En esta guía, se describe la segmentación geográfica y cómo puedes usar la API de Google Ads para agregar, recuperar y actualizar la segmentación geográfica de tus campañas.
¿Por qué es importante la segmentación geográfica?
La segmentación geográfica te permite publicar anuncios para los usuarios de una región geográfica en particular. Por ejemplo, supongamos que publicas anuncios para una cadena de supermercados. Sin la segmentación geográfica, tus anuncios se mostrarían en todas las regiones del mundo y podrían recibir clics de usuarios en regiones donde no tienes ubicaciones de supermercado. Esto genera costos y no brinda ninguna posibilidad de retorno de la inversión. Con la segmentación geográfica, tus campañas muestran anuncios solo en las regiones donde tienes supermercados abiertos. Este enfoque también te permite segmentar directamente a los clientes que buscan supermercados a nivel local.
La API de Google Ads te permite segmentar tus anuncios por país, región o proximidad alrededor de un punto geográfico específico.
Obtén más información para segmentar anuncios a ubicaciones geográficas.
Campañas de segmentación geográfica para una región
Puedes segmentar campañas a cualquier región geográfica para la que Google Ads admita la segmentación geográfica, como un país, un estado, una ciudad o una región postal. Cada ubicación a la que puedes orientar anuncios se identifica de manera única con un ID de criterio. Puedes buscar un ID de criterio con GeoTargetConstantService.SuggestGeoTargetConstants.
El resource_name de cada GeoTargetConstant tiene el formato geoTargetConstants/{Criterion ID}. Por ejemplo, el valor resource_name del estado de Nueva York es geoTargetConstants/21167.
Puedes agregar segmentaciones geográficas a tus campañas con el CampaignCriterionService. En el siguiente fragmento de código, se muestra cómo segmentar tu campaña con un ID de criterio.
Java
private static CampaignCriterion buildLocationIdCriterion(
long locationId, String campaignResourceName) {
Builder criterionBuilder = CampaignCriterion.newBuilder().setCampaign(campaignResourceName);
criterionBuilder
.getLocationBuilder()
.setGeoTargetConstant(ResourceNames.geoTargetConstant(locationId));
return criterionBuilder.build();
}
C#
private CampaignCriterion buildLocationCriterion(long locationId,
string campaignResourceName)
{
GeoTargetConstantName location = new GeoTargetConstantName(locationId.ToString());
return new CampaignCriterion()
{
Campaign = campaignResourceName,
Location = new LocationInfo()
{
GeoTargetConstant = location.ToString()
}
};
}
PHP
private static function createLocationCampaignCriterionOperation(
int $locationId,
string $campaignResourceName
) {
// Constructs a campaign criterion for the specified campaign ID using the specified
// location ID.
$campaignCriterion = new CampaignCriterion([
// Creates a location using the specified location ID.
'location' => new LocationInfo([
// Besides using location ID, you can also search by location names using
// GeoTargetConstantServiceClient::suggestGeoTargetConstants() and directly
// apply GeoTargetConstant::$resourceName here. An example can be found
// in GetGeoTargetConstantByNames.php.
'geo_target_constant' => ResourceNames::forGeoTargetConstant($locationId)
]),
'campaign' => $campaignResourceName
]);
return new CampaignCriterionOperation(['create' => $campaignCriterion]);
}
Python
def create_location_op(client, customer_id, campaign_id, location_id):
campaign_service = client.get_service("CampaignService")
geo_target_constant_service = client.get_service("GeoTargetConstantService")
# Create the campaign criterion.
campaign_criterion_operation = client.get_type("CampaignCriterionOperation")
campaign_criterion = campaign_criterion_operation.create
campaign_criterion.campaign = campaign_service.campaign_path(
customer_id, campaign_id
)
# Besides using location_id, you can also search by location names from
# GeoTargetConstantService.suggest_geo_target_constants() and directly
# apply GeoTargetConstant.resource_name here. An example can be found
# in get_geo_target_constant_by_names.py.
campaign_criterion.location.geo_target_constant = (
geo_target_constant_service.geo_target_constant_path(location_id)
)
return campaign_criterion_operation
Rita
def create_location(client, customer_id, campaign_id, location_id)
client.operation.create_resource.campaign_criterion do |criterion|
criterion.campaign = client.path.campaign(customer_id, campaign_id)
criterion.location = client.resource.location_info do |li|
# Besides using location_id, you can also search by location names from
# GeoTargetConstantService.suggest_geo_target_constants() and directly
# apply GeoTargetConstant.resource_name here. An example can be found
# in get_geo_target_constant_by_names.rb.
li.geo_target_constant = client.path.geo_target_constant(location_id)
end
end
end
Perl
sub create_location_campaign_criterion_operation {
my ($location_id, $campaign_resource_name) = @_;
# Construct a campaign criterion for the specified campaign using the
# specified location ID.
my $campaign_criterion =
Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V17::Resources::CampaignCriterion->new({
# Create a location using the specified location ID.
location => Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V17::Common::LocationInfo->new({
# Besides using location ID, you can also search by location names
# using GeoTargetConstantService::suggest() and directly apply
# GeoTargetConstant->{resourceName} here. An example can be found
# in get_geo_target_constants_by_names.pl.
geoTargetConstant =>
Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V17::Utils::ResourceNames::geo_target_constant(
$location_id)}
),
campaign => $campaign_resource_name
});
return
Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V17::Services::CampaignCriterionService::CampaignCriterionOperation
->new({
create => $campaign_criterion
});
}
En ocasiones, Google puede eliminar gradualmente algunos criterios de ubicación por varias razones: la ubicación se puede reestructurar en áreas más pequeñas o más grandes, cambios geopolíticos, etc. Consulta el campo status de un objeto GeoTargetConstant para determinar si una ubicación es ENABLED o REMOVAL_PLANNED.
Obtén más información sobre cómo se eliminan gradualmente las ubicaciones de segmentación.
Buscar por nombre de ubicación
También puedes buscar el ID del criterio por nombre de ubicación mediante GeoTargetConstantService.SuggestGeoTargetConstants.
En el siguiente ejemplo de código, se muestra cómo buscar un ID de criterio de ubicación por nombre de ubicación.
Java
private void runExample(GoogleAdsClient googleAdsClient) {
try (GeoTargetConstantServiceClient geoTargetClient =
googleAdsClient.getLatestVersion().createGeoTargetConstantServiceClient()) {
SuggestGeoTargetConstantsRequest.Builder requestBuilder =
SuggestGeoTargetConstantsRequest.newBuilder();
// Locale is using ISO 639-1 format. If an invalid locale is given, 'en' is used by default.
requestBuilder.setLocale("en");
// A list of country codes can be referenced here:
// https://developers.google.com/google-ads/api/reference/data/geotargets
requestBuilder.setCountryCode("FR");
requestBuilder
.getLocationNamesBuilder()
.addAllNames(ImmutableList.of("Paris", "Quebec", "Spain", "Deutschland"));
SuggestGeoTargetConstantsResponse response =
geoTargetClient.suggestGeoTargetConstants(requestBuilder.build());
for (GeoTargetConstantSuggestion suggestion :
response.getGeoTargetConstantSuggestionsList()) {
System.out.printf(
"%s (%s,%s,%s,%s) is found in locale (%s) with reach (%d) for search term (%s).%n",
suggestion.getGeoTargetConstant().getResourceName(),
suggestion.getGeoTargetConstant().getName(),
suggestion.getGeoTargetConstant().getCountryCode(),
suggestion.getGeoTargetConstant().getTargetType(),
suggestion.getGeoTargetConstant().getStatus().name(),
suggestion.getLocale(),
suggestion.getReach(),
suggestion.getSearchTerm());
}
}
}
C#
public void Run(GoogleAdsClient client)
{
// Get the GeoTargetConstantServiceClient.
GeoTargetConstantServiceClient geoService =
client.GetService(Services.V17.GeoTargetConstantService);
// Locale is using ISO 639-1 format. If an invalid locale is given,
// 'en' is used by default.
string locale = "en";
// A list of country codes can be referenced here:
// https://developers.google.com/google-ads/api/reference/data/geotargets
string countryCode = "FR";
string[] locations = { "Paris", "Quebec", "Spain", "Deutschland" };
SuggestGeoTargetConstantsRequest request = new SuggestGeoTargetConstantsRequest()
{
Locale = locale,
CountryCode = countryCode,
LocationNames = new SuggestGeoTargetConstantsRequest.Types.LocationNames()
};
request.LocationNames.Names.AddRange(locations);
try
{
SuggestGeoTargetConstantsResponse response =
geoService.SuggestGeoTargetConstants(request);
foreach (GeoTargetConstantSuggestion suggestion
in response.GeoTargetConstantSuggestions)
{
Console.WriteLine(
$"{suggestion.GeoTargetConstant.ResourceName} " +
$"({suggestion.GeoTargetConstant.Name}, " +
$"{suggestion.GeoTargetConstant.CountryCode}, " +
$"{suggestion.GeoTargetConstant.TargetType}, " +
$"{suggestion.GeoTargetConstant.Status}) is found in locale " +
$"({suggestion.Locale}) with reach ({suggestion.Reach}) " +
$"for search term ({suggestion.SearchTerm}).");
}
}
catch (GoogleAdsException e)
{
Console.WriteLine("Failure:");
Console.WriteLine($"Message: {e.Message}");
Console.WriteLine($"Failure: {e.Failure}");
Console.WriteLine($"Request ID: {e.RequestId}");
throw;
}
}
PHP
public static function runExample(
GoogleAdsClient $googleAdsClient,
array $locationNames,
string $locale,
string $countryCode
) {
$geoTargetConstantServiceClient = $googleAdsClient->getGeoTargetConstantServiceClient();
$response = $geoTargetConstantServiceClient->suggestGeoTargetConstants(
new SuggestGeoTargetConstantsRequest([
'locale' => $locale,
'country_code' => $countryCode,
'location_names' => new LocationNames(['names' => $locationNames])
])
);
// Iterates over all geo target constant suggestion objects and prints the requested field
// values for each one.
foreach ($response->getGeoTargetConstantSuggestions() as $geoTargetConstantSuggestion) {
/** @var GeoTargetConstantSuggestion $geoTargetConstantSuggestion */
printf(
"Found '%s' ('%s','%s','%s',%s) in locale '%s' with reach %d"
. " for the search term '%s'.%s",
$geoTargetConstantSuggestion->getGeoTargetConstant()->getResourceName(),
$geoTargetConstantSuggestion->getGeoTargetConstant()->getName(),
$geoTargetConstantSuggestion->getGeoTargetConstant()->getCountryCode(),
$geoTargetConstantSuggestion->getGeoTargetConstant()->getTargetType(),
GeoTargetConstantStatus::name(
$geoTargetConstantSuggestion->getGeoTargetConstant()->getStatus()
),
$geoTargetConstantSuggestion->getLocale(),
$geoTargetConstantSuggestion->getReach(),
$geoTargetConstantSuggestion->getSearchTerm(),
PHP_EOL
);
}
}
Python
def main(client):
gtc_service = client.get_service("GeoTargetConstantService")
gtc_request = client.get_type("SuggestGeoTargetConstantsRequest")
gtc_request.locale = LOCALE
gtc_request.country_code = COUNTRY_CODE
# The location names to get suggested geo target constants.
gtc_request.location_names.names.extend(
["Paris", "Quebec", "Spain", "Deutschland"]
)
results = gtc_service.suggest_geo_target_constants(gtc_request)
for suggestion in results.geo_target_constant_suggestions:
geo_target_constant = suggestion.geo_target_constant
print(
f"{geo_target_constant.resource_name} "
f"({geo_target_constant.name}, "
f"{geo_target_constant.country_code}, "
f"{geo_target_constant.target_type}, "
f"{geo_target_constant.status.name}) "
f"is found in locale ({suggestion.locale}) "
f"with reach ({suggestion.reach}) "
f"from search term ({suggestion.search_term})."
)
Rita
def get_geo_target_constants_by_names
# GoogleAdsClient will read a config file from
# ENV['HOME']/google_ads_config.rb when called without parameters
client = Google::Ads::GoogleAds::GoogleAdsClient.new
gtc_service = client.service.geo_target_constant
location_names = client.resource.location_names do |ln|
['Paris', 'Quebec', 'Spain', 'Deutschland'].each do |name|
ln.names << name
end
end
# Locale is using ISO 639-1 format. If an invalid locale is given,
# 'en' is used by default.
locale = 'en'
# A list of country codes can be referenced here:
# https://developers.google.com/google-ads/api/reference/data/geotargets
country_code = 'FR'
response = gtc_service.suggest_geo_target_constants(
locale: locale,
country_code: country_code,
location_names: location_names
)
response.geo_target_constant_suggestions.each do |suggestion|
puts sprintf("%s (%s,%s,%s,%s) is found in locale (%s) with reach (%d)" \
" from search term (%s).", suggestion.geo_target_constant.resource_name,
suggestion.geo_target_constant.name,
suggestion.geo_target_constant.country_code,
suggestion.geo_target_constant.target_type,
suggestion.geo_target_constant.status,
suggestion.locale,
suggestion.reach,
suggestion.search_term)
end
end
Perl
sub get_geo_target_constants_by_names {
my ($api_client, $location_names, $locale, $country_code) = @_;
my $suggest_response = $api_client->GeoTargetConstantService()->suggest({
locale => $locale,
countryCode => $country_code,
locationNames =>
Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V17::Services::GeoTargetConstantService::LocationNames
->new({
names => $location_names
})});
# Iterate over all geo target constant suggestion objects and print the requested
# field values for each one.
foreach my $geo_target_constant_suggestion (
@{$suggest_response->{geoTargetConstantSuggestions}})
{
printf "Found '%s' ('%s','%s','%s',%s) in locale '%s' with reach %d" .
" for the search term '%s'.\n",
$geo_target_constant_suggestion->{geoTargetConstant}{resourceName},
$geo_target_constant_suggestion->{geoTargetConstant}{name},
$geo_target_constant_suggestion->{geoTargetConstant}{countryCode},
$geo_target_constant_suggestion->{geoTargetConstant}{targetType},
$geo_target_constant_suggestion->{geoTargetConstant}{status},
$geo_target_constant_suggestion->{locale},
$geo_target_constant_suggestion->{reach},
$geo_target_constant_suggestion->{searchTerm};
}
return 1;
}
Orientar las campañas en función de su proximidad a una ubicación
Hay momentos en los que es posible que desee orientarse con más precisión que a una ciudad o un país. Por ejemplo, es posible que desees promocionar tus supermercados a menos de 10 kilómetros de la ubicación de tu tienda. En esos casos, puedes utilizar la orientación por proximidad.
El código para crear una orientación de proximidad es similar a agregar una ubicación de segmentación, excepto que debes crear un objeto ProximityInfo en lugar de un objeto LocationInfo.
Java
private static CampaignCriterion buildProximityLocation(String campaignResourceName) {
Builder builder = CampaignCriterion.newBuilder().setCampaign(campaignResourceName);
ProximityInfo.Builder proximityBuilder = builder.getProximityBuilder();
proximityBuilder.setRadius(10.0).setRadiusUnits(ProximityRadiusUnits.MILES);
AddressInfo.Builder addressBuilder = proximityBuilder.getAddressBuilder();
addressBuilder
.setStreetAddress("38 avenue de l'Opéra")
.setCityName("Paris")
.setPostalCode("75002")
.setCountryCode("FR");
return builder.build();
}
C#
private CampaignCriterion buildProximityCriterion(string campaignResourceName)
{
ProximityInfo proximity = new ProximityInfo()
{
Address = new AddressInfo()
{
StreetAddress = "38 avenue de l'Opéra",
CityName = "Paris",
PostalCode = "75002",
CountryCode = "FR"
},
Radius = 10d,
// Default is kilometers.
RadiusUnits = ProximityRadiusUnits.Miles
};
return new CampaignCriterion()
{
Campaign = campaignResourceName,
Proximity = proximity
};
}
PHP
private static function createProximityCampaignCriterionOperation(string $campaignResourceName)
{
// Constructs a campaign criterion as a proximity.
$campaignCriterion = new CampaignCriterion([
'proximity' => new ProximityInfo([
'address' => new AddressInfo([
'street_address' => '38 avenue de l\'Opéra',
'city_name' => 'Paris',
'postal_code' => '75002',
'country_code' => 'FR',
]),
'radius' => 10.0,
// Default is kilometers.
'radius_units' => ProximityRadiusUnits::MILES
]),
'campaign' => $campaignResourceName
]);
return new CampaignCriterionOperation(['create' => $campaignCriterion]);
}
Python
def create_proximity_op(client, customer_id, campaign_id):
campaign_service = client.get_service("CampaignService")
# Create the campaign criterion.
campaign_criterion_operation = client.get_type("CampaignCriterionOperation")
campaign_criterion = campaign_criterion_operation.create
campaign_criterion.campaign = campaign_service.campaign_path(
customer_id, campaign_id
)
campaign_criterion.proximity.address.street_address = "38 avenue de l'Opera"
campaign_criterion.proximity.address.city_name = "Paris"
campaign_criterion.proximity.address.postal_code = "75002"
campaign_criterion.proximity.address.country_code = "FR"
campaign_criterion.proximity.radius = 10
# Default is kilometers.
campaign_criterion.proximity.radius_units = (
client.enums.ProximityRadiusUnitsEnum.MILES
)
return campaign_criterion_operation
Rita
def create_proximity(client, customer_id, campaign_id)
client.operation.create_resource.campaign_criterion do |criterion|
criterion.campaign = client.path.campaign(customer_id, campaign_id)
criterion.proximity = client.resource.proximity_info do |proximity|
proximity.address = client.resource.address_info do |address|
address.street_address = "38 avenue de l'Opéra"
address.city_name = "Paris"
address.postal_code = "75002"
address.country_code = "FR"
end
proximity.radius = 10
proximity.radius_units = :MILES
end
end
end
Perl
sub create_proximity_campaign_criterion_operation {
my ($campaign_resource_name) = @_;
# Construct a campaign criterion as a proximity.
my $campaign_criterion =
Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V17::Resources::CampaignCriterion->new({
proximity => Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V17::Common::ProximityInfo->new({
address => Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V17::Common::AddressInfo->new({
streetAddress => "38 avenue de l'Opéra",
cityName => "cityName",
postalCode => "75002",
countryCode => "FR"
}
),
radius => 10.0,
# Default is kilometers.
radiusUnits => MILES
}
),
campaign => $campaign_resource_name
});
return
Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V17::Services::CampaignCriterionService::CampaignCriterionOperation
->new({
create => $campaign_criterion
});
}
Cómo recuperar orientaciones geográficas
Para recuperar las segmentaciones geográficas de una campaña, usa GoogleAdsService.SearchStream. Puedes filtrar tus resultados en la cláusula WHERE.
SELECT
campaign_criterion.campaign,
campaign_criterion.location.geo_target_constant,
campaign_criterion.proximity.geo_point.longitude_in_micro_degrees,
campaign_criterion.proximity.geo_point.latitude_in_micro_degrees,
campaign_criterion.proximity.radius,
campaign_criterion.negative
FROM campaign_criterion
WHERE
campaign_criterion.campaign = 'customers/{customer_id}/campaigns/{campaign_id}'
AND campaign_criterion.type IN (LOCATION, PROXIMITY)
Actualizar orientaciones geográficas
Para actualizar las orientaciones geográficas de una campaña, debes recuperar la lista de orientaciones geográficas existentes y compararla con la lista de orientaciones nuevas. Luego, puedes usar la operación remove para quitar las segmentaciones que no necesitas y la operación create para agregar las nuevas segmentaciones geográficas que necesitas (pero que faltan en la campaña existente).
Excluir segmentaciones geográficas
También puedes excluir LocationInfo, pero no ProximityInfo. Esta función es muy útil si deseas segmentar tus anuncios para una región, pero excluir una subregión (por ejemplo, si deseas segmentar tus anuncios para todo Estados Unidos, excepto Nueva York). Para excluir una región, establece el campo negative en CampaignCriterion para que sea true.
Orientar anuncios a varias regiones geográficas
Con un objeto LocationGroupInfo, puedes habilitar una campaña para que se segmente a varias regiones geográficas. Una región se centra en las ubicaciones definidas por las extensiones de ubicación de la campaña.
El radio definido en el objeto LocationGroupInfo asigna una región circular alrededor de cada ubicación y consta de un objeto radius, una longitud y un radius_units, que pueden estar en metros o millas (LocationGroupRadiusUnitsEnum).
Las ubicaciones de una LocationGroupInfo se pueden filtrar con una lista de IDs de criterios de segmentación geográfica prescritas en el campo geo_target_constant. Si se define, no se orientará ninguna ubicación que exista fuera de los IDs de criterio especificados.