设置地图样式入门

可以利用样式化地图自定义 Google 基础地图的呈现方式，从而更改道路、公园和建成区等元素的视觉显示。

提示：可以利用样式设置来防止商家、景点以及其他特征出现在地图上。请参阅有关使用样式设置隐藏地图特征的示例。

示例

以下示例设置夜间模式下的地图样式，采用了适用于夜间情境（例如提供夜行路线）的颜色。

function initMap() {
  // Styles a map in night mode.
  var map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map'), {
    center: {lat: 40.674, lng: -73.945},
    zoom: 12,
    styles: [
      {elementType: 'geometry', stylers: [{color: '#242f3e'}]},
      {elementType: 'labels.text.stroke', stylers: [{color: '#242f3e'}]},
      {elementType: 'labels.text.fill', stylers: [{color: '#746855'}]},
      {
        featureType: 'administrative.locality',
        elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
        stylers: [{color: '#d59563'}]
      },
      {
        featureType: 'poi',
        elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
        stylers: [{color: '#d59563'}]
      },
      {
        featureType: 'poi.park',
        elementType: 'geometry',
        stylers: [{color: '#263c3f'}]
      },
      {
        featureType: 'poi.park',
        elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
        stylers: [{color: '#6b9a76'}]
      },
      {
        featureType: 'road',
        elementType: 'geometry',
        stylers: [{color: '#38414e'}]
      },
      {
        featureType: 'road',
        elementType: 'geometry.stroke',
        stylers: [{color: '#212a37'}]
      },
      {
        featureType: 'road',
        elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
        stylers: [{color: '#9ca5b3'}]
      },
      {
        featureType: 'road.highway',
        elementType: 'geometry',
        stylers: [{color: '#746855'}]
      },
      {
        featureType: 'road.highway',
        elementType: 'geometry.stroke',
        stylers: [{color: '#1f2835'}]
      },
      {
        featureType: 'road.highway',
        elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
        stylers: [{color: '#f3d19c'}]
      },
      {
        featureType: 'transit',
        elementType: 'geometry',
        stylers: [{color: '#2f3948'}]
      },
      {
        featureType: 'transit.station',
        elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
        stylers: [{color: '#d59563'}]
      },
      {
        featureType: 'water',
        elementType: 'geometry',
        stylers: [{color: '#17263c'}]
      },
      {
        featureType: 'water',
        elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
        stylers: [{color: '#515c6d'}]
      },
      {
        featureType: 'water',
        elementType: 'labels.text.stroke',
        stylers: [{color: '#17263c'}]
      }
    ]
  });
}

<div id="map"></div>

/* Always set the map height explicitly to define the size of the div
 * element that contains the map. */
#map {
  height: 100%;
}
/* Optional: Makes the sample page fill the window. */
html, body {
  height: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

 <!-- Replace the value of the key parameter with your own API key. -->
<script async defer
src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=AIzaSyCkUOdZ5y7hMm0yrcCQoCvLwzdM6M8s5qk&callback=initMap">
</script>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Styled Maps - Night Mode</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <style>
      /* Always set the map height explicitly to define the size of the div
       * element that contains the map. */
      #map {
        height: 100%;
      }
      /* Optional: Makes the sample page fill the window. */
      html, body {
        height: 100%;
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="map"></div>
    <script>
      function initMap() {
        // Styles a map in night mode.
        var map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map'), {
          center: {lat: 40.674, lng: -73.945},
          zoom: 12,
          styles: [
            {elementType: 'geometry', stylers: [{color: '#242f3e'}]},
            {elementType: 'labels.text.stroke', stylers: [{color: '#242f3e'}]},
            {elementType: 'labels.text.fill', stylers: [{color: '#746855'}]},
            {
              featureType: 'administrative.locality',
              elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
              stylers: [{color: '#d59563'}]
            },
            {
              featureType: 'poi',
              elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
              stylers: [{color: '#d59563'}]
            },
            {
              featureType: 'poi.park',
              elementType: 'geometry',
              stylers: [{color: '#263c3f'}]
            },
            {
              featureType: 'poi.park',
              elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
              stylers: [{color: '#6b9a76'}]
            },
            {
              featureType: 'road',
              elementType: 'geometry',
              stylers: [{color: '#38414e'}]
            },
            {
              featureType: 'road',
              elementType: 'geometry.stroke',
              stylers: [{color: '#212a37'}]
            },
            {
              featureType: 'road',
              elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
              stylers: [{color: '#9ca5b3'}]
            },
            {
              featureType: 'road.highway',
              elementType: 'geometry',
              stylers: [{color: '#746855'}]
            },
            {
              featureType: 'road.highway',
              elementType: 'geometry.stroke',
              stylers: [{color: '#1f2835'}]
            },
            {
              featureType: 'road.highway',
              elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
              stylers: [{color: '#f3d19c'}]
            },
            {
              featureType: 'transit',
              elementType: 'geometry',
              stylers: [{color: '#2f3948'}]
            },
            {
              featureType: 'transit.station',
              elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
              stylers: [{color: '#d59563'}]
            },
            {
              featureType: 'water',
              elementType: 'geometry',
              stylers: [{color: '#17263c'}]
            },
            {
              featureType: 'water',
              elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
              stylers: [{color: '#515c6d'}]
            },
            {
              featureType: 'water',
              elementType: 'labels.text.stroke',
              stylers: [{color: '#17263c'}]
            }
          ]
        });
      }
    </script>
    <script src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=YOUR_API_KEY&callback=initMap"
    async defer></script>
  </body>
</html>

如需查看 featureType、elementType 和 stylers 所有可用值的列表，请参阅 JSON 样式参考资料。

对标准地图类型应用样式或自行创建地图类型

对地图应用样式的方法有两种：

设置地图 MapOptions 对象的 .styles 属性。此方法更改标准地图类型的样式。地形视图和卫星视图下的基础图像不受影响，但道路、标签以及其他地图组件遵循样式设置规则。请参阅如何更改默认地图样式。
创建一个 StyledMapType 并将其应用于地图。这会新建一个地图类型，该类型可从地图类型控件中选择。请参阅如何创建带样式的地图类型。

两种方法都接受 MapTypeStyle 对象，每个数组都由“选择器”和“样式设置器”组成。请参阅下文有关样式语法的部分。

对于 Google Maps APIs Premium Plan 客户，默认地图样式关闭了 poi.business 类别地图特征的标签。可以通过应用自定义样式重新打开这些标签。

样式语法

带样式的地图利用两种概念对地图应用颜色和其他样式更改：

选择器：指定可以在地图上设置样式的地理区域组件。其中包括道路、公园、水体等项目以及它们的标签。选择器包括“特征”和“元素”，以 featureType 和 elementType 属性形式指定。
样式设置器：可应用于地图元素的颜色和可见性属性。它们通过色调、颜色和亮度/伽马值的组合定义显示的颜色。

要设置地图样式，请将选择器和样式设置器合并成样式数组，然后将其传递给默认地图的 MapOptions 对象或 StyledMapType 构造函数。该数组采用以下形式：

var stylesArray = [
  {
    featureType: '',
    elementType: '',
    stylers: [
      {color: ''},
      {visibility: ''},
      // Add any stylers you need.
    ]
  },
  {
    featureType: '',
    // Add the stylers you need.
  }
]

如需查看 featureType、elementType 和 stylers 所有可用值的列表，请参阅 JSON 样式参考资料。

更改默认地图样式

要修改默认地图类型的样式，请在构造时或通过调用 Map.setOptions 在地图的 MapOptions 中设置样式数组。对标签和道路的更改影响所有地图类型（terrain、satellite 和 hybrid 以及默认的 roadmap 类型）。

请参阅此页面顶部的示例。

如需查看 featureType、elementType 和 stylers 所有可用值的列表，请参阅 JSON 样式参考资料。

创建带样式的地图类型

可以通过创建 StyledMapType 并向构造函数传递选择器和样式设置器信息，新增作为样式应用对象的地图类型。此方法不会影响默认地图类型的样式。

在下例中，请注意地图左上角的 Styled Map 控件。这是在示例代码中新建的地图类型。

function initMap() {

  // Create a new StyledMapType object, passing it an array of styles,
  // and the name to be displayed on the map type control.
  var styledMapType = new google.maps.StyledMapType(
      [
        {elementType: 'geometry', stylers: [{color: '#ebe3cd'}]},
        {elementType: 'labels.text.fill', stylers: [{color: '#523735'}]},
        {elementType: 'labels.text.stroke', stylers: [{color: '#f5f1e6'}]},
        {
          featureType: 'administrative',
          elementType: 'geometry.stroke',
          stylers: [{color: '#c9b2a6'}]
        },
        {
          featureType: 'administrative.land_parcel',
          elementType: 'geometry.stroke',
          stylers: [{color: '#dcd2be'}]
        },
        {
          featureType: 'administrative.land_parcel',
          elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
          stylers: [{color: '#ae9e90'}]
        },
        {
          featureType: 'landscape.natural',
          elementType: 'geometry',
          stylers: [{color: '#dfd2ae'}]
        },
        {
          featureType: 'poi',
          elementType: 'geometry',
          stylers: [{color: '#dfd2ae'}]
        },
        {
          featureType: 'poi',
          elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
          stylers: [{color: '#93817c'}]
        },
        {
          featureType: 'poi.park',
          elementType: 'geometry.fill',
          stylers: [{color: '#a5b076'}]
        },
        {
          featureType: 'poi.park',
          elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
          stylers: [{color: '#447530'}]
        },
        {
          featureType: 'road',
          elementType: 'geometry',
          stylers: [{color: '#f5f1e6'}]
        },
        {
          featureType: 'road.arterial',
          elementType: 'geometry',
          stylers: [{color: '#fdfcf8'}]
        },
        {
          featureType: 'road.highway',
          elementType: 'geometry',
          stylers: [{color: '#f8c967'}]
        },
        {
          featureType: 'road.highway',
          elementType: 'geometry.stroke',
          stylers: [{color: '#e9bc62'}]
        },
        {
          featureType: 'road.highway.controlled_access',
          elementType: 'geometry',
          stylers: [{color: '#e98d58'}]
        },
        {
          featureType: 'road.highway.controlled_access',
          elementType: 'geometry.stroke',
          stylers: [{color: '#db8555'}]
        },
        {
          featureType: 'road.local',
          elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
          stylers: [{color: '#806b63'}]
        },
        {
          featureType: 'transit.line',
          elementType: 'geometry',
          stylers: [{color: '#dfd2ae'}]
        },
        {
          featureType: 'transit.line',
          elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
          stylers: [{color: '#8f7d77'}]
        },
        {
          featureType: 'transit.line',
          elementType: 'labels.text.stroke',
          stylers: [{color: '#ebe3cd'}]
        },
        {
          featureType: 'transit.station',
          elementType: 'geometry',
          stylers: [{color: '#dfd2ae'}]
        },
        {
          featureType: 'water',
          elementType: 'geometry.fill',
          stylers: [{color: '#b9d3c2'}]
        },
        {
          featureType: 'water',
          elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
          stylers: [{color: '#92998d'}]
        }
      ],
      {name: 'Styled Map'});

  // Create a map object, and include the MapTypeId to add
  // to the map type control.
  var map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map'), {
    center: {lat: 55.647, lng: 37.581},
    zoom: 11,
    mapTypeControlOptions: {
      mapTypeIds: ['roadmap', 'satellite', 'hybrid', 'terrain',
              'styled_map']
    }
  });

  //Associate the styled map with the MapTypeId and set it to display.
  map.mapTypes.set('styled_map', styledMapType);
  map.setMapTypeId('styled_map');
}

<div id="map"></div>

/* Always set the map height explicitly to define the size of the div
 * element that contains the map. */
#map {
  height: 100%;
}
/* Optional: Makes the sample page fill the window. */
html, body {
  height: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

 <!-- Replace the value of the key parameter with your own API key. -->
<script async defer
src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=AIzaSyCkUOdZ5y7hMm0yrcCQoCvLwzdM6M8s5qk&callback=initMap">
</script>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Styled Map Types</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <style>
      /* Always set the map height explicitly to define the size of the div
       * element that contains the map. */
      #map {
        height: 100%;
      }
      /* Optional: Makes the sample page fill the window. */
      html, body {
        height: 100%;
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="map"></div>
    <script>
      function initMap() {

        // Create a new StyledMapType object, passing it an array of styles,
        // and the name to be displayed on the map type control.
        var styledMapType = new google.maps.StyledMapType(
            [
              {elementType: 'geometry', stylers: [{color: '#ebe3cd'}]},
              {elementType: 'labels.text.fill', stylers: [{color: '#523735'}]},
              {elementType: 'labels.text.stroke', stylers: [{color: '#f5f1e6'}]},
              {
                featureType: 'administrative',
                elementType: 'geometry.stroke',
                stylers: [{color: '#c9b2a6'}]
              },
              {
                featureType: 'administrative.land_parcel',
                elementType: 'geometry.stroke',
                stylers: [{color: '#dcd2be'}]
              },
              {
                featureType: 'administrative.land_parcel',
                elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
                stylers: [{color: '#ae9e90'}]
              },
              {
                featureType: 'landscape.natural',
                elementType: 'geometry',
                stylers: [{color: '#dfd2ae'}]
              },
              {
                featureType: 'poi',
                elementType: 'geometry',
                stylers: [{color: '#dfd2ae'}]
              },
              {
                featureType: 'poi',
                elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
                stylers: [{color: '#93817c'}]
              },
              {
                featureType: 'poi.park',
                elementType: 'geometry.fill',
                stylers: [{color: '#a5b076'}]
              },
              {
                featureType: 'poi.park',
                elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
                stylers: [{color: '#447530'}]
              },
              {
                featureType: 'road',
                elementType: 'geometry',
                stylers: [{color: '#f5f1e6'}]
              },
              {
                featureType: 'road.arterial',
                elementType: 'geometry',
                stylers: [{color: '#fdfcf8'}]
              },
              {
                featureType: 'road.highway',
                elementType: 'geometry',
                stylers: [{color: '#f8c967'}]
              },
              {
                featureType: 'road.highway',
                elementType: 'geometry.stroke',
                stylers: [{color: '#e9bc62'}]
              },
              {
                featureType: 'road.highway.controlled_access',
                elementType: 'geometry',
                stylers: [{color: '#e98d58'}]
              },
              {
                featureType: 'road.highway.controlled_access',
                elementType: 'geometry.stroke',
                stylers: [{color: '#db8555'}]
              },
              {
                featureType: 'road.local',
                elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
                stylers: [{color: '#806b63'}]
              },
              {
                featureType: 'transit.line',
                elementType: 'geometry',
                stylers: [{color: '#dfd2ae'}]
              },
              {
                featureType: 'transit.line',
                elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
                stylers: [{color: '#8f7d77'}]
              },
              {
                featureType: 'transit.line',
                elementType: 'labels.text.stroke',
                stylers: [{color: '#ebe3cd'}]
              },
              {
                featureType: 'transit.station',
                elementType: 'geometry',
                stylers: [{color: '#dfd2ae'}]
              },
              {
                featureType: 'water',
                elementType: 'geometry.fill',
                stylers: [{color: '#b9d3c2'}]
              },
              {
                featureType: 'water',
                elementType: 'labels.text.fill',
                stylers: [{color: '#92998d'}]
              }
            ],
            {name: 'Styled Map'});

        // Create a map object, and include the MapTypeId to add
        // to the map type control.
        var map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map'), {
          center: {lat: 55.647, lng: 37.581},
          zoom: 11,
          mapTypeControlOptions: {
            mapTypeIds: ['roadmap', 'satellite', 'hybrid', 'terrain',
                    'styled_map']
          }
        });

        //Associate the styled map with the MapTypeId and set it to display.
        map.mapTypes.set('styled_map', styledMapType);
        map.setMapTypeId('styled_map');
      }
    </script>
    <script async defer
    src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=YOUR_API_KEY&callback=initMap">
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

如需查看 featureType、elementType 和 stylers 所有可用值的列表，请参阅 JSON 样式参考资料。