La vista del mapa responde a un modelo en el cual una cámara apunta hacia abajo sobre un plano. La posición de la cámara (y, por lo tanto, la renderización del mapa) se especifica a través de las siguientes propiedades: latitude, longitude, altitude, heading, tilt, range y fov.
El objetivo de la cámara es la ubicación del centro del mapa, especificada como coordenadas de latitud y longitud. Puedes especificar la posición de la cámara de dos maneras:
- Por punto objetivo: Usa la propiedad
centerpara especificar una coordenada en el mapa hacia la que debe apuntar la cámara. Esta opción es mejor cuando quieres asegurarte de que un punto de referencia o un área estén en primer plano. - Por coordenadas de la cámara: Usa la propiedad
cameraPositionpara colocar la cámara en coordenadas específicas de latitud, longitud y altitud. Esto es ideal para definir un punto de vista preciso.
Lógicamente, center y cameraPosition están vinculados. Cuando configuras uno, el otro se calcula automáticamente según la orientación y la distancia de la cámara.
Las propiedades como tilt, heading y roll controlan cómo se apunta la cámara, independientemente del método de posicionamiento que uses.
En el siguiente ejemplo, puedes alternar entre center (cámara que mira el centro del mapa) y cameraPosition (cámara ubicada en el centro del mapa).
Consulta el ejemplo de código fuente completo
TypeScript
async function init(): Promise<void> { // Import the needed libraries. await google.maps.importLibrary('maps3d'); const map3DElement = document.querySelector('gmp-map-3d')!; const btn = document.getElementById('switch-mode-btn') as HTMLButtonElement; const initialCenter = { lat: 40.7860524, lng: -73.9634983, altitude: 0 }; let isCenterMode = true; btn.addEventListener('click', () => { if (isCenterMode) { // Switch to Camera Position Mode. // Place the camera at the marker's location, but 50m up in the air map3DElement.cameraPosition = { ...initialCenter, altitude: 50 }; map3DElement.tilt = 80; btn.textContent = 'Switch to Center Mode'; isCenterMode = false; } else { // Revert back to Center Mode (looking AT the marker) map3DElement.center = initialCenter; map3DElement.tilt = 70; map3DElement.range = 1500; // Restore the original range value. btn.textContent = 'Switch to Camera Position'; isCenterMode = true; } }); } void init();
JavaScript
async function init() { // Import the needed libraries. await google.maps.importLibrary('maps3d'); const map3DElement = document.querySelector('gmp-map-3d'); const btn = document.getElementById('switch-mode-btn'); const initialCenter = { lat: 40.7860524, lng: -73.9634983, altitude: 0 }; let isCenterMode = true; btn.addEventListener('click', () => { if (isCenterMode) { // Switch to Camera Position Mode. // Place the camera at the marker's location, but 50m up in the air map3DElement.cameraPosition = { ...initialCenter, altitude: 50 }; map3DElement.tilt = 80; btn.textContent = 'Switch to Center Mode'; isCenterMode = false; } else { // Revert back to Center Mode (looking AT the marker) map3DElement.center = initialCenter; map3DElement.tilt = 70; map3DElement.range = 1500; // Restore the original range value. btn.textContent = 'Switch to Camera Position'; isCenterMode = true; } }); } void init();
CSS
html, body { height: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; } #ui-container { position: absolute; top: 20px; left: 20px; z-index: 10; } button { background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.75); backdrop-filter: blur(12px); -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px); border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1); color: #f8fafc; padding: 12px 20px; border-radius: 8px; cursor: pointer; font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 600; transition: all 0.2s ease; box-shadow: 0 8px 32px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.37); } button:hover { background: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.2); border-color: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.4); transform: translateY(-1px); } button:active { transform: translateY(0); }
HTML
<html>
<head>
<title>3D Camera Position</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style.css" />
<script type="module" src="./index.js"></script>
<script>
// prettier-ignore
(g=>{var h,a,k,p="The Google Maps JavaScript API",c="google",l="importLibrary",q="__ib__",m=document,b=window;b=b[c]||(b[c]={});var d=b.maps||(b.maps={}),r=new Set,e=new URLSearchParams,u=()=>h||(h=new Promise(async(f,n)=>{await (a=m.createElement("script"));e.set("libraries",[...r]+"");for(k in g)e.set(k.replace(/[A-Z]/g,t=>"_"+t[0].toLowerCase()),g[k]);e.set("callback",c+".maps."+q);a.src=`https://maps.${c}apis.com/maps/api/js?`+e;d[q]=f;a.onerror=()=>h=n(Error(p+" could not load."));a.nonce=m.querySelector("script[nonce]")?.nonce||"";m.head.append(a)}));d[l]?console.warn(p+" only loads once. Ignoring:",g):d[l]=(f,...n)=>r.add(f)&&u().then(()=>d[l](f,...n))})({
key: "AIzaSyA6myHzS10YXdcazAFalmXvDkrYCp5cLc8"
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<gmp-map-3d
center="40.7860524,-73.9634983"
range="1500"
tilt="70"
heading="-150"
mode="satellite">
<gmp-marker
position="40.7860524,-73.9634983"
altitude-mode="clamp-to-ground"></gmp-marker>
</gmp-map-3d>
<div id="ui-container">
<button id="switch-mode-btn" type="button">
Switch to Camera Position
</button>
</div>
</body>
</html>Prueba la muestra
Campo visual y alcance
En un entorno 3D, el concepto de "zoom" se controla con dos parámetros distintos: range y fov (campo visual). Si bien ambos afectan la forma en que los objetos grandes aparecen en el mapa, lo hacen con diferentes mecanismos:
range: Es la distancia física entre la cámara y su punto central. Ajustar el rango es como acercar o alejar una cámara de un sujeto.fov: Es el ángulo vertical del lente de la cámara, medido en grados. Ajustar el campo visual equivale a cambiar el lente de una cámara. Un valor más alto (hasta 80 grados) funciona como un lente gran angular, ya que muestra más de la periferia, mientras que un valor más bajo (hasta 5 grados) funciona como un lente teleobjetivo y estrecha el enfoque.
En el siguiente ejemplo, puedes experimentar para ver cómo funcionan juntas las distintas opciones de posicionamiento del mapa y la cámara. Establece parámetros con los controles deslizantes de la IU o interactúa directamente con el mapa y los controles del mapa. Los parámetros resultantes se agregan a un elemento gmp-map-3d que puedes copiar y volver a usar.
Consulta el ejemplo de código fuente completo
TypeScript
async function initMap(): Promise<void> { // Declare the needed libraries. await google.maps.importLibrary('maps3d'); const map3DElement = document.querySelector('gmp-map-3d')!; // Elements from HTML const headingSlider = document.getElementById( 'heading' ) as HTMLInputElement; const tiltSlider = document.getElementById('tilt') as HTMLInputElement; const rangeSlider = document.getElementById('range') as HTMLInputElement; const latSlider = document.getElementById('lat') as HTMLInputElement; const lngSlider = document.getElementById('lng') as HTMLInputElement; const fovSlider = document.getElementById('fov') as HTMLInputElement; const rollSlider = document.getElementById('roll') as HTMLInputElement; const headingVal = document.getElementById('heading-val') as HTMLElement; const tiltVal = document.getElementById('tilt-val') as HTMLElement; const rangeVal = document.getElementById('range-val') as HTMLElement; const altitudeVal = document.getElementById('altitude-val') as HTMLElement; const fovVal = document.getElementById('fov-val') as HTMLElement; const rollVal = document.getElementById('roll-val') as HTMLElement; const codeElem = document.getElementById('generated-code') as HTMLElement; const copyBtn = document.getElementById('copy-btn') as HTMLButtonElement; let currentAltitude = 30; let isUserInteracting = false; // Update values on UI when the map changes. const updateUI = () => { const heading = map3DElement.heading?.toFixed(0) ?? '0'; const tilt = map3DElement.tilt?.toFixed(0) ?? '0'; const range = map3DElement.range?.toFixed(0) ?? '0'; const rawFov = parseFloat(map3DElement.fov?.toFixed(0) ?? '45'); const fovClamped = Math.min(80, Math.max(5, rawFov)); const fov = fovClamped.toString(); const roll = map3DElement.roll?.toFixed(0) ?? '0'; const center = map3DElement.center; const mode = map3DElement.mode; headingVal.textContent = heading; tiltVal.textContent = tilt; rangeVal.textContent = range; fovVal.textContent = fov; rollVal.textContent = roll; if (!isUserInteracting) { fovSlider.value = fov; headingSlider.value = heading; tiltSlider.value = tilt; rangeSlider.value = Math.min(10000, parseFloat(range)).toString(); rollSlider.value = roll; } if (center) { const lat = center.lat.toFixed(4); const lng = center.lng.toFixed(4); const alt = currentAltitude.toFixed(0); latSlider.value = lat; lngSlider.value = lng; altitudeVal.textContent = alt; codeElem.textContent = `<gmp-map-3d center="${lat},${lng},${alt}" mode="${mode}" tilt="${tilt}" range="${range}" heading="${heading}" fov="${fov}" roll="${roll}"></gmp-map-3d>`; } }; // Copy generated HTML to clipboard. copyBtn.addEventListener('click', () => { void navigator.clipboard.writeText(codeElem.textContent || ''); copyBtn.textContent = 'Copied!'; setTimeout(() => { copyBtn.textContent = 'Copy HTML'; }, 2000); }); // Listen to slider changes using event delegation. const panel = document.querySelector('.panel') as HTMLElement; panel.addEventListener('input', (e) => { const target = e.target as HTMLInputElement; if (target.tagName !== 'INPUT') return; isUserInteracting = true; const prop = target.name; const val = parseFloat(target.value); if (prop === 'lat') { const currentCenter = map3DElement.center; if (currentCenter) { map3DElement.center = { lat: val, lng: currentCenter.lng, altitude: currentCenter.altitude, }; } } else if (prop === 'lng') { const currentCenter = map3DElement.center; if (currentCenter) { map3DElement.center = { lat: currentCenter.lat, lng: val, altitude: currentCenter.altitude, }; } } else if (prop === 'altitude') { currentAltitude = val; const currentCenter = map3DElement.center; if (currentCenter) { map3DElement.center = { lat: currentCenter.lat, lng: currentCenter.lng, altitude: val, }; } } else { map3DElement[prop] = val; } updateUI(); }); panel.addEventListener('change', (e) => { const target = e.target as HTMLInputElement; if (target.tagName === 'INPUT') { isUserInteracting = false; } }); // Update UI on camera change events. map3DElement.addEventListener('gmp-headingchange', updateUI); map3DElement.addEventListener('gmp-tiltchange', updateUI); map3DElement.addEventListener('gmp-rangechange', updateUI); map3DElement.addEventListener('gmp-fovchange', updateUI); // Initial UI sync setTimeout(updateUI, 500); } void initMap();
JavaScript
async function initMap() { // Declare the needed libraries. await google.maps.importLibrary('maps3d'); const map3DElement = document.querySelector('gmp-map-3d'); // Elements from HTML const headingSlider = document.getElementById('heading'); const tiltSlider = document.getElementById('tilt'); const rangeSlider = document.getElementById('range'); const latSlider = document.getElementById('lat'); const lngSlider = document.getElementById('lng'); const fovSlider = document.getElementById('fov'); const rollSlider = document.getElementById('roll'); const headingVal = document.getElementById('heading-val'); const tiltVal = document.getElementById('tilt-val'); const rangeVal = document.getElementById('range-val'); const altitudeVal = document.getElementById('altitude-val'); const fovVal = document.getElementById('fov-val'); const rollVal = document.getElementById('roll-val'); const codeElem = document.getElementById('generated-code'); const copyBtn = document.getElementById('copy-btn'); let currentAltitude = 30; let isUserInteracting = false; // Update values on UI when the map changes. const updateUI = () => { const heading = map3DElement.heading?.toFixed(0) ?? '0'; const tilt = map3DElement.tilt?.toFixed(0) ?? '0'; const range = map3DElement.range?.toFixed(0) ?? '0'; const rawFov = parseFloat(map3DElement.fov?.toFixed(0) ?? '45'); const fovClamped = Math.min(80, Math.max(5, rawFov)); const fov = fovClamped.toString(); const roll = map3DElement.roll?.toFixed(0) ?? '0'; const center = map3DElement.center; const mode = map3DElement.mode; headingVal.textContent = heading; tiltVal.textContent = tilt; rangeVal.textContent = range; fovVal.textContent = fov; rollVal.textContent = roll; if (!isUserInteracting) { fovSlider.value = fov; headingSlider.value = heading; tiltSlider.value = tilt; rangeSlider.value = Math.min(10000, parseFloat(range)).toString(); rollSlider.value = roll; } if (center) { const lat = center.lat.toFixed(4); const lng = center.lng.toFixed(4); const alt = currentAltitude.toFixed(0); latSlider.value = lat; lngSlider.value = lng; altitudeVal.textContent = alt; codeElem.textContent = `<gmp-map-3d center="${lat},${lng},${alt}" mode="${mode}" tilt="${tilt}" range="${range}" heading="${heading}" fov="${fov}" roll="${roll}"></gmp-map-3d>`; } }; // Copy generated HTML to clipboard. copyBtn.addEventListener('click', () => { void navigator.clipboard.writeText(codeElem.textContent || ''); copyBtn.textContent = 'Copied!'; setTimeout(() => { copyBtn.textContent = 'Copy HTML'; }, 2000); }); // Listen to slider changes using event delegation. const panel = document.querySelector('.panel'); panel.addEventListener('input', (e) => { const target = e.target; if (target.tagName !== 'INPUT') return; isUserInteracting = true; const prop = target.name; const val = parseFloat(target.value); if (prop === 'lat') { const currentCenter = map3DElement.center; if (currentCenter) { map3DElement.center = { lat: val, lng: currentCenter.lng, altitude: currentCenter.altitude, }; } } else if (prop === 'lng') { const currentCenter = map3DElement.center; if (currentCenter) { map3DElement.center = { lat: currentCenter.lat, lng: val, altitude: currentCenter.altitude, }; } } else if (prop === 'altitude') { currentAltitude = val; const currentCenter = map3DElement.center; if (currentCenter) { map3DElement.center = { lat: currentCenter.lat, lng: currentCenter.lng, altitude: val, }; } } else { map3DElement[prop] = val; } updateUI(); }); panel.addEventListener('change', (e) => { const target = e.target; if (target.tagName === 'INPUT') { isUserInteracting = false; } }); // Update UI on camera change events. map3DElement.addEventListener('gmp-headingchange', updateUI); map3DElement.addEventListener('gmp-tiltchange', updateUI); map3DElement.addEventListener('gmp-rangechange', updateUI); map3DElement.addEventListener('gmp-fovchange', updateUI); // Initial UI sync setTimeout(updateUI, 500); } void initMap();
CSS
html, body { height: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0; font-family: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; background-color: #0f172a; color: #e2e8f0; } gmp-map-3d { height: 100%; width: 100%; } /* Glassmorphism UI Overlay */ #ui-container { position: absolute; top: 20px; left: 20px; width: 320px; z-index: 10; } .panel { background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.75); backdrop-filter: blur(12px); -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px); border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1); border-radius: 16px; padding: 24px; margin-top: 10px; box-shadow: 0 8px 32px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.37); } h1 { font-size: 1.25rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0 0 4px 0; background: linear-gradient(to right, #38bdf8, #818cf8); -webkit-background-clip: text; -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent; } .sub-title { font-size: 0.85rem; color: #94a3b8; margin: 0 0 20px 0; } h2 { font-size: 0.95rem; font-weight: 600; margin: 16px 0 8px 0; color: #f8fafc; } .control-group { margin-bottom: 16px; } label { display: block; font-size: 0.85rem; margin-bottom: 6px; color: #cbd5e1; } span { font-weight: 600; color: #38bdf8; } .row { display: flex; gap: 12px; } .col { flex: 1; } input[type='number'] { font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace; background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.5); border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1); color: #f8fafc; padding: 4px 8px; border-radius: 6px; outline: none; } input[type='range'] { width: 100%; height: 4px; background: #334155; border-radius: 2px; outline: none; -webkit-appearance: none; } input[type='range']::-webkit-slider-thumb { -webkit-appearance: none; width: 16px; height: 16px; border-radius: 50%; background: #38bdf8; cursor: pointer; box-shadow: 0 0 8px rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.5); transition: all 0.2s ease; } input[type='range']::-webkit-slider-thumb:hover { transform: scale(1.2); background: #60a5fa; } .buttons { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; } button { background: rgba(51, 65, 85, 0.5); border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05); color: #f8fafc; padding: 10px 16px; border-radius: 8px; cursor: pointer; font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 500; transition: all 0.2s ease; text-align: left; } button:hover { background: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.2); border-color: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.4); transform: translateY(-1px); } button:active { transform: translateY(0); } .status-group p { font-size: 0.8rem; color: #94a3b8; margin: 4px 0; background: rgba(30, 41, 59, 0.5); padding: 6px 10px; border-radius: 6px; font-family: monospace; } .code-box { position: relative; background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.9); border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05); margin-top: 8px; } pre { margin: 0; padding: 12px; overflow-x: auto; } code { font-family: 'Fira Code', monospace; font-size: 0.75rem; color: #38bdf8; } #copy-btn { display: block; width: 100%; margin-top: 8px; padding: 8px; font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 600; background: #334155; color: #f8fafc; border: none; border-radius: 6px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; transition: all 0.2s ease; } #copy-btn:hover { background: #38bdf8; color: #0f172a; }
HTML
<html>
<head>
<title>Google Maps 3D - Camera Position Controller</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style.css" />
<script type="module" src="./index.js"></script>
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
<script>(g => { var h, a, k, p = "The Google Maps JavaScript API", c = "google", l = "importLibrary", q = "__ib__", m = document, b = window; b = b[c] || (b[c] = {}); var d = b.maps || (b.maps = {}), r = new Set, e = new URLSearchParams, u = () => h || (h = new Promise(async (f, n) => { await (a = m.createElement("script")); e.set("libraries", [...r] + ""); for (k in g) e.set(k.replace(/[A-Z]/g, t => "_" + t[0].toLowerCase()), g[k]); e.set("callback", c + ".maps." + q); a.src = `https://maps.${c}apis.com/maps/api/js?` + e; d[q] = f; a.onerror = () => h = n(Error(p + " could not load.")); a.nonce = m.querySelector("script[nonce]")?.nonce || ""; m.head.append(a) })); d[l] ? console.warn(p + " only loads once. Ignoring:", g) : d[l] = (f, ...n) => r.add(f) && u().then(() => d[l](f, ...n)) })
({ key: "AIzaSyA6myHzS10YXdcazAFalmXvDkrYCp5cLc8"});</script>
</head>
<body>
<gmp-map-3d
center="40.7811,-73.9599,0"
mode="HYBRID"
tilt="76"
range="3270"
heading="-154"></gmp-map-3d>
<div id="ui-container">
<div class="panel">
<div class="control-group">
<label for="heading"
>Heading: <span id="heading-val">0</span>°</label
>
<input
type="range"
id="heading"
name="heading"
min="-180"
max="180"
value="0"
step="1" />
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<label for="tilt"
>Tilt: <span id="tilt-val">45</span>°</label
>
<input
type="range"
id="tilt"
name="tilt"
min="0"
max="90"
value="45"
step="1" />
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<label for="range"
>Range: <span id="range-val">1000</span>m</label
>
<input
type="range"
id="range"
name="range"
min="100"
max="10000"
value="1000"
step="100" />
</div>
<div class="control-group row">
<div class="col">
<label for="lat">Latitude</label>
<input
type="number"
id="lat"
name="lat"
min="-90"
max="90"
value="40.7040"
step="0.0001" />
</div>
<div class="col">
<label for="lng">Longitude</label>
<input
type="number"
id="lng"
name="lng"
min="-180"
max="180"
value="-74.0180"
step="0.0001" />
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<label for="altitude"
>Altitude: <span id="altitude-val">30</span>m</label
>
<input
type="range"
id="altitude"
name="altitude"
min="0"
max="5000"
value="30"
step="10" />
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<label for="fov"
>FOV: <span id="fov-val">35</span>°</label
>
<input
type="range"
id="fov"
name="fov"
min="5"
max="80"
value="35"
step="1" />
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<label for="roll"
>Roll: <span id="roll-val">0</span>°</label
>
<input
type="range"
id="roll"
name="roll"
min="-180"
max="180"
value="0"
step="1" />
</div>
<div class="status-group">
<div class="code-box">
<pre><code id="generated-code"></code></pre>
</div>
<button id="copy-btn">Copy HTML</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>