Dữ liệu có cấu trúc Hướng dẫn (HowTo)

Bạn có thể sử dụng dữ liệu có cấu trúc HowTo để thông báo rõ ràng cho Google rằng nội dung của bạn là hướng dẫn. Một bản hướng dẫn sẽ chỉ cho người dùng cách thực hiện một nhóm các bước để hoàn thành một nhiệm vụ, và có thể bao gồm video, hình ảnh và văn bản. Ví dụ: "Cách thắt cà vạt" hoặc "Cách ốp gạch tường bếp". Nếu hướng dẫn của bạn gồm nhiều bước và mỗi bước phải đọc theo trình tự, thì khả năng cao là dữ liệu có cấu trúc HowTo có thể giúp ích cho nội dung của bạn. Dữ liệu có cấu trúc HowTo chỉ phù hợp khi nội dung chính trên trang là nội dung hướng dẫn.

Những trang hướng dẫn được đánh dấu đúng cách có thể đủ điều kiện hiển thị dưới dạng kết quả nhiều định dạng trên Tìm kiếm và dưới dạng Hành động trên Trợ lý Google. Nhờ đó, trang web của bạn có thể tiếp cận đúng đối tượng người dùng.

Cách thêm dữ liệu có cấu trúc

Dữ liệu có cấu trúc là một định dạng chuẩn để cung cấp thông tin về một trang và phân loại nội dung trên trang. Nếu mới làm quen với dữ liệu có cấu trúc, bạn có thể tìm hiểu thêm về cách thức hoạt động của dữ liệu có cấu trúc.

Sau đây là thông tin tổng quan về cách xây dựng, kiểm tra và phát hành dữ liệu có cấu trúc. Để xem hướng dẫn từng bước về cách thêm dữ liệu có cấu trúc vào một trang web, hãy tham khảo lớp học lập trình về dữ liệu có cấu trúc.

  1. Thêm các thuộc tính bắt buộc. Tùy theo định dạng bạn đang sử dụng, hãy tìm hiểu nơi chèn dữ liệu có cấu trúc trên trang.
  2. Tuân theo các nguyên tắc.
  3. Xác thực mã của bạn bằng công cụ Kiểm tra kết quả nhiều định dạng rồi sửa mọi lỗi nghiêm trọng. Bạn cũng nên cân nhắc việc khắc phục mọi vấn đề không nghiêm trọng có thể bị gắn cờ trong công cụ này, vì những vấn đề này có thể giúp cải thiện chất lượng của dữ liệu có cấu trúc của bạn (tuy nhiên, bạn không nhất thiết thực hiện việc này để nội dung đủ điều kiện xuất hiện dưới dạng kết quả nhiều định dạng).
  4. Triển khai một vài trang có chứa dữ liệu có cấu trúc và sử dụng Công cụ kiểm tra URL để kiểm tra xem Google nhìn thấy trang đó như thế nào. Hãy đảm bảo rằng Google có thể truy cập trang của bạn và bạn không chặn trang bằng tệp robots.txt, thẻ noindex hoặc yêu cầu đăng nhập. Nếu có vẻ như trang không gặp vấn đề nào, bạn có thể yêu cầu Google thu thập lại dữ liệu các URL của mình.
  5. Để thông báo cho Google về các thay đổi sau này, bạn nên gửi một sơ đồ trang web. Bạn có thể tự động hoá quy trình này bằng Search Console Sitemap API.

Phạm vi cung cấp tính năng

Hiện tại, Google cung cấp kết quả nhiều định dạng về nội dung hướng dẫn bằng mọi ngôn ngữ và ở mọi quốc gia có Google Tìm kiếm. Người dùng có thể sử dụng tính năng này trên thiết bị di động và máy tính.

Ví dụ

Dưới đây là một số ví dụ về cách nội dung của bạn có thể xuất hiện trong kết quả nhiều định dạng về nội dung Hướng dẫn. Kết quả nhiều hình ảnh hơn có thể được hiển thị nếu nội dung hướng dẫn của bạn chứa hình ảnh của toàn bộ hướng dẫn và một hình ảnh cho mỗi bước. Hãy nhớ thêm càng nhiều thuộc tính bắt buộc và nên có càng tốt để hướng dẫn của bạn được giới thiệu theo cách hiệu quả nhất trong Google Tìm kiếm.

Kết quả nhiều định dạng về nội dung Hướng dẫn (loại thông thường)

Kết quả nhiều định dạng về nội dung Hướng dẫn (loại thông thường) trong Google Tìm kiếm
JSON-LD

Dưới đây là ví dụ về trang hướng dẫn dựa trên văn bản bằng JSON-LD. Ví dụ chỉ có một hình ảnh thể hiện trạng thái cuối cùng của hướng dẫn. Trong kết quả này, người dùng có thể xem trước nội dung cho một số bước.


<html>
  <head>
    <title>How to tile a kitchen backsplash</title>
    <script type="application/ld+json">
    {
      "@context": "https://schema.org",
      "@type": "HowTo",
      "name": "How to tile a kitchen backsplash",
      "image": {
        "@type": "ImageObject",
        "url": "https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg",
        "height": "406",
        "width": "305"
      },
      "estimatedCost": {
        "@type": "MonetaryAmount",
        "currency": "USD",
        "value": "100"
      },
      "supply": [
        {
          "@type": "HowToSupply",
          "name": "tiles"
        }, {
          "@type": "HowToSupply",
          "name": "thin-set mortar"
        }, {
          "@type": "HowToSupply",
          "name": "tile grout"
        }, {
          "@type": "HowToSupply",
          "name": "grout sealer"
        }
      ],
      "tool": [
        {
          "@type": "HowToTool",
          "name": "notched trowel"
        }, {
          "@type": "HowToTool",
          "name": "bucket"
        },{
          "@type": "HowToTool",
          "name": "large sponge"
        }
      ],
      "step": [
        {
          "@type": "HowToStep",
          "url": "https://example.com/kitchen#step1",
          "name": "Prepare the surfaces",
          "itemListElement": [{
            "@type": "HowToDirection",
            "text": "Turn off the power to the kitchen and then remove everything that is on the wall, such as outlet covers, switchplates, and any other item in the area that is to be tiled."
          }, {
            "@type": "HowToDirection",
            "text": "Then clean the surface thoroughly to remove any grease or other debris and tape off the area."
          }],
          "image": {
            "@type": "ImageObject",
            "url": "https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo-step1.jpg",
            "height": "406",
            "width": "305"
          }
        }, {
          "@type": "HowToStep",
          "name": "Plan your layout",
          "url": "https://example.com/kitchen#step2",
          "itemListElement": [{
            "@type": "HowToTip",
            "text": "The creases created up until this point will be guiding lines for creating the four walls of your planter box."
          }, {
            "@type": "HowToDirection",
            "text": "Lift one side at a 90-degree angle, and fold it in place so that the point on the paper matches the other two points already in the center."
          }, {
            "@type": "HowToDirection",
            "text": "Repeat on the other side."
          }],
          "image": {
            "@type": "ImageObject",
            "url": "https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo-step2.jpg",
            "height": "406",
            "width": "305"
          }
        }, {
          "@type": "HowToStep",
          "name": "Prepare your and apply mortar (or choose adhesive tile)",
          "url": "https://example.com/kitchen#step3",
          "itemListElement": [{
            "@type": "HowToDirection",
            "text": "Follow the instructions on your thin-set mortar to determine the right amount of water to fill in your bucket. Once done, add the powder gradually and make sure it is thoroughly mixed."
          }, {
            "@type": "HowToDirection",
            "text": "Once mixed, let it stand for a few minutes before mixing it again. This time do not add more water. Double check your thin-set mortar instructions to make sure the consistency is right."
          }, {
            "@type": "HowToDirection",
            "text": "Spread the mortar on a small section of the wall with a trowel."
          }, {
            "@type": "HowToTip",
            "text": "Thinset and other adhesives set quickly so make sure to work in a small area."
          }, {
            "@type": "HowToDirection",
            "text": "Once it's applied, comb over it with a notched trowel."
          }],
          "image": {
            "@type": "ImageObject",
            "url": "https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo-step3.jpg",
            "height": "406",
            "width": "305"
          }
        }, {
          "@type": "HowToStep",
          "name": "Add your tile to the wall",
          "url": "https://example.com/kitchen#step4",
          "itemListElement": [{
            "@type": "HowToDirection",
            "text": "Place the tile sheets along the wall, making sure to add spacers so the tiles remain lined up."
          }, {
            "@type": "HowToDirection",
            "text": "Press the first piece of tile into the wall with a little twist, leaving a small (usually one-eight inch) gap at the countertop to account for expansion. use a rubber float to press the tile and ensure it sets in the adhesive."
          }, {
            "@type": "HowToDirection",
            "text": "Repeat the mortar and tiling until your wall is completely tiled, Working in small sections."
          }],
          "image": {
            "@type": "ImageObject",
            "url": "https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo-step4.jpg",
            "height": "406",
            "width": "305"
          }
        }, {
          "@type": "HowToStep",
          "name": "Apply the grout",
          "url": "https://example.com/kitchen#step5",
          "itemListElement": [{
            "@type": "HowToDirection",
            "text": "Allow the thin-set mortar to set. This usually takes about 12 hours. Don't mix the grout before the mortar is set, because you don't want the grout to dry out!"
          }, {
            "@type": "HowToDirection",
            "text": "To apply, cover the area thoroughly with grout and make sure you fill all the joints by spreading it across the tiles vertically, horizontally, and diagonally. Then fill any remaining voids with grout."
          }, {
            "@type": "HowToDirection",
            "text": "Then, with a moist sponge, sponge away the excess grout and then wipe clean with a towel. For easier maintenance in the future, think about applying a grout sealer."
          }],
          "image": {
            "@type": "ImageObject",
            "url": "https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo-step5.jpg",
            "height": "406",
            "width": "305"
          }
        }
      ],
      "totalTime": "P2D"
    }
    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
  </body>
</html>
Microdata (vi dữ liệu)

Dưới đây là ví dụ về trang hướng dẫn dựa trên văn bản bằng Microdata. Ví dụ chỉ có một hình ảnh thể hiện trạng thái cuối cùng của hướng dẫn. Trong kết quả này, người dùng có thể xem trước nội dung cho một số bước.


<html>
<head>
<title>How to tile a kitchen backsplash</title>
</head>
<body>
<div itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowTo">
  <b><span itemprop="name">How to tile a kitchen backsplash</span></b>
  <div>About <span itemprop="estimatedCost" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/MonetaryAmount">
    <meta itemprop="currency" content="USD"/>
    <meta itemprop="value" content="100"/>
    $100
  </span>
  </div>
  <div>About <span itemprop="totalTime" content="P2D">2 days</span></div>
  <div>Necessary Items:</div>
  <div itemprop="supply" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToSupply">
    <a itemprop="url" href="https://example.com/supplies?id=1">
      <span itemprop="name">tiles</span>
    </a>
    <img alt="Blue kitchen tiles with scalloped edges" itemprop="image" src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg"/>
  </div>
  <div itemprop="supply" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToSupply">
    <a itemprop="url" href="https://example.com/supplies?id=2">
      <span itemprop="name">thin-set mortar</span>
    </a>
    <img alt="Thin-set mortar" itemprop="image"
         src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg"/>
  </div>
  <div itemprop="supply" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToSupply">
    <a itemprop="url" href="https://example.com/supplies?id=3">
      <span itemprop="name">tile grout</span>
    </a>
    <img alt="White tile grout" itemprop="image"
         src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg"/>
  </div>
  <div itemprop="supply" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToSupply">
    <a itemprop="url" href="https://example.com/supplies?id=4">
      <span itemprop="name">grout sealer</span>
    </a>
    <img alt="Grout sealer" itemprop="image"
         src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg"/>
  </div>
  <div itemprop="tool" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToTool">
    <a itemprop="url" href="https://example.com/supplies?id=5">
      <span itemprop="name">notched trowel</span>
    </a>
    <img alt="Notched trowel with a red handle" itemprop="image"
         src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg"/>
  </div>
  <div itemprop="tool" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToTool">
    <a itemprop="url" href="https://example.com/tools?id=6">
      <span itemprop="name">bucket</span>
    </a>
    <img alt="Medium-sized blue bucket" itemprop="image" src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg"/>
  </div>
  <div itemprop="tool" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToTool">
    <a itemprop="url" href="https://example.com/tools?id=7">
      <span itemprop="name">large sponge</span>
    </a>
    <img alt="Large yellow sponge" itemprop="image"
         src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg"/>
  </div>
  <div itemprop="step" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToStep">
    <link itemprop="url" href="https://example.com/example#step1" />
    <div itemprop="name">Preparation</div>
    <img itemprop="image" alt="image showing preparation"
         src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo-step1.jpg"/>
    <div itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToDirection">
      <div itemprop="text">Turn off the power to the kitchen and then remove
        everything that is on the wall, such as outlet covers, switchplates, and any other item in
        the area that is to be tiled. Then clean the surface thoroughly to remove any grease or
        other debris and tape off the area.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div itemprop="step" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToStep">
    <link itemprop="url" href="https://example.com/example#step2" />
    <div itemprop="name">Plan your Layout</div>
    <img itemprop="image" alt="image showing layout planning"
           src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo-step2.jpg"/>
    <div itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToDirection">
      <div itemprop="text">Lay out your tile horizontally below the wall where you're going to
        place it. This makes it easy to ensure that your pattern will fit in the space provided.
        Also it helps you double check that you have enough tile and know exactly where each piece
        will go.
      </div>
    </div>
    <div itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToDirection">
      <div itemprop="text">Spread the mortar on a small section of the wall with a trowel. Thinset
        and other adhesives set quickly so make sure to work in a small area. Once it's applied,
        comb over it with a notched trowel.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div itemprop="step" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToStep">
    <link itemprop="url" href="https://example.com/example#step3" />
    <div itemprop="name">Add your tile to the wall</div>
    <img itemprop="image" alt="image grout application"
         src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo-step3.jpg"/>
    <div itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToDirection">
      <div itemprop="text">Place the tile sheets along the wall, making sure to add spacers so the
        tiles remain lined up. Press the first piece of tile into the wall with a little twist,
        leaving a small (usually one-eight inch) gap at the countertop to account for expansion.
        use a rubber float to press the tile and ensure it sets in the adhesive. Repeat the mortar
        and tiling until your wall is completely tiled, working in small sections.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div itemprop="step" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToStep">
    <link itemprop="url" href="https://example.com/example#step4" />
    <div itemprop="name">Apply the grout</div>
    <img itemprop="image" alt="image grout application"
         src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo-step4.jpg"/>
    <div itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToDirection">
      <div itemprop="text">Allow the thin-set mortar to set. This usually takes about 12 hours.
        Don't mix the grout before the mortar is set, because you don't want the grout to dry out!
        To apply, cover the area thoroughly with grout and make sure you fill all the joints by
        spreading it across the tiles vertically, horizontally, and diagonally. Then fill any
        remaining voids with grout.
      </div>
    </div>
    <div itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToDirection">
      <div itemprop="text">Then, with a moist sponge, sponge away the excess grout and then wipe
        clean with a towel. For easier maintenance in the future, think about applying a grout
        sealer.
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Kết quả nhiều định dạng về nội dung Hướng dẫn (kèm hình ảnh cho mỗi bước)

Hình ảnh kết quả nhiều định dạng về nội dung hướng dẫn có ảnh kèm theo
JSON-LD

Dưới đây là ví dụ về trang hướng dẫn có hình ảnh cho mỗi bước bằng JSON-LD. Khi có một hình ảnh cho mỗi bước, người dùng có thể xem trước nội dung với một băng chuyền gồm nhiều hình ảnh.


<html>
  <head>
    <title>How to tie a tie</title>
    <script type="application/ld+json">
    {
      "@context": "https://schema.org",
      "@type": "HowTo",
      "image": {
        "@type": "ImageObject",
        "url": "https://example.com/1x1/photo.jpg"
      },
      "name": "How to tie a tie",
      "totalTime": "PT2M",
      "video": {
        "@type": "VideoObject",
        "name": "Tie a Tie",
        "description": "How to tie a four-in-hand knot.",
        "thumbnailUrl": "https://example.com/photos/photo.jpg",
        "contentUrl": "https://www.example.com/videos/123_600x400.mp4",
        "embedUrl": "https://www.example.com/videoplayer?id=123",
        "uploadDate": "2019-01-05T08:00:00+08:00",
        "duration": "P1MT10S"
      },
      "supply": [
        {
          "@type": "HowToSupply",
          "name": "A tie"
        }, {
          "@type": "HowToSupply",
          "name": "A collared shirt"
        }
      ],
      "tool": [
        {
          "@type": "HowToTool",
          "name": "A mirror"
        }
      ],
      "step":[
        {
          "@type": "HowToStep",
          "name": "Preparations",
          "text": "Button your shirt how you'd like to wear it, then drape the tie around your neck. Make the thick end about 1/3rd longer than the short end. For formal button down shirts, it usually works best with the small end of the tie between 4th and 5th button.",
          "image": "https://example.com/1x1/step1.jpg",
          "url": "https://example.com/tie#step1"
        }, {
          "@type": "HowToStep",
          "name": "Crossing once",
          "text": "Cross the long end over the short end. This will form the basis for your knot.",
          "image": "https://example.com/1x1/step2.jpg",
          "url": "https://example.com/tie#step2"
        }, {
          "@type": "HowToStep",
          "name": "Second crossing",
          "text": "Bring the long end back under the short end, then throw it back over the top of the short end in the other direction.",
          "image": "https://example.com/1x1/step3.jpg",
          "url": "https://example.com/tie#step3"
        }, {
          "@type": "HowToStep",
          "name": "Loop in",
          "text": "Now pull the long end through the loop near your neck, forming another loop near your neck.",
          "image": "https://example.com/1x1/step4.jpg",
          "url": "https://example.com/tie#step4"
        }, {
          "@type": "HowToStep",
          "name": "Pull and tighten",
          "text": "Pull the long end through that new loop and tighten to fit!",
          "image": "https://example.com/1x1/step5.jpg",
          "url": "https://example.com/tie#step5"
        }
      ]
    }
    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
  </body>
</html>
Microdata (vi dữ liệu)

Dưới đây là ví dụ về trang hướng dẫn có hình ảnh cho mỗi bước bằng Microdata. Khi có một hình ảnh cho mỗi bước, người dùng có thể xem trước nội dung trên một băng chuyền gồm nhiều hình ảnh.


<html>
<head>
<title>How to tie a tie</title>
</head>
<body>
<div itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowTo">
  <b><span itemprop="name">How to tie a tie</span></b>
  <div>About <span itemprop="totalTime" content="PT2M">2 minutes</span></div>
  <div itemprop="video" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/VideoObject">
    <meta itemprop="name" content="Tie a Tie" />
    <meta itemprop="description" content="How to tie a four-in-hand knot." />
    <link itemprop="thumbnailUrl" content="https://example.com/photos/photo.jpg" />
    <link itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://www.example.com/videos/123_600x400.mp4" />
    <link itemprop="embedUrl" content="https://www.example.com/videoplayer?id=123" />
    <meta itemprop="duration" content="P1MT10S" />
    <meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2019-01-05T08:00:00+08:00" />
    <video>...</video>
  </div>
  <div>Necessary Items:</div>
  <div itemprop="supply" itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToSupply">A tie</div>
  <div itemprop="supply" itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToSupply">A collared Shirt</div>
  <div itemprop="tool" itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToTool">A mirror</div>
  <div>
    <div itemprop="step" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToStep">
      <div itemprop="name">Preparations</div>
      <div itemprop="text">Button your shirt how you'd like to wear it, then drape the tie around your neck. Make the thick end about 1/3rd longer than the short end. For formal button down shirts, it usually works best with the small end of the tie between 4th and 5th button.</div>
      <div itemprop="image">https://example.com/1x1/photo1.jpg</div>
      <meta itemprop="url" content="https://example.com/tie#step1" />
    </div>

    <div itemprop="step" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToStep">
      <div itemprop="name">Crossing once</div>
      <div itemprop="text">Cross the long end over the short end. This will form the basis for your knot.</div>
      <div itemprop="image">https://example.com/1x1/photo2.jpg</div>
      <meta itemprop="url" content="https://example.com/tie#step2" />
    </div>

    <div itemprop="step" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToStep">
      <div itemprop="name">Second crossing</div>
      <div itemprop="text">Bring the long end back under the short end, then throw it back over the top of the short end in the other direction.</div>
      <div itemprop="image">https://example.com/1x1/photo3.jpg</div>
      <meta itemprop="url" content="https://example.com/tie#step3" />
    </div>

    <div itemprop="step" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToStep">
      <div itemprop="name">Loop in</div>
      <div itemprop="text">Now pull the long end through the loop near your neck, forming another loop near your neck.</div>
      <div itemprop="image">https://example.com/1x1/photo4.jpg</div>
      <meta itemprop="url" content="https://example.com/tie#step4" />
    </div>

    <div itemprop="step" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToStep">
      <div itemprop="name">Pull and tighten</div>
      <div itemprop="text">Pull the long end through that new loop and tighten to fit!</div>
      <div itemprop="image">https://example.com/1x1/photo5.jpg</div>
      <meta itemprop="url" content="https://example.com/tie#step5" />
    </div>
  </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Kết quả nhiều định dạng về nội dung Hướng dẫn (kèm video)

JSON-LD

Sau đây là ví dụ về một trang hướng dẫn có chứa cả văn bản, hình ảnh và đoạn video bằng JSON-LD. Trong ví dụ này có 1 video nội dung hướng dẫn, trong đó các bước trong cùng video được đánh dấu bằng Clip structured data..


<html>
  <head>
    <title>How to create a Trivia action</title>
    <script type="application/ld+json">
    {
      "@context": "https://schema.org",
      "@type": "HowTo",
      "image": {
        "@type": "ImageObject",
        "url": "https://example.com/1x1/photo.jpg"
      },
      "name": "How to create a Trivia action",
      "totalTime": "PT2M",
      "video": {
        "@type": "VideoObject",
        "name": "Build a Trivia Game for the Google Assistant with No Code",
        "description": "Learn how to create a Trivia action for Assistant within minutes.",
        "thumbnailUrl": "https://example.com/photos/photo.jpg",
        "contentUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI",
        "embedUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/embed/4AOI1tZrgMI",
        "uploadDate": "2019-01-05T08:00:00+08:00",
        "duration": "P1MT10S",
        "hasPart": [
          {
            "@type": "Clip",
            "@id": "Clip1",
            "name": "Open Actions on Google Console",
            "startOffset": 29,
            "endOffset": 36,
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI&amp;t=29"
          },
          {
            "@type": "Clip",
            "@id": "Clip2",
            "name": "Select Trivia Template",
            "startOffset": 36,
            "endOffset": 45,
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI&amp;t=36"
          },
          {
            "@type": "Clip",
            "@id": "Clip3",
            "name": "Choose a Personality",
            "startOffset": 45,
            "endOffset": 65,
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI&amp;t=45"
          },
          {
            "@type": "Clip",
            "@id": "Clip4",
            "name": "Feed your content",
            "startOffset": 65,
            "endOffset": 154,
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI&amp;t=65"
          },
          {
            "@type": "Clip",
            "@id": "Clip5",
            "name": "Create the action",
            "startOffset": 154,
            "endOffset": 172,
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI&amp;t=154"
          },
          {
            "@type": "Clip",
            "@id": "Clip6",
            "name": "Test your action",
            "startOffset": 172,
            "endOffset": 212,
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI&amp;t=172"
          },
          {
            "@type": "Clip",
            "@id": "Clip7",
            "name": "Submit your action",
            "startOffset": 212,
            "endOffset": 285,
            "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI&amp;t=212"
          }
        ]
      },
      "step": [
        {
          "@type": "HowToStep",
          "name": "Open Actions on Google Console",
          "text": "Navigate to https://console.actions.google.com to get started.",
          "image": "https://example.com/1x1/step1.jpg",
          "url": "https://example.com/tie#step1",
          "video": {
            "@id": "Clip1"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "HowToStep",
          "name": "Select Trivia Template",
          "text": "Create a new project and select Templates | You have a choice to select between Trivia, Flashcard or Personality Quiz.",
          "image": "https://example.com/1x1/step2.jpg",
          "url": "https://example.com/tie#step2",
          "video": {
            "@id": "Clip2"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "HowToStep",
          "name": "Choose a Personality",
          "text": "Select one of the three personalities- Mr, Montgomery, Regal Queen, or the Trivia Bot.",
          "image": "https://example.com/1x1/step3.jpg",
          "url": "https://example.com/tie#step3",
          "video": {
            "@id": "Clip3"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "HowToStep",
          "name": "Feed your content",
          "itemListElement": [
            {
              "@type": "HowToDirection",
              "text": "Make a copy of our pre-filled sheet and replace with your content."
            },
            {
              "@type": "HowToDirection",
              "text": "Ensure you make the sheet publicly accessible. Copy the URL of the sheet and paste it into the Console."
            }
          ],
          "image": "https://example.com/1x1/step4.jpg",
          "url": "https://example.com/tie#step4",
          "video": {
            "@id": "Clip4"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "HowToStep",
          "name": "Create the action",
          "text": "Create the action. Once content is successfully uploaded, it will take couple of minutes to create the action.",
          "image": "https://example.com/1x1/step5.jpg",
          "url": "https://example.com/tie#step5",
          "video": {
            "@id": "Clip5"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "HowToStep",
          "name": "Test your action",
          "text": "Navigate to the Simulator to test your action and simulate various surfaces, locations and locales.",
          "image": "https://example.com/1x1/step6.jpg",
          "url": "https://example.com/tie#step6",
          "video": {
            "@id": "Clip6"
          }
        },
        {
          "@type": "HowToStep",
          "name": "Submit your action",
          "text": "Once you complete directory information and invocation names, submit your action for all Assistant users to see and use your action.",
          "image": "https://example.com/1x1/step7.jpg",
          "url": "https://example.com/tie#step7",
          "video": {
            "@id": "Clip7"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
  </body>
</html>
Microdata

Here's an example of a how-to page that contains a mix of text, images, and video clips using Microdata. The example contains 1 video of the how-to, with steps in that same video marked up with Clip structured data.


<html>
<head>
<title>How to create a Trivia action</title>
</head>
<body>
<div itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowTo">
  <b><span itemprop="name">How to create a Trivia action</span></b>
  <div>About <span itemprop="totalTime" content="PT2M">2 minutes</span></div>
  <div itemprop="video" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/VideoObject">
    <meta itemprop="name" content="Tie a Tie" />
    <meta itemprop="description" content="How to tie a four-in-hand knot." />
    <link itemprop="thumbnailUrl" content="https://example.com/photos/photo.jpg" />
    <link itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://www.example.com/videos/123_600x400.mp4" />
    <link itemprop="embedUrl" content="https://www.example.com/videoplayer?id=123" />
    <meta itemprop="duration" content="P1MT10S" />
    <meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2019-01-05T08:00:00+08:00" />
    <div>
      <div itemprop="hasPart" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Clip" itemid="Clip1">
        <div itemprop="name">Open Actions on Google Console</div>
        <div itemprop="startOffset">29</div>
        <div itemprop="endOffset">36</div>
        <div itemprop="url">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI&amp;t=29</div>
      </div>
      <div itemprop="hasPart" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Clip" itemid="Clip2">
        <div itemprop="name">Select Trivia Template</div>
        <div itemprop="startOffset">36</div>
        <div itemprop="endOffset">45</div>
        <div itemprop="url">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI&amp;t=36</div>
      </div>
      <div itemprop="hasPart" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Clip" itemid="Clip3">
        <div itemprop="name">Choose a Personality</div>
        <div itemprop="startOffset">45</div>
        <div itemprop="endOffset">65</div>
        <div itemprop="url">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI&amp;t=45</div>
      </div>
      <div itemprop="hasPart" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Clip" itemid="Clip4">
        <div itemprop="name">Feed your content</div>
        <div itemprop="startOffset">65</div>
        <div itemprop="endOffset">154</div>
        <div itemprop="url">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI&amp;t=65</div>
      </div>
      <div itemprop="hasPart" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Clip" itemid="Clip5">
        <div itemprop="name">Create the action</div>
        <div itemprop="startOffset">154</div>
        <div itemprop="endOffset">172</div>
        <div itemprop="url">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI&amp;t=154</div>
      </div>
      <div itemprop="hasPart" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Clip" itemid="Clip6">
        <div itemprop="name">Test your action</div>
        <div itemprop="startOffset">172</div>
        <div itemprop="endOffset">212</div>
        <div itemprop="url">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI&amp;t=172</div>
      </div>
      <div itemprop="hasPart" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Clip" itemid="Clip7">
        <div itemprop="name">Submit your action</div>
        <div itemprop="startOffset">212</div>
        <div itemprop="endOffset">285</div>
        <div itemprop="url">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI&amp;t=212</div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <video>...</video>
  </div>
  <div itemprop="step" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToStep">
    <div itemprop="name">Open Actions on Google Console</div>
    <div itemprop="text">Navigate to https://console.actions.google.com to get started.</div>
    <div itemprop="image">https://example.com/1x1/photo1.jpg</div>
    <meta itemprop="url" content="https://example.com/tie#step1" />
    <link itemprop="video" href="Clip1" />
  </div>
  <div itemprop="step" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToStep">
    <div itemprop="name">Select Trivia Template</div>
    <div itemprop="text">Create a new project and select Templates | You have a choice to select between Trivia, Flashcard or Personality Quiz.</div>
    <div itemprop="image">https://example.com/1x1/photo2.jpg</div>
    <meta itemprop="url" content="https://example.com/tie#step2" />
    <link itemprop="video" href="Clip2" />
  </div>
  <div itemprop="step" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToStep">
    <div itemprop="name">Choose a Personality</div>
    <div itemprop="text">Select one of the three personalities- Mr, Montgomery, Regal Queen, or the Trivia Bot.</div>
    <div itemprop="image">https://example.com/1x1/photo3.jpg</div>
    <meta itemprop="url" content="https://example.com/tie#step3" />
    <link itemprop="video" href="Clip3" />
  </div>
  <div itemprop="step" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToStep">
    <div itemprop="name">Feed your content</div>
    <div itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToDirection">
      <div itemprop="text">Make a copy of our pre-filled sheet and replace with your content.</div>
    </div>
    <div itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToDirection">
      <div itemprop="text">Ensure you make the sheet publicly accessible. Copy the URL of the sheet and paste it into the Console.</div>
    </div>
    <div itemprop="image">https://example.com/1x1/photo4.jpg</div>
    <meta itemprop="url" content="https://example.com/tie#step4" />
    <link itemprop="video" href="Clip4" />
  </div>
  <div itemprop="step" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToStep">
    <div itemprop="name">Create the action</div>
    <div itemprop="text">Create the action. Once content is successfully uploaded, it will take couple of minutes to create the action.</div>
    <div itemprop="image">https://example.com/1x1/photo5.jpg</div>
    <meta itemprop="url" content="https://example.com/tie#step5" />
    <link itemprop="video" href="Clip5" />
  </div>
  <div itemprop="step" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToStep">
    <div itemprop="name">Test your action</div>
    <div itemprop="text">PNavigate to the Simulator to test your action and simulate various surfaces, locations and locales.</div>
    <div itemprop="image">https://example.com/1x1/photo6.jpg</div>
    <meta itemprop="url" content="https://example.com/tie#step6" />
    <link itemprop="video" href="Clip6" />
  </div>
  <div itemprop="step" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/HowToStep">
    <div itemprop="name">Submit your action</div>
    <div itemprop="text">Once you complete directory information and invocation names, submit your action for all Assistant users to see and use your action.</div>
    <div itemprop="image">https://example.com/1x1/photo7.jpg</div>
    <meta itemprop="url" content="https://example.com/tie#step7" />
    <link itemprop="video" href="Clip7" />
  </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Guidelines

For your page to be eligible for How-to rich results and a How-to Action for the Google Assistant, you must follow these guidelines:

Content guidelines

  • Advertising: Don't use HowTo structured data for advertising purposes.
  • Ineligible Content: How-to rich results may not be displayed if the content is obscene, profane, sexually explicit, or graphically violent; or if it promotes dangerous or illegal activities or has hateful or harassing language.
  • Source: All HowTo content must be visible to the user on the source page. Make sure that the how-to is the main focus of the source page. Don't include more than one HowTo for a certain page.
  • Materials and Tools: Add structured data to all materials and tools necessary to complete the task.
  • Steps: Each HowToStep must include the entire contents of the source step. Don't mark up non-step data such as a summary or introduction section as a step.
  • Step images: If the steps are best represented visually, ensure the images in these steps are marked up for each HowToStep. Only mark up the instructional step images that are specific for each step and don't use the same image in multiple steps for the same how-to. Use the same images that correspond to the content on your page. Don't use images that don't reflect the how-to content, or use different images to optimize the rich-result.
  • Final image: If the end result can be accurately described by an image, ensure this image is present on the page, and your HowTo markup includes it using the image property. This image may be the same as the one marked up for the last step.
  • Content: Don't use HowTo markup for recipes; instead, use Recipe structured data. Articles and general advice content that is not a specific set of instructions are not appropriate for HowTo markup.

Structured data type definitions

You must include the required properties for your content to be eligible for display as a rich result. You can also include the recommended properties to add more information to your structured data, which could provide a better user experience.

HowTo

The full definition of HowTo is available at schema.org/HowTo.

The HowTo type indicates that the page contains a how-to. There must be one HowTo type definition per page.

Required properties
name

Text

The title of the how-to. For example, "How to tie a tie".
step HowToStep or HowToSection

An array of HowToStep elements which comprise the full instructions of the how-to. Each step element must correspond to an individual step in the instructions. Don't mark up non-step data such as a summary or introduction section, using this property. For example:

  • You can specify the complete text for each step by setting the text of each HowToStep. An image, the title of a step given as name, and url are optional, but recommended, since optional properties may contribute to a rich presentation of the search result. 
    
"step":[
  {
    "@type": "HowToStep",
    "text": "Button your shirt how you'd like to wear it, then drape the tie around your neck. Make the thick end about 1/3rd longer than the short end. For formal button down shirts, it usually works best with the small end of the tie between 4th and 5th button.",
    "image": "https://example.com/1x1/photo.jpg"
  }, {
    "@type": "HowToStep",
    "text": "Cross the long end over the short end. This will form the basis for your knot.",
    "image": "https://example.com/1x1/photo.jpg"
  }, {
    "@type": "HowToStep",
    "text": "Bring the long end back under the short end, then throw it back over the top of the short end in the other direction. ",
    "image": "https://example.com/1x1/photo.jpg"
  }, {
    "@type": "HowToStep",
    "text": "Now pull the long and through the loop near your neck, forming another loop near your neck.",
    "image": "https://example.com/1x1/photo.jpg"
  }, {
    "@type": "HowToStep",
    "text": "Pull the long end through that new loop and tighten to fit! ",
    "image": "https://example.com/1x1/photo.jpg"
  }
]
  • For complex steps, you can provide a step name and list individual substeps using HowToDirection or HowToTip. 
    
"step": [
  {
    "@type": "HowToStep",
    "name": "Prepare the surfaces",
    "itemListElement": [{
      "@type": "HowToDirection",
      "text": "First please turn off the power to the kitchen and then remove everything that is on the wall, such as outlet covers, switchplates, and any other item in the area that is to be tiled."
    }, {
      "@type": "HowToDirection",
      "text": "Then clean the surface thoroughly to remove any grease or other debris and tape off the area."
    }],
    "image": {
      "@type": "ImageObject",
      "url": "https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg",
      "height": "406",
      "width": "305"
    }
  }, {
    "@type": "HowToStep",
    "name": "Plan your layout",
    "itemListElement": [{
      "@type": "HowToTip",
      "text": "The creases created up until this point will be guiding lines for creating the four walls of your planter box."
    }, {
      "@type": "HowToDirection",
      "text": "Lift one side at a 90-degree angle, and fold it in place so that the point on the paper matches the other two points already in the center."
    }, {
      "@type": "HowToDirection",
      "text": "Repeat on the other side."
    }],
    "image": {
      "@type": "ImageObject",
      "url": "https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg",
      "height": "406",
      "width": "305"
    }
  }, {
    "@type": "HowToStep",
    "name": "Prepare your and apply mortar (or choose adhesive tile)",
    "itemListElement": [{
      "@type": "HowToDirection",
      "text": "Follow the instructions on your thin-set mortar to determine the right amount of water to fill in your bucket. Once done, add the powder gradually and make sure it is thoroughly mixed."
    }, {
      "@type": "HowToDirection",
      "text": "Once mixed, let it stand for a few minutes before mixing it again. This time don't add more water. Double check your thin-set mortar instructions to make sure the consistency is right."
    }, {
      "@type": "HowToDirection",
      "text": "Spread the mortar on a small section of the wall with a trowel."
    }, {
      "@type": "HowToTip",
      "text": "Thinset and other adhesives set quickly so make sure to work in a small area."
    }, {
      "@type": "HowToDirection",
      "text": "Once it's applied, comb over it with a notched trowel."
    }],
    "image": {
      "@type": "ImageObject",
      "url": "https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg",
      "height": "406",
      "width": "305"
    }
  }, {
    "@type": "HowToStep",
    "name": "Add your tile to the wall",
    "itemListElement": [{
      "@type": "HowToDirection",
      "text": "Place the tile sheets along the wall, making sure to add spacers so the tiles remain lined up."
    }, {
      "@type": "HowToDirection",
      "text": "Press the first piece of tile into the wall with a little twist, leaving a small (usually one-eight inch) gap at the countertop to account for expansion. use a rubber float to press the tile and ensure it sets in the adhesive."
    }, {
      "@type": "HowToDirection",
      "text": "Repeat the mortar and tiling until your wall is completely tiled, Working in small sections."
    }],
    "image": {
      "@type": "ImageObject",
      "url": "https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg",
      "height": "406",
      "width": "305"
    }
  }, {
    "@type": "HowToStep",
    "name": "Apply the grout",
    "itemListElement": [{
      "@type": "HowToDirection",
      "text": "Allow the thin-set mortar to set. This usually takes about 12 hours. Don't mix the grout before the mortar is set, because you don't want the grout to dry out!"
    }, {
      "@type": "HowToDirection",
      "text": "To apply, cover the area thoroughly with grout and make sure you fill all the joints by spreading it across the tiles vertically, horizontally, and diagonally. Then fill any remaining voids with grout."
    }, {
      "@type": "HowToDirection",
      "text": "Then, with a moist sponge, sponge away the excess grout and then wipe clean with a towel. For easier maintenance in the future, think about applying a grout sealer."
    }],
    "image": {
      "@type": "ImageObject",
      "url": "https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg",
      "height": "406",
      "width": "305"
    }
  }
]

An array of HowToSection elements which comprise the full instructions of this HowTo. For example: 


"step":[
  {
    "@type": "HowToSection",
    "name": "Choose a Tie",
    "itemListElement": [
      {
        "@type": "HowToStep",
        "name": "Choose a color",
        "text": "Pick a tie that matches your shirt color. Contrasting colors can be fun!"
      },
      {
        "@type": "HowToStep",
        "name": "Choose a pattern",
        "text": "A tie with a pattern can add flare to your outfit. Make sure the pattern is not
                 too noisy against your shirt"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "@type": "HowToSection",
    "name": "Put on the Tie",
    "itemListElement": [
      {
        "@type": "HowToStep",
        "name": "Arrange the Tie",
        "text": "Stand in front of the mirror with the tie around your neck."
      },
      {
        "@type": "HowToStep",
        "name": "Tie the Tie",
        "text": "Use your hands to tie the tie into a neat knot around your neck. Looking sharp!"
      }
    ]
  }
]
Recommended properties
estimatedCost MonetaryAmount or Text

The estimated cost of the supplies consumed when performing instructions.

image ImageObject or URL

Image of the completed how-to. Additional image guidelines:

  • Image URLs must be crawlable and indexable.
  • Images must represent the marked up content.
  • Images must be in .jpg, .png, or. gif format.
supply HowToSupply or Text

A supply consumed when performing instructions or a direction.

tool HowToTool or Text

An object used (but not consumed) when performing instructions or a direction.

totalTime Duration

The total time required to perform all instructions or directions (including time to prepare the supplies), in ISO 8601 duration format.

video VideoObject

A video of the how-to. Follow the list of required and recommended Video properties. Mark the steps within a video with hasPart. 


{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "HowTo",
  "video": {
    "@type": "VideoObject",
    "name": "Build a Trivia Game for the Google Assistant with No Code",
    "description": "Learn how to create a Trivia action for Assistant within minutes.",
    "thumbnailUrl": "https://example.com/photos/photo.jpg",
    "contentUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI",
    "embedUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/embed/4AOI1tZrgMI",
    "uploadDate": "2019-01-05T08:00:00+08:00",
    "duration": "P1MT10S",
    "hasPart": [
      {
        "@type": "Clip",
        "@id": "Clip1",
        "name": "Open Actions on Google Console",
        "startOffset": 29,
        "endOffset": 36,
        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI?t=29"
      },
      {
        "@type": "Clip",
        "@id": "Clip2",
        "name": "Select Trivia Template",
        "startOffset": 36,
        "endOffset": 45,
        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI?t=36"
      }
    ]
  }
}
video.hasPart

Clip

A video clip that is part of the entire video.

video.hasPart.endOffset

Number

The end time of the clip expressed as the number of seconds from the beginning of the video.

video.hasPart.name

Text

The name of the clip. For example, "Pull and tighten" could be the name of the clip that shows how to pull and tighten a tie.

video.hasPart.startOffset

Number

The start time of the clip expressed as the number of seconds from the beginning of the video.

video.hasPart.url

URL

A link to the start time of the clip. The start time must match the value set in video.hasPart.startOffset. For example: 


"startOffset": 30,
"endOffset": 45,
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI&t=30"

HowToSection

The full definition of HowToSection is available at schema.org/HowToSection.

The HowToSection type defines a section of a single how-to and contains one or multiple steps. Don't use HowToSection to define different solutions to complete a task; instead, use HowToSection as part of a single solution. For listing multiple ways to complete a task, use multiple HowTo objects. For example, multiple ways to change a flat tire are listed as multiple HowTo objects, not HowToSection objects.

Required properties
itemListElement HowToStep

A list of detailed steps for the section.
name Text

The name of the section.

HowToStep

The full definition of HowToStep is available at schema.org/HowToStep.

The HowToStep type defines the simple textual step in a how-to, and may include an image.

Required properties
itemListElement HowToDirection or HowToTip

A list of detailed substeps, including directions or tips.

Optional if text is used.
text Text

The full instruction text of this step.

Optional if itemListElement is used. Additional guidelines:

  • Include only instructional text and don't include other text such as "Directions", "Watch the video", "Step 1". Specify those phrases outside of the marked up property.

    Not recommended:

    
{
  "@type": "HowToStep",
  "text": "Step 1. Drape the tie around your neck."
}

    Recommended:

    
{
  "@type": "HowToStep",
  "text": "Drape the tie around your neck."
}
Recommended properties
image ImageObject or URL

An image for the step. Additional image guidelines:

  • Image URLs must be crawlable and indexable.
  • Images must represent the marked up content.
  • Images must be in .jpg, .png, or. gif format.
name Text

The word or short phrase summarizing the step (for example, "Attach wires to post" or "Dig"). Don't use non-descriptive text (for example, "Step 1: [text]") or other form of step number (for example, "1. [text]").

url URL

A URL that directly links to the step (if one is available). For example, an anchor link fragment.

video VideoObject or Clip

A video for this step of the how-to, or a clip from one video that shows the entire how-to.

For VideoObject, follow the list of required and recommended Video properties.

Here's an example using VideoObject: 


{
  "@type": "HowToStep",
  "video": {
    "name": "Drape the tie",
    "description": "Drape the tie.",
    "thumbnailUrl": "https://example.com/photos/photo.jpg",
    "contentUrl": "https://www.example.com/videos/123_600x400.mp4",
    "embedUrl": "https://www.example.com/videoplayer?id=123",
    "uploadDate": "2019-01-05T08:00:00+08:00",
    "duration": "PT12S"
  }
}

Here's an example using Clip: 


{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "HowTo",
  "name": "Build a Trivia Game for the Google Assistant with No Code",
  "video": {
    "@type": "VideoObject",
    "name": "Build a Trivia Game for the Google Assistant with No Code",
    "description": "Learn how to create a Trivia action for Assistant within minutes.",
    "thumbnailUrl": "https://example.com/photos/photo.jpg",
    "contentUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI",
    "embedUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/embed/4AOI1tZrgMI",
    "uploadDate": "2019-01-05T08:00:00+08:00",
    "duration": "P1MT10S",
    "hasPart": [
      {
        "@type": "Clip",
        "@id": "Clip1",
        "name": "Open Actions on Google Console",
        "startOffset": 29,
        "endOffset": 36,
        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI?t=29"
      },
      {
        "@type": "Clip",
        "@id": "Clip2",
        "name": "Select Trivia Template",
        "startOffset": 36,
        "endOffset": 45,
        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI?t=36"
      }
    ]
  },
  "step": [
    {
      "@type": "HowToStep",
      "name": "Open Actions on Google Console",
      "video": { "@id": "Clip1" }
    },
    {
      "@type": "HowToStep",
      "name": "Select Trivia Template",
      "video": { "@id": "Clip2" }
    }
  ]
}

HowToSupply, HowToTool

The full definitions of HowToSupply and HowToTool are available at schema.org/HowToSupply and schema.org/HowToTool.

HowToSupply and HowToTool are used to complete the HowTo. They have the same required and recommended properties.

Required properties
name Text

The name of the supply or tool.
Recommended properties
image ImageObject or URL

An image of the supply or tool. Additional image guidelines:

  • Image URLs must be crawlable and indexable.
  • Images must represent the marked up content.
  • Images must be in .jpg, .png, or. gif format.

HowToDirection, HowToTip

The full definitions of HowToDirection and HowToTip are available at schema.org/HowToDirection and schema.org/HowToTip.

Use HowToDirection and HowToTip to describe directions or tips. They have the same required and recommended properties.

Required properties
text Text

The text of the direction or tip.

Theo dõi kết quả nhiều định dạng bằng Search Console

Search Console là công cụ giúp bạn theo dõi hiệu quả hoạt động của các trang web trong Google Tìm kiếm. Bạn không cần đăng ký sử dụng Search Console để đưa trang web vào Google Tìm kiếm, nhưng việc làm vậy có thể giúp bạn hiểu và cải thiện cách Google nhìn thấy trang web của bạn. Bạn nên kiểm tra Search Console trong những trường hợp sau:

  1. Sau lần đầu triển khai dữ liệu có cấu trúc
  2. Sau khi phát hành mẫu mới hoặc cập nhật mã của bạn
  3. Phân tích lưu lượng truy cập định kỳ

Sau lần đầu triển khai dữ liệu có cấu trúc

Sau khi Google lập chỉ mục các trang của bạn, hãy tìm vấn đề bằng cách sử dụng Báo cáo trạng thái kết quả nhiều định dạng có liên quan. Lý tưởng nhất là số mục hợp lệ tăng lên và số mục không hợp lệ không tăng. Nếu bạn tìm thấy vấn đề trong dữ liệu có cấu trúc:

  1. Sửa các mục không hợp lệ.
  2. Kiểm tra URL đang hoạt động để xem vấn đề còn tồn tại không.
  3. Yêu cầu xác thực bằng cách sử dụng báo cáo trạng thái.

Sau khi phát hành các mẫu mới hoặc cập nhật mã

Khi bạn thực hiện những thay đổi đáng kể trên trang web của mình, hãy theo dõi xem số lượng mục dữ liệu có cấu trúc không hợp lệ có tăng lên hay không.
  • Nếu bạn thấy số mục không hợp lệ gia tăng, thì có lẽ bạn đã triển khai một mẫu mới không hoạt động được hoặc trang web của bạn tương tác với mẫu hiện có theo cách mới và không hợp lệ.
  • Nếu bạn thấy số mục hợp lệ giảm (nhưng số mục không hợp lệ không tăng), thì có thể bạn không còn nhúng dữ liệu có cấu trúc trên các trang của mình nữa. Hãy sử dụng Công cụ kiểm tra URL để tìm hiểu nguyên nhân gây ra vấn đề.

Phân tích lưu lượng truy cập định kỳ

Phân tích lưu lượng truy cập bạn nhận được qua Google Tìm kiếm bằng cách sử dụng Báo cáo hiệu suất. Dữ liệu báo cáo sẽ cho bạn biết bạn tần suất trang web xuất hiện dưới dạng kết quả nhiều định dạng trong Tìm kiếm, tần suất người dùng nhấp vào trang và vị trí trung bình của trang trong kết quả tìm kiếm. Bạn cũng có thể tự động lấy các kết quả này bằng Search Console API.

Khắc phục sự cố

Nếu gặp sự cố khi triển khai hoặc gỡ lỗi dữ liệu có cấu trúc, thì bạn có thể tham khảo một số tài nguyên trợ giúp sau đây.