Descripción general
En este instructivo, aprenderás a cambiar el ícono de un marcador avanzado de Google Maps para usar una imagen gráfica personalizada. Cuando uses este instructivo, te resultará útil conocer los conceptos básicos para crear marcadores.
En el siguiente ejemplo de mapa, se muestra cómo usar marcadores personalizados para indicar varios tipos de ubicaciones.
En la siguiente sección, se enumera todo el código que necesitas para crear el mapa en este instructivo.
TypeScript
let map: google.maps.Map;
async function initMap() {
// Request needed libraries.
const { Map } = await google.maps.importLibrary("maps") as google.maps.MapsLibrary;
const { AdvancedMarkerElement, PinElement } = await google.maps.importLibrary("marker") as google.maps.MarkerLibrary;
map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById("map") as HTMLElement, {
center: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91722, 151.23064),
zoom: 16,
mapId: "DEMO_MAP_ID",
});
const iconBase =
"https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/javascript/examples/full/images/";
const icons: Record<string, { icon: string }> = {
parking: {
icon: iconBase + "parking_lot_maps.png",
},
library: {
icon: iconBase + "library_maps.png",
},
info: {
icon: iconBase + "info-i_maps.png",
},
};
const features = [
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91721, 151.2263),
type: "info",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91539, 151.2282),
type: "info",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91747, 151.22912),
type: "info",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.9191, 151.22907),
type: "info",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91725, 151.23011),
type: "info",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91872, 151.23089),
type: "info",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91784, 151.23094),
type: "info",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91682, 151.23149),
type: "info",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.9179, 151.23463),
type: "info",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91666, 151.23468),
type: "info",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.916988, 151.23364),
type: "info",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91662347903106, 151.22879464019775),
type: "parking",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.916365282092855, 151.22937399734496),
type: "parking",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91665018901448, 151.2282474695587),
type: "parking",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.919543720969806, 151.23112279762267),
type: "parking",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91608037421864, 151.23288232673644),
type: "parking",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91851096391805, 151.2344058214569),
type: "parking",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91818154739766, 151.2346203981781),
type: "parking",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91727341958453, 151.23348314155578),
type: "library",
},
];
for (let i = 0; i < features.length; i++) {
const iconImage = document.createElement("img");
iconImage.src = icons[features[i].type].icon;
const marker = new google.maps.marker.AdvancedMarkerElement({
map,
position: features[i].position,
content: iconImage,
})
}
}
initMap();
JavaScript
let map;
async function initMap() {
// Request needed libraries.
const { Map } = await google.maps.importLibrary("maps");
const { AdvancedMarkerElement, PinElement } = await google.maps.importLibrary(
"marker",
);
map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById("map"), {
center: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91722, 151.23064),
zoom: 16,
mapId: "DEMO_MAP_ID",
});
const iconBase =
"https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/javascript/examples/full/images/";
const icons = {
parking: {
icon: iconBase + "parking_lot_maps.png",
},
library: {
icon: iconBase + "library_maps.png",
},
info: {
icon: iconBase + "info-i_maps.png",
},
};
const features = [
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91721, 151.2263),
type: "info",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91539, 151.2282),
type: "info",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91747, 151.22912),
type: "info",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.9191, 151.22907),
type: "info",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91725, 151.23011),
type: "info",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91872, 151.23089),
type: "info",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91784, 151.23094),
type: "info",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91682, 151.23149),
type: "info",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.9179, 151.23463),
type: "info",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91666, 151.23468),
type: "info",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.916988, 151.23364),
type: "info",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91662347903106, 151.22879464019775),
type: "parking",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.916365282092855, 151.22937399734496),
type: "parking",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91665018901448, 151.2282474695587),
type: "parking",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.919543720969806, 151.23112279762267),
type: "parking",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91608037421864, 151.23288232673644),
type: "parking",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91851096391805, 151.2344058214569),
type: "parking",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91818154739766, 151.2346203981781),
type: "parking",
},
{
position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91727341958453, 151.23348314155578),
type: "library",
},
];
for (let i = 0; i < features.length; i++) {
const iconImage = document.createElement("img");
iconImage.src = icons[features[i].type].icon;
const marker = new google.maps.marker.AdvancedMarkerElement({
map,
position: features[i].position,
content: iconImage,
});
}
}
initMap();
CSS
/*
* Always set the map height explicitly to define the size of the div element
* that contains the map.
*/
#map {
height: 100%;
}
/*
* Optional: Makes the sample page fill the window.
*/
html,
body {
height: 100%;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
HTML
<html>
<head>
<title>Custom Markers</title>
<script src="https://polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=default"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style.css" />
<script type="module" src="./index.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="map"></div>
<!-- prettier-ignore -->
<script>(g=>{var h,a,k,p="The Google Maps JavaScript API",c="google",l="importLibrary",q="__ib__",m=document,b=window;b=b[c]||(b[c]={});var d=b.maps||(b.maps={}),r=new Set,e=new URLSearchParams,u=()=>h||(h=new Promise(async(f,n)=>{await (a=m.createElement("script"));e.set("libraries",[...r]+"");for(k in g)e.set(k.replace(/[A-Z]/g,t=>"_"+t[0].toLowerCase()),g[k]);e.set("callback",c+".maps."+q);a.src=`https://maps.${c}apis.com/maps/api/js?`+e;d[q]=f;a.onerror=()=>h=n(Error(p+" could not load."));a.nonce=m.querySelector("script[nonce]")?.nonce||"";m.head.append(a)}));d[l]?console.warn(p+" only loads once. Ignoring:",g):d[l]=(f,...n)=>r.add(f)&&u().then(()=>d[l](f,...n))})
({key: "AIzaSyB41DRUbKWJHPxaFjMAwdrzWzbVKartNGg", v: "weekly"});</script>
</body>
</html>
Prueba la muestra
Cómo personalizar un marcador de mapa
Puedes cambiar el ícono de marcador rojo predeterminado (
) por la imagen personalizada que prefieras. En el siguiente ejemplo, se muestra cómo reemplazar el ícono predeterminado por un archivo PNG personalizado.
// A marker with a with a URL pointing to a PNG.
const beachFlagImg = document.createElement("img");
beachFlagImg.src =
"https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/javascript/examples/full/images/beachflag.png";
const beachFlagMarkerView = new AdvancedMarkerElement({
map,
position: { lat: 37.434, lng: -122.082 },
content: beachFlagImg,
title: "A marker using a custom PNG Image",
});
Consulta otras formas de crear marcadores con gráficos.
Cómo personalizar marcadores según los componentes del mapa
Cada lugar de interés de la lista de elementos del campus tiene un atributo type. Observa cómo el siguiente fragmento de código especifica los tipos parking, library y info. Puedes personalizar el ícono del marcador según el typede elemento del mapa que establezcas.
const iconBase =
"https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/javascript/examples/full/images/";
const icons: Record<string, { icon: string }> = {
parking: {
icon: iconBase + "parking_lot_maps.png",
},
library: {
icon: iconBase + "library_maps.png",
},
info: {
icon: iconBase + "info-i_maps.png",
},
};
function addMarker(feature) {
const iconImage = document.createElement("img");
iconImage.src = icons[feature.type].icon;
const marker = new google.maps.marker.AdvancedMarkerElement({
map,
position: feature.position,
content: iconImage,
})
}
addMarker(features[0]);