // and creating the AdChoices icon view.
  _adChoicesView = [[SampleAdInfoView alloc] init];
  _nativeAd = nativeAd;

  _adEventDelegate = _loadCompletionHandler(self, nil);
}

- (void)adLoader:(SampleNativeAdLoader *)adLoader
    didFailToLoadAdWithErrorCode:(SampleErrorCode)errorCode {
  NSError *error = SampleCustomEventErrorWithCodeAndDescription(
      SampleCustomEventErrorAdLoadFailureCallback,
      [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Sample SDK returned an ad load failure "
                                 @"callback with error code: %@",
                                 errorCode]);
  _adEventDelegate = _loadCompletionHandler(nil, error);
}

地圖原生廣告

不同 SDK 的原生廣告格式各不相同。舉例來說，有的可能會傳回含有「title」欄位的物件，有的則可能含有「headline」欄位。此外，追蹤曝光和處理點擊的方法也因 SDK 而異。

為解決這些問題，自訂事件從中介服務 SDK 收到原生廣告物件時，應使用實作 GADMediationNativeAd 的類別 (例如 SampleCustomEventNativeAd)「對應」中介服務 SDK 的原生廣告物件，確保符合 Google Mobile Ads SDK 預期的介面。

我們現在要深入瞭解 SampleCustomEventNativeAd 的實作詳細資料。

儲存對應

GADMediationNativeAd 應實作某些屬性，這些屬性會對應至其他 SDK 的屬性：

Swift

var nativeAd: SampleNativeAd?

var headline: String? {
  return nativeAd?.headline
}

var images: [NativeAdImage]?

var body: String? {
  return nativeAd?.body
}

var icon: NativeAdImage?

var callToAction: String? {
  return nativeAd?.callToAction
}

var starRating: NSDecimalNumber? {
  return nativeAd?.starRating
}

var store: String? {
  return nativeAd?.store
}

var price: String? {
  return nativeAd?.price
}

var advertiser: String? {
  return nativeAd?.advertiser
}

var extraAssets: [String: Any]? {
  return [
    SampleCustomEventConstantsSwift.awesomenessKey:
      nativeAd?.degreeOfAwesomeness
      ?? ""
  ]
}

var adChoicesView: UIView?

var mediaView: UIView? {
  return nativeAd?.mediaView
}

Objective-C

/// Used to store the ad's images. In order to implement the
/// GADMediationNativeAd protocol, we use this class to return the images
/// property.
NSArray<GADNativeAdImage *> *_images;

/// Used to store the ad's icon. In order to implement the GADMediationNativeAd
/// protocol, we use this class to return the icon property.
GADNativeAdImage *_icon;

/// Used to store the ad's ad choices view. In order to implement the
/// GADMediationNativeAd protocol, we use this class to return the adChoicesView
/// property.
UIView *_adChoicesView;

- (nullable NSString *)headline {
  return _nativeAd.headline;
}

- (nullable NSArray<GADNativeAdImage *> *)images {
  return _images;
}

- (nullable NSString *)body {
  return _nativeAd.body;
}

- (nullable GADNativeAdImage *)icon {
  return _icon;
}

- (nullable NSString *)callToAction {
  return _nativeAd.callToAction;
}

- (nullable NSDecimalNumber *)starRating {
  return _nativeAd.starRating;
}

- (nullable NSString *)store {
  return _nativeAd.store;
}

- (nullable NSString *)price {
  return _nativeAd.price;
}

- (nullable NSString *)advertiser {
  return _nativeAd.advertiser;
}

- (nullable NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)extraAssets {
  return
      @{SampleCustomEventExtraKeyAwesomeness : _nativeAd.degreeOfAwesomeness};
}

- (nullable UIView *)adChoicesView {
  return _adChoicesView;
}

- (nullable UIView *)mediaView {
  return _nativeAd.mediaView;
}

- (BOOL)hasVideoContent {
  return self.mediaView != nil;
}

某些中介服務聯播網除了有 Google Mobile Ads SDK 定義的素材資源，還會提供其他素材資源。GADMediationNativeAd 通訊協定包含名為 extraAssets 的方法，Google Mobile Ads SDK 會透過這個方法，從對應器擷取這類「額外」的素材資源。

對應圖片素材資源

相較於對應 NSString 或 double 等較簡單的資料類型，對應圖片素材資源會比較複雜。圖片可能會自動下載，或以網址值形式傳回，像素密度可能也有所差異。

為協助您管理這些詳細資料，Google Mobile Ads SDK 提供 GADNativeAdImage 類別。圖片素材資源資訊 (無論是實際的 UIImage 物件，或只是 NSURL 值) 應透過這個類別，傳回給 Google Mobile Ads SDK。

以下說明對應器類別如何建立 GADNativeAdImage，保留圖示圖片：

Swift

if let image = nativeAd.image {
  images = [NativeAdImage(image: image)]
} else {
  let imageUrl = URL(fileURLWithPath: nativeAd.imageURL)
  images = [NativeAdImage(url: imageUrl, scale: nativeAd.imageScale)]
}

Objective-C

if (nativeAd.image) {
  _images = @[ [[GADNativeAdImage alloc] initWithImage:nativeAd.image] ];
} else {
  NSURL *imageURL = [[NSURL alloc] initFileURLWithPath:nativeAd.imageURL];
  _images = @[ [[GADNativeAdImage alloc] initWithURL:imageURL
                                               scale:nativeAd.imageScale] ];
}

曝光和點擊事件

Google Mobile Ads SDK 和中介 SDK 都需要知道何時發生曝光或點擊，但只有一個 SDK 需要追蹤這些事件。自訂事件有兩種方法可使用，具體取決於中介服務 SDK 是否支援自行追蹤曝光和點擊。

使用 Google Mobile Ads SDK 追蹤點擊和曝光

如果中介服務 SDK 不會自行追蹤曝光和點擊，但支援記錄點擊和曝光的方法，Google Mobile Ads SDK 就能追蹤這些事件並通知轉接程式。GADMediationNativeAd 協定包含兩種方法：didRecordImpression: 和 didRecordClickOnAssetWithName:view:viewController:，自訂事件可實作這些方法，以便呼叫中介服務原生廣告物件的對應方法：

Swift

func didRecordImpression() {
  nativeAd?.recordImpression()
}

func didRecordClickOnAsset(
  withName assetName: GADUnifiedNativeAssetIdentifier,
  view: UIView,
  wController: UIViewController
) {
  nativeAd?.handleClick(on: view)
}

Objective-C

- (void)didRecordImpression {
  if (self.nativeAd) {
    [self.nativeAd recordImpression];
  }
}

- (void)didRecordClickOnAssetWithName:(GADUnifiedNativeAssetIdentifier)assetName
                                 view:(UIView *)view
                       viewController:(UIViewController *)viewController {
  if (self.nativeAd) {
    [self.nativeAd handleClickOnView:view];
  }
}

由於實作 GADMediationNativeAd 通訊協定的類別會保留範例 SDK 原生廣告物件的參照，因此能呼叫該物件的適當方法，回報點擊或曝光事件。請注意，didRecordClickOnAssetWithName:view:viewController: 方法只有一個參數，也就是 View 物件 (與收到點擊的原生廣告素材相對應）。

使用中介服務 SDK 追蹤點擊和曝光

部分中介服務 SDK 可能偏好自行追蹤點擊和曝光次數。在這種情況下，您應實作 handlesUserClicks 和 handlesUserImpressions 方法，如下列程式碼片段所示。傳回 YES，表示自訂事件會負責追蹤這些事件，並在發生這些事件時通知 Google Mobile Ads SDK。

如果自訂事件會覆寫點擊和曝光追蹤功能，可使用 didRenderInView: 訊息將原生廣告的檢視區塊傳遞給中介 SDK 的原生廣告物件，以利該 SDK 用於實際追蹤。在自訂事件範例專案 (即本指南擷取的程式碼片段) 中，範例 SDK 不是採用這種做法，如果採用的話，自訂事件程式碼會呼叫 setNativeAdView:view: 方法，如下列程式碼片段所示：

Swift

func handlesUserClicks() -> Bool {
  return true
}
func handlesUserImpressions() -> Bool {
  return true
}

func didRender(
  in view: UIView, clickableAssetViews: [GADNativeAssetIdentifier: UIView],
  nonclickableAssetViews: [GADNativeAssetIdentifier: UIView],
  viewController: UIViewController
) {
  // This method is called when the native ad view is rendered. Here you would pass the UIView
  // back to the mediated network's SDK.
  self.nativeAd?.setNativeAdView(view)
}

Objective-C

- (BOOL)handlesUserClicks {
  return YES;
}

- (BOOL)handlesUserImpressions {
  return YES;
}

- (void)didRenderInView:(UIView *)view
       clickableAssetViews:(NSDictionary<GADNativeAssetIdentifier, UIView *> *)
                               clickableAssetViews
    nonclickableAssetViews:(NSDictionary<GADNativeAssetIdentifier, UIView *> *)
                               nonclickableAssetViews
            viewController:(UIViewController *)viewController {
  // This method is called when the native ad view is rendered. Here you would
  // pass the UIView back to the mediated network's SDK. Playing video using
  // SampleNativeAd's playVideo method
  [_nativeAd setNativeAdView:view];
}

將中介服務事件轉送至 Google Mobile Ads SDK

使用已載入的廣告呼叫 GADMediationNativeLoadCompletionHandler 後，轉接程式可使用傳回的 GADMediationNativeAdEventDelegate 委派代表物件，將呈現事件從第三方 SDK 轉送至 Google Mobile Ads SDK。

自訂事件應盡量將這些回呼轉送至 Google Mobile Ads SDK，這樣應用程式才能收到相應的事件通知。以下是回呼使用範例：

到這裡就完成原生廣告的自訂事件導入設定！如需完整範例，請前往 GitHub。