你可以使用 Products 子 API,部分更新現有產品。 這項功能非常適合經常變更的資料 (例如價格和供應情形),因為這樣一來,即使只有小幅變動,也不必重新提交整個產品。不過,建議你定期重新插入產品,確保所有產品資料都已同步。
本指南說明如何使用 productinputs.patch
方法更新產品。
必要條件
更新產品前,請先備妥下列項目:
- 要更新的現有產品。如要瞭解如何建立產品,請參閱「新增及管理產品」指南。
- 產品輸入所屬資料來源的
name
(例如accounts/12345/dataSources/67890
)。如要瞭解如何找出這個值,請參閱管理產品上傳的 API 資料來源指南。
更新特定產品詳細資料
如要變更產品的幾項詳細資料 (例如價格或供應情形),而不必重新提交所有資訊,請使用 productInputs.patch
方法。
您可以在 updateMask
參數中指定要變更的欄位。「updateMask
」是以半形逗號分隔的欄位清單,列出您要更新的欄位。patch
方法的行為如下:
updateMask
和主體中的欄位:這些欄位會更新為新值。updateMask
中的欄位,但不在主體中:這些欄位會從產品輸入內容中刪除。- 不在
updateMask
中的欄位:這些欄位不會變更。 - 省略
updateMask
參數:系統會更新要求主體中提供的所有欄位。要求主體中未提供的欄位不會從產品輸入內容中刪除。
以下是更新前的產品資料範例:
{
"name": "accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/productInputs/en~US~SKU12345",
"product": "accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/products/en~US~SKU12345",
"offerId": "SKU12345",
"contentLanguage": "en",
"feedLabel": "US",
"productAttributes": {
"title": "Classic Cotton T-Shirt",
"description": "A comfortable, durable, and stylish t-shirt made from 100% cotton.",
"link": "https://www.example.com/p/SKU12345",
"availability": "IN_STOCK",
"price": {
"amountMicros": "15990000",
"currencyCode": "USD"
},
"condition": "NEW",
"gtins": [
"9780007350896"
],
"imageLink": "https://www.example.com/image/SKU12345"
}
}
這個範例會更新產品的 title
和 availability
,並刪除其 imageLink
。description
和 price
不在 updateMask
中,且會維持不變。
PATCH https://merchantapi.googleapis.com/products/v1/accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/productInputs/en~US~SKU12345?updateMask=productAttributes.title,productAttributes.availability,productAttributes.imageLink&dataSource=accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/dataSources/{DATASOURCE_ID}
{
"productAttributes": {
"title": "Classic Cotton T-Shirt - New Edition",
"availability": "OUT_OF_STOCK",
"description": "A comfortable T-shirt from premium cotton, newer edition.",
"price": {
"amountMicros": "9990000",
"currencyCode": "USD"
}
}
}
如果呼叫成功,會傳回更新後的 ProductInput
資源。title
和 availability
已更新,而 imageLink
則已移除,因為該項目位於 updateMask
中,但不在要求內文中。description
和 price
維持不變,因為這兩項未列在 updateMask
中。
{
"name": "accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/productInputs/en~US~SKU12345",
"product": "accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/products/en~US~SKU12345",
"offerId": "SKU12345",
"contentLanguage": "en",
"feedLabel": "US",
"productAttributes": {
"title": "Classic Cotton T-Shirt - New Edition",
"description": "A comfortable, durable, and stylish t-shirt made from 100% cotton.",
"link": "https://www.example.com/p/SKU12345",
"availability": "OUT_OF_STOCK",
"price": {
"amountMicros": "15990000",
"currencyCode": "USD"
},
"condition": "NEW",
"gtins": [
"9780007350896"
],
}
}
以下程式碼範例說明如何更新產品。
Java
import com.google.api.gax.core.FixedCredentialsProvider;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import com.google.protobuf.FieldMask;
import com.google.shopping.merchant.datasources.v1.DataSourceName;
import com.google.shopping.merchant.products.v1.Availability;
import com.google.shopping.merchant.products.v1.Condition;
import com.google.shopping.merchant.products.v1.ProductAttributes;
import com.google.shopping.merchant.products.v1.ProductInput;
import com.google.shopping.merchant.products.v1.ProductInputName;
import com.google.shopping.merchant.products.v1.ProductInputsServiceClient;
import com.google.shopping.merchant.products.v1.ProductInputsServiceSettings;
import com.google.shopping.merchant.products.v1.UpdateProductInputRequest;
import com.google.shopping.type.CustomAttribute;
import shopping.merchant.samples.utils.Authenticator;
import shopping.merchant.samples.utils.Config;
/** This class demonstrates how to update a product input */
public class UpdateProductInputSample {
public static void updateProductInput(Config config, String productId, String dataSourceId)
throws Exception {
// Obtains OAuth token based on the user's configuration.
GoogleCredentials credential = new Authenticator().authenticate();
// Creates service settings using the credentials retrieved above.
ProductInputsServiceSettings productInputsServiceSettings =
ProductInputsServiceSettings.newBuilder()
.setCredentialsProvider(FixedCredentialsProvider.create(credential))
.build();
// Creates product name to identify product.
String name =
ProductInputName.newBuilder()
.setAccount(config.getAccountId().toString())
.setProductinput(productId)
.build()
.toString();
// Just productAttributes and customAttributes can be updated
FieldMask fieldMask =
FieldMask.newBuilder()
.addPaths("product_attributes.title")
.addPaths("product_attributes.description")
.addPaths("product_attributes.link")
.addPaths("product_attributes.image_link")
.addPaths("product_attributes.availability")
.addPaths("product_attributes.condition")
.addPaths("product_attributes.gtins")
.addPaths("custom_attributes.mycustomattribute")
.build();
// Calls the API and catches and prints any network failures/errors.
try (ProductInputsServiceClient productInputsServiceClient =
ProductInputsServiceClient.create(productInputsServiceSettings)) {
ProductAttributes attributes =
ProductAttributes.newBuilder()
.setTitle("A Tale of Two Cities")
.setDescription("A classic novel about the French Revolution")
.setLink("https://exampleWebsite.com/tale-of-two-cities.html")
.setImageLink("https://exampleWebsite.com/tale-of-two-cities.jpg")
.setAvailability(Availability.IN_STOCK)
.setCondition(Condition.NEW)
.addGtins("9780007350896")
.build();
// The datasource can be either a primary or supplemental datasource.
String dataSource =
DataSourceName.newBuilder()
.setAccount(config.getAccountId().toString())
.setDatasource(dataSourceId)
.build()
.toString();
UpdateProductInputRequest request =
UpdateProductInputRequest.newBuilder()
.setUpdateMask(fieldMask)
// You can only update product attributes and custom_attributes
.setDataSource(dataSource)
.setProductInput(
ProductInput.newBuilder()
.setName(name)
.setProductAttributes(attributes)
.addCustomAttributes(
CustomAttribute.newBuilder()
.setName("mycustomattribute")
.setValue("Example value")
.build())
.build())
.build();
System.out.println("Sending update ProductInput request");
ProductInput response = productInputsServiceClient.updateProductInput(request);
System.out.println("Updated ProductInput Name below");
// The last part of the product name will be the product ID assigned to a product by Google.
// Product ID has the format `contentLanguage~feedLabel~offerId`
System.out.println(response.getName());
System.out.println("Updated Product below");
System.out.println(response);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Config config = Config.load();
// An ID assigned to a product by Google. In the format
// contentLanguage~feedLabel~offerId
String productId = "en~label~sku123"; // Replace with your product ID.
// Identifies the data source that will own the product input.
String dataSourceId = "{INSERT_DATASOURCE_ID}"; // Replace with your datasource ID.
updateProductInput(config, productId, dataSourceId);
}
}
PHP
use Google\ApiCore\ApiException;
use Google\Protobuf\FieldMask;
use Google\Shopping\Merchant\Products\V1\Availability;
use Google\Shopping\Merchant\Products\V1\Condition;
use Google\Shopping\Merchant\Products\V1\ProductAttributes;
use Google\Shopping\Merchant\Products\V1\Client\ProductInputsServiceClient;
use Google\Shopping\Merchant\Products\V1\ProductInput;
use Google\Shopping\Merchant\Products\V1\UpdateProductInputRequest;
use Google\Shopping\Type\CustomAttribute;
/**
* This class demonstrates how to update a product input.
*/
class UpdateProductInputSample
{
// An ID assigned to a product by Google. In the format
// contentLanguage~feedLabel~offerId
// Please ensure this product ID exists for the update to succeed.
private const PRODUCT_ID = "online~en~label~sku123";
// Identifies the data source that will own the product input.
// Please ensure this data source ID exists.
private const DATASOURCE_ID = "<INSERT_DATASOURCE_ID>";
/**
* Helper function to construct the full product input resource name.
*
* @param string $accountId The merchant account ID.
* @param string $productInputId The product input ID (e.g., "online~en~label~sku123").
* @return string The full product input resource name.
*/
private static function getProductInputName(string $accountId, string $productInputId): string
{
return sprintf("accounts/%s/productInputs/%s", $accountId, $productInputId);
}
/**
* Helper function to construct the full data source resource name.
*
* @param string $accountId The merchant account ID.
* @param string $dataSourceId The data source ID.
* @return string The full data source resource name.
*/
private static function getDataSourceName(string $accountId, string $dataSourceId): string
{
return sprintf("accounts/%s/dataSources/%s", $accountId, $dataSourceId);
}
/**
* Updates an existing product input in your Merchant Center account.
*
* @param array $config The configuration array containing the account ID.
* @param string $productId The ID of the product input to update.
* @param string $dataSourceId The ID of the data source.
*/
public static function updateProductInput(
array $config,
string $productId,
string $dataSourceId
): void {
// Gets the OAuth credentials to make the request.
$credentials = Authentication::useServiceAccountOrTokenFile();
// Creates options config containing credentials for the client to use.
$options = ['credentials' => $credentials];
// Creates a ProductInputsServiceClient.
$productInputsServiceClient = new ProductInputsServiceClient($options);
// Construct the full resource name of the product input to be updated.
$name = self::getProductInputName($config['accountId'], $productId);
// Define the FieldMask to specify which fields to update.
// Only 'attributes' and 'custom_attributes' can be specified in the
// FieldMask for product input updates.
$fieldMask = new FieldMask([
'paths' => [
"product_attributes.title",
"product_attributes.description",
"product_attributes.link",
"product_attributes.image_link",
"product_attributes.availability",
"product_attributes.condition",
"product_attributes.gtin",
"custom_attributes.mycustomattribute" // Path for a specific custom attribute
]
]);
// Calls the API and handles any network failures or errors.
try {
// Define the new attributes for the product.
$attributes = new ProductAttributes([
'title' => 'A Tale of Two Cities 3',
'description' => 'A classic novel about the French Revolution',
'link' => 'https://exampleWebsite.com/tale-of-two-cities.html',
'image_link' => 'https://exampleWebsite.com/tale-of-two-cities.jpg',
'availability' => Availability::IN_STOCK,
'condition' => Condition::PBNEW,
'gtins' => ['9780007350896'] // GTIN is a repeated field.
]);
// Construct the full data source name.
// This specifies the data source context for the update.
$dataSource = self::getDataSourceName($config['accountId'], $dataSourceId);
// Create the ProductInput object with the desired updates.
// The 'name' field must match the product input being updated.
$productInput = new ProductInput([
'name' => $name,
'product_attributes' => $attributes,
'custom_attributes' => [ // Provide the list of custom attributes.
new CustomAttribute([
'name' => 'mycustomattribute',
'value' => 'Example value'
])
]
]);
// Create the UpdateProductInputRequest.
$request = new UpdateProductInputRequest([
'update_mask' => $fieldMask,
'data_source' => $dataSource,
'product_input' => $productInput
]);
print "Sending update ProductInput request\n";
// Make the API call to update the product input.
$response = $productInputsServiceClient->updateProductInput($request);
print "Updated ProductInput Name below\n";
// The name of the updated product input.
// The last part of the product name is the product ID (e.g., contentLanguage~feedLabel~offerId).
print $response->getName() . "\n";
print "Updated Product below\n";
// Print the full updated product input object.
print_r($response);
} catch (ApiException $e) {
printf("ApiException caught: %s\n", $e->getMessage());
}
}
/**
* Executes the UpdateProductInput sample.
*/
public function callSample(): void
{
$config = Config::generateConfig();
$productId = self::PRODUCT_ID;
$dataSourceId = self::DATASOURCE_ID;
self::updateProductInput($config, $productId, $dataSourceId);
}
}
// Run the script.
$sample = new UpdateProductInputSample();
$sample->callSample();
Python
"""A module to update a product input."""
from examples.authentication import configuration
from examples.authentication import generate_user_credentials
from google.protobuf import field_mask_pb2
from google.shopping.merchant_products_v1 import Availability
from google.shopping.merchant_products_v1 import Condition
from google.shopping.merchant_products_v1 import ProductAttributes
from google.shopping.merchant_products_v1 import ProductInput
from google.shopping.merchant_products_v1 import ProductInputsServiceClient
from google.shopping.merchant_products_v1 import UpdateProductInputRequest
from google.shopping.type import CustomAttribute
# Fetches the Merchant Center account ID from the authentication examples.
# This ID is needed to construct resource names for the API.
_ACCOUNT_ID = configuration.Configuration().read_merchant_info()
def update_product_input(account_id: str, product_id: str, data_source_id: str):
"""Updates an existing product input for a specific account.
Args:
account_id: The Merchant Center account ID.
product_id: The ID of the product input to update. This ID is assigned by
Google and has the format `contentLanguage~feedLabel~offerId`.
data_source_id: The ID of the data source that owns the product input.
"""
# Obtains OAuth credentials for authentication.
credentials = generate_user_credentials.main()
# Creates a ProductInputsServiceClient instance.
client = ProductInputsServiceClient(credentials=credentials)
# Constructs the full resource name for the product input.
# Format: accounts/{account}/productInputs/{productinput}
name = f"accounts/{account_id}/productInputs/{product_id}"
# Defines the FieldMask to specify which fields of the product input
# are being updated. Only 'attributes' and 'custom_attributes' can be updated.
field_mask = field_mask_pb2.FieldMask(
paths=[
"product_attributes.title",
"product_attributes.description",
"product_attributes.link",
"product_attributes.image_link",
"product_attributes.availability",
"product_attributes.condition",
"product_attributes.gtins",
"custom_attributes.mycustomattribute",
]
)
# Prepares the new attribute values for the product.
attributes = ProductAttributes(
title="A Tale of Two Cities updated",
description="A classic novel about the French Revolution",
link="https://exampleWebsite.com/tale-of-two-cities.html",
image_link="https://exampleWebsite.com/tale-of-two-cities.jpg",
availability=Availability.IN_STOCK,
condition=Condition.NEW,
gtins=["9780007350896"], # GTIN is a repeated field.
)
# Constructs the full resource name for the data source.
# The data source can be primary or supplemental.
# Format: accounts/{account}/dataSources/{datasource}
data_source = f"accounts/{account_id}/dataSources/{data_source_id}"
# Prepares the ProductInput object with the updated information.
product_input_data = ProductInput(
name=name,
product_attributes=attributes,
custom_attributes=[
CustomAttribute(
name="mycustomattribute", value="Example value"
)
],
)
# Creates the UpdateProductInputRequest.
request = UpdateProductInputRequest(
update_mask=field_mask,
data_source=data_source,
product_input=product_input_data,
)
# Sends the update request to the API.
try:
print("Sending update ProductInput request")
response = client.update_product_input(request=request)
print("Updated ProductInput Name below")
# The response includes the name of the updated product input.
# The last part of the product name is the product ID assigned by Google.
print(response.name)
print("Updated Product below")
print(response)
except RuntimeError as e:
# Catches and prints any errors that occur during the API call.
print(e)
if __name__ == "__main__":
# The ID of the product to be updated.
# This ID is assigned by Google and typically follows the format:
# contentLanguage~feedLabel~offerId
# Replace with an actual product ID from your Merchant Center account.
product_id_to_update = "online~en~label~sku123"
# The ID of the data source that will own the updated product input.
# Replace with an actual data source ID from your Merchant Center account.
data_source_id_for_update = "<INSERT_DATA_SOURCE_ID>"
update_product_input(
_ACCOUNT_ID, product_id_to_update, data_source_id_for_update
)
cURL
curl --location --request PATCH 'https://merchantapi.googleapis.com/products/v1/accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/productInputs/en~US~SKU12345?updateMask=productAttributes.title,productAttributes.description&dataSource=accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/dataSources/{DATASOURCE_ID}' \
--header 'Authorization: Bearer <API_TOKEN>' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data '{
"productAttributes": {
"title": "A Tale of Two Cities",
"description": "A classic novel about the French Revolution"
}
}'
使用自訂屬性更新
您可以在單一呼叫中更新標準和自訂屬性。如要更新自訂屬性,請在 updateMask
中,以 customAttributes
為屬性名稱加上前置字串。
這個範例會在一個要求中執行多項動作:
- 直接更新標準
title
屬性。 - 更新現有的自訂屬性 (
myCustomAttrToBeUpdated
)。 - 插入新的自訂屬性 (
myCustomAttrToBeInserted
)。 - 刪除現有的自訂屬性 (
myCustomAttrToBeDeleted
)。
PATCH https://merchantapi.googleapis.com/products/v1/accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/productInputs/en~US~SKU12345?updateMask=productAttributes.title,customAttributes.myCustomAttrToBeInserted,customAttributes.myCustomAttrToBeUpdated,customAttributes.myCustomAttrToBeDeleted&dataSource=accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/dataSources/{DATASOURCE_ID}
{
"productAttributes": {
"title": "ProductTitle Updated"
},
"customAttributes": [
{
"name": "description",
"value": "A newly updated description."
},
{
"name": "myCustomAttrToBeUpdated",
"value": "myCustomAttrToBeUpdated updated value"
},
{
"name": "myCustomAttrToBeInserted",
"value": "new from update"
}
]
}
如果要求成功,系統會傳回更新後的 ProductInput
,反映所有指定的變更。
瞭解自訂屬性更新
您可以使用 customAttributes
欄位更新自行定義的屬性。這些屬性不會對應至標準規格,而是會儲存為最終產品的自訂屬性。
產品更新的處理方式
傳送 patch
要求時,系統會先將更新套用至特定 ProductInput
資料,再套用任何規則。這樣一來,插入和更新產品時的行為就會一致。
更新處理方式如下:
更新輸入:您的
patch
要求會修改與您提供的資料來源相關聯的特定ProductInput
。處理及合併:更新輸入內容後,系統會開始處理:
- 動態饋給規則和補充資料來源:在產品主要來源中設定的規則會合併主要和補充來源的
ProductInput
。這些規則可以變更屬性或衍生新屬性。如要進一步瞭解如何設定規則,請參閱 https://support.google.com/merchants/answer/14994083 一文。 - 其他資料來源:其他來源的資料 (例如自動改善功能) 也會與主要資料來源輸入內容合併。
- 驗證:系統會根據產品資料規格和 Google 購物政策驗證合併的資料。
- 動態饋給規則和補充資料來源:在產品主要來源中設定的規則會合併主要和補充來源的
最終產品:這個管道的結果是最終處理的
Product
資源,可使用products.get
或products.list
傳回。這也是 Merchant Center 中顯示的產品版本,且符合在不同目的地顯示的資格。
由於這個程序包含多個步驟,因此從您傳送更新要求到變更反映在最終 Product
資源中 (可透過 products.get
擷取),通常會延遲幾分鐘。
範例:使用單一主要輸入內容更新產品
這是最常見的用途。產品存在於單一主要資料來源,且您想更新部分屬性。
- 初始狀態:主要資料來源中存在產品
en~US~SKU12345
,且具有title: "Classic T-Shirt"
和price: 15.99 USD
。 - 更新要求:您傳送
patch
要求,將price
更新為14.99 USD
,並將availability
設為out of stock
。 - 處理方式:
SKU12345
的ProductInput
已更新。
- 最終產品:最終
Product
現在有title: "Classic T-Shirt"
、price: 14.99 USD
和availability: "out of stock"
。
範例:使用補充資料和規則更新產品
這個範例說明動態饋給規則如何影響更新,導致部分變更套用,其他變更則遭到覆寫。
- 初始狀態:
- 主要輸入內容:
en~US~SKU12345
、title: "Great T-Shirt"
和description: "A great short-sleeve t-shirt."
。 - 補充輸入內容:同一產品在補充資料來源中,有
title: "Awesome T-Shirt"
和description: "An awesome short-sleeve t-shirt."
的項目。 - 動態饋給規則:規則設定為從補充資料來源擷取
title
。「description
」沒有規則。 - 結果:最終處理的
Product
具有title: "Awesome T-Shirt"
和description: "A great short-sleeve t-shirt."
。
- 主要輸入內容:
- 更新要求:您傳送
patch
要求來更新主要資料來源,並將title
設為"Fantastic T-Shirt"
,以及將description
設為"A fantastic short-sleeve t-shirt."
。 - 處理方式:
- 主要資料來源中的
ProductInput
會更新為title: "Fantastic T-Shirt"
和description: "A fantastic short-sleeve t-shirt."
。 - 處理管道會執行。
- 就
title
而言,動態饋給規則會規定補充資料來源 (Awesome T-Shirt
) 的值優先於更新。 - 由於沒有覆寫規則,因此系統會使用主要輸入 (
A fantastic short-sleeve t-shirt.
) 的更新值。description
- 主要資料來源中的
- 最終產品:最終
Product
的標題仍為「Awesome T-Shirt
」(系統已覆寫你的更新),但說明現在是「A fantastic short-sleeve t-shirt.
」(系統已套用你的更新)。
選擇更新或補充資料來源
你可以使用 productinputs.patch
修改產品資料,也可以將資料插入補充資料來源。最適合的選項取決於您的資料管理策略。
為避免結果無法預測,建議不要同時使用 productinputs.patch
和補充資料來源,管理同一產品的相同產品資料。
以下是詳細比較:
功能 | productinputs.patch (更新) |
補充資料來源 |
---|---|---|
最適合用於 | 快速、頻繁地局部變更現有資料 (例如價格、供應情形)。 | 以邏輯方式分層處理資料、由不同系統管理不同屬性,或根據複雜規則覆寫。 |
運作機制 | 就地修改現有的 ProductInput 。 |
在補充資料來源中建立新的獨立 ProductInput 。 |
資料精細程度 | 對單一 ProductInput 的特定欄位執行作業。 |
對補充來源中的整個 ProductInput 執行作業。 |
持續性 | 變更會持續存在,直到完整 insert 或其他 patch 覆寫相同 ProductInput 為止。 |
動態饋給規則會控管持續性。如果規則優先處理,可以無限期覆寫主要資料。 |
規則互動 | 可不使用動態饋給規則,因為這項功能會更新現有資料來源和 ProductInput 。 |
必須在主要來源中明確設定規則,才能連結補充來源。 |
資料來源設定 | 對現有資料來源進行操作。不需要新的來源。 | 你必須建立及管理個別的補充資料來源,並使用動態饋給規則連結這些來源。 |